Digital Commons Network^™

Healthcare Provider Perspectives On A Clinical Decision Tool To Support Individualized Exercise Prescriptions And Discussions For Breast Cancer Survivors, Jinani Jayasekera, Oliver W. A. Wilson, Kaitlyn M. Wojcik, Eleanor M. Kerr, Rachelle Brick, David Berrigan, Jennifer Yeong-Shin Sheng, Takeo Fujii, Kathleen Thomas, Henri K. Parson, Padma Sheila Rajagopal, Richard L. Street Jr.

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: We evaluated healthcare providers' current knowledge, practices, and perspectives on a novel clinical decision tool (beta-version) to facilitate individualized exercise prescriptions and discussions in clinical settings.

Methods: We recruited healthcare providers who had treated or provided care to breast cancer survivors aged >= 35-years in the past 12 months. The participants were presented with a tool to provide individualized exercise recommendations considering women's individual, clinical, and contextual characteristics. Validated and reliable pre-existing instruments were used to survey providers' current knowledge, practices regarding exercise discussions, and perspectives on the beta-version (paper-draft) of the novel tool.

Results: The sample consisted of …

Comparison Of Mental Illness Comorbidity Pre-Pandemic Vs. Pandemic-Era And Associations With Clinical And Demographic Characteristics For Virginia Public Hospital Inpatient Discharges With A Substance Use Disorder, Marilyn Bartholmae, Tharidu Gunawardena

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

The rise in mental illnesses after the COVID-19 pandemic is well documented. However, it is not known whether the rates of mental illness comorbidity increased. The objectives of this study were to compare mental illness comorbidity rates before and after the pandemic among inpatients with SUD and to test associations between mental illness comorbidity, physical illness, and demographics. We used a retrospective cross-sectional design in a sample of inpatient discharges (N = 233,017) at Virginia public hospitals from January 2018 to December 2022. We used Z tests to compare rates of mental illness comorbidity pre- and post-pandemic and Chi-square tests …

Criterion Validity Of The Functional Status And Pain Assessment Scale Versus Pain And Length Of Stay In Hospitalized Adults With Scd, Wally R. Smith, Daniel M. Sop, Yue May Zhang, Margaret S. Guy, Rehan Qayyum

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives

In prior research we demonstrated face, construct, discriminant, and preliminary convergent validity of the newly developed, 10-item Functional Status Pain Assessment (FSPA) scale (0-50) in adult SCD patients hospitalized with VOC. We aimed in this study to further demonstrate criterion validity of the FSPA.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study of 561 daily functional and pain assessments from 91 hospitalized adults with SCD from January 2018 to June of 2019. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Partial Least Squares (PLS) models determined the relationship between LOS, pain intensity, and FSPA. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to quantified the impact of …

Insurance Disparities In Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comprehensive Review Of Demographics, Outcomes, And Access To Care, Alim Osman, Alexandra R. Nigro, Michael C. Povelaitis, Marc Z. Handler

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that disproportionately affects women, African Americans, and individuals of biracial descent. It is associated with substantial physical and psychiatric morbidity, reducing quality of life.

Objective: This review analyzed disparities in treatment outcomes, disease progression, and healthcare access among HS patients based on insurance type.

Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search identified 7 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Owing to data heterogeneity, studies were qualitatively analyzed.

Results: Findings consistently demonstrated that Medicaid patients experienced worse outcomes than those with private insurance or Medicare. Medicaid patients had higher rates of comorbid …

Hierarchical Bayesian Regression For Experimental Psychology: A Case Study Of Cognitive Control, Thomas A Dudey, Joshua J Jackson, Shelly R Cooper, Todd S Braver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Arising from the so-called 'replication crisis' in the experimental psychology literature, there has been a growing call to reassess whether specific analytic practices might enhance the accuracy and precision of reported findings. This issue is explored here, through a case study examination of two previously collected datasets from the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) task battery. This case study highlights the unique advantages afforded by Hierarchical Bayesian Regression (HBR) models as a potentially more rigorous analytic approach to statistical inference. In the DMCC datasets, two sets of HBR models are presented, with the estimates of the former used as …

"Using Theories" And "Doing Theory": Tool And Action Orientations To Theory At The Interface Of Public Health And Anthropology, Peter Taber, Eileen M Dryden, Jean M Hunleth, Linda S Kahn, Lance Laird, Teresa Winstead, Genevra F Murray

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The use of "theory" is a common concern in public health and anthropology. However, the term can have quite distinct meanings. In this piece, we seek to name and characterize some tendencies in anthropological theorizing that contribute to potential misunderstandings when communicating with non-anthropologist colleagues in public health. In particular, we highlight differences between the use of recognizable, named "theories" that often explicitly frame public health research and interventions, and the open-ended and context-specific work of "doing theory" sometimes referenced in anthropology. Observing the linguistic shifts entailed to refer to theory in each of these cases-"using theories" versus "doing theory"-we …

The Impacts Of Climate Change On Ohs: Status Report And Proposed Actions, Sophie De Serres, Alain Marchand

États de la question, rapports d’expertise et revues de littérature

This narrative review describes the multidimensional impacts of climate change (CC) on occupational health and safety (OHS), with a focus on the North American and European contexts. The rise in the average global temperature, which is now 1.2 ^°C higher than during the pre-industrial era, is transforming working conditions and exacerbating existing occupational hazards. The heat stress induced by excessive heat causes pathologies ranging from exhaustion to fatal heatstroke, while also lowering vigilance and increasing the risk of traumatic injury. Beyond the physical harms, CC increases the psychosocial risks, leading to eco-anxiety, psychological distress and a decline in workers’ …