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The Bg News September 25, 2026, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. September 25, 2026. Homecoming Issue.

Roblox-Related Protest And Political Opposition In Indonesia: Game-Native Repertoires And Discursive Resistance, Ruth Stany Melisa

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Digital games increasingly intersect with political communication as environments in which political grievances are reformulated through gaming cultures and vernaculars. This study examines Roblox-related protests associated with the Indonesia Gelap movement and the controversy surrounding the Indonesian Armed Forces Law (UU TNI) in March 2025. It asks how political opposition is constructed through game-native and symbolic repertoires and how these discourses invoke socially shared representations and relate to political power. Using a qualitative design, the study analyses six selected digital artefacts retrieved from X and TikTok. Visual and textual material constitute the primary data, while captured comments are …

Why Do Indonesians Travel Abroad For Medical Treatment? A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Lucky Sarjono Buranda, Aries Wahyuningsih, Steven Busby

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

More than one million Indonesian citizens travel abroad for medical treatment each year, generating financial transactions exceeding IDR 180 trillion (USD 11.5 billion). This study aimed to explore the reasons why Indonesians seek medical treatment overseas. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed using in-depth interviews with Indonesian citizens who had received or were currently receiving medical treatment outside Indonesia. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through coding to identify themes, subthemes, and related properties. Interviews were conducted with 18 participants from three major Indonesian cities (Makassar, Surabaya, and Batam), as well as individuals receiving treatment in Singapore and Malaysia. …

Reducing Drag Of Vehicles With Half-Stepped Cylinder Surfaces Part I: Numerical Optimization, Ryan Moffit, Hamid Rahai, Komal Gada

Mineta Transportation Institute

Aerodynamic drag is a major source of energy loss for vehicles, increasing fuel consumption, reducing the driving range of electric vehicles, and contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. For a vehicle, the major components of its drag are pressure and viscous drag. Engineers have developed a variety of strategies to reduce drag, including streamlined vehicle designs, surface modifications, and devices that alter airflow around the vehicle. This research focuses on reducing the viscous drag. Specifically, this study investigates whether microscopic surface features called half-stepped cylinder arrays can reduce skin friction by altering the turbulent boundary layer and promoting smoother airflow near …

Performance Evaluation Of Fiber Reinforced Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles, Hani Alzraiee, Ashraf Rahim, Shadi M. Saadeh, Aaditya Ojha, Adam Mansara

Mineta Transportation Institute

Reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS) offer a promising avenue for increasing recycled content in hot mix asphalt, but the aged, stiff binder they contribute tends to reduce cracking resistance, particularly at intermediate temperatures. This study investigated whether polymer fiber reinforcement can offset that brittleness while preserving rutting and moisture performance in mixtures containing both reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and RAS. Fourteen asphalt mixtures were designed using a base blend of 25% RAP combined with RAS at either 3% or 5% by total mix weight. Two commercially available polymer fiber types, designated Fiber A and Fiber B, were added at dosages of …

Board Of Trustees Agenda, Sep. 25, 2026, Indiana State University Board Of Trustees

Board of Trustees

Indiana State University Board of Trustees meeting agenda

A Square Peg In A Round Hole: Academic Review And Exhibitions, Cory L. Nimer, Megan E. Frost

Faculty Publications

Academic libraries increasingly use exhibitions as scholarly communication, yet conventional peer-review models rarely account for their collaborative, interdisciplinary nature. Museums and other GLAM institutions have developed standards addressing exhibition goals, audiences, interpretation, attribution, access, and visitor engagement, offering a useful foundation for academic library practice. At Brigham Young University, a library task force examined peer-review models across disciplines and adapted museum standards into a policy for evaluating exhibitions as scholarship in retention and promotion processes. Approved in January 2025, the policy was first applied to By Study and By Faith: 150 Years of BYU, an exhibition developed for the …

Mapping Coastal Community-Based Tourism Empowerment: Public Policy And Sustainable Development On Bangka Island, Putra Pratama Saputra, Hadiyanto Abdul Rachim, Arie Surya Gutama, Moch. Zaenal Hakim

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This study analyzes the conceptualization and practice of community-based tourism empowerment on Bangka Island, serving as a strategic approach to promote sustainable and inclusive coastal tourism. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were gathered through interviews with nine key informants, observations, and policy document analysis. Findings reveal that these empowerment initiatives significantly strengthen individual and institutional capacities, enhance community participation in tourism planning, and drive economic diversification from extractive industries to sustainable tourism. Furthermore, this approach facilitates economic transformation through the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and coastal ecotourism, concurrently reinforcing environmental conservation and cultural preservation. However, …

Access In Teaching Stem Subjects To The Blind, Ashley E. Neybert

Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities

There are still many gaps in the literature regarding the difficulties faced by instructors of students who are blind and low vision and who teach Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) subjects. We surveyed 26 K-12 STEM teachers about accessible materials they are aware of versus which accessible materials they use in their classrooms, their thoughts on how common challenges identified in the extent literature affect them in their teaching, and their perspective on how much extra time may be required for blind and low vision students (if any) to effectively learn STEM subjects.

Using Digital Engagement Methods To Balance Democracy And Efficiency In Public Decision Making, Catherine Zietse

PNHA Review

At the bedrock of our democratic society is the active participation of everyday people in shaping public affairs. Local governments seek to build inclusive and democratic processes for decision making, while at the same time being good stewards of scarce resources to efficiently address immediate needs of the community. This paper explores the role of digital engagement in balancing democracy and efficiency in public decision-making by looking at both theory and practice. Academic literature and case studies from the field show that technology and digital engagement platforms do not circumvent the risks of traditional engagement methods but provide both opportunities …

Makers And Small-Scale Manufacturing In Cities: Strategies For Fostering Place, Urban Production, And Economic Growth, Charles Steven Hively

PNHA Review

This paper seeks to answer whether incentivizing makers and small-scale manufacturing has any effect on the economic development or economic growth of a region. Currently, no research exists indicating a causal link between economic growth and incentivizing makers and small-scale manufacturing. Much of the previous conversation from economic development focuses on place-making and revitalization of distressed areas. This paper attempts to link three observations together to infer a positive correlation with economic growth: that higher productivity cities have higher levels of wages and employment; that incentivizing or promoting small-scale manufacturing increases their number and success; and that these small businesses …

Mental Health Standards In Michigan Juvenile Detention Facilities: At Odds With Best Practice And State’S Own Public Health Code, Jessica M. Montgomery

PNHA Review

This paper details the current standards and qualifications established for mental health providers in Michigan juvenile justice system (JJS) detention facilities. The state policies regulating JJS detention facilities are compared with Michigan’s Public Health Code Act (1978) and best-practice recommendations published by national mental health and juvenile justice authorities. This paper finds that Michigan policies regulating JJS detention facilities fall below both national best-practice recommendations and the state Public Health Code (1978), and effectively establish a standard of mental health care for youth in JJS detention facilities that is below what is established for youth in the general public. It …

Transforming Healthcare With Ai: The Illusion Of Control, Garrett L. Heaney

PNHA Review

Artificial intelligence is a new technology that has paved a path into the future for our healthcare sectors. This technology uses machine learning methods and big data to conduct its intended purpose within its designated parameters; however, researchers and consumers have experienced unintended outcomes. Artificial intelligence is deployed throughout our daily lives, so our society looks at this immense responsibility superficially. As organizational leaders experience short-sighted tunnel vision and push for innovative artificially intelligent programs, they do not realize the potential severe dangers.

This paper argues for a graded approach to studying and implementing artificially intelligent machines in healthcare. Our …

Differences In Mental Toughness Among Mixed Martial Artists And Physically Active Individuals, Savannah M. Calleja, Soleil Ramos, Victoria Potvin, Anthony A. Ricci, Gabriel J. Sanders, Corey A. Peacock

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a physiological and psychological demanding sport. While the majority of the literature conducted in MMA regards physiological health and risk of injury, researchers are beginning to assess the psychological profiles of MMA athletes. Previous studies have evaluated mental toughness (MT) within MMA; however, no study has examined MT in MMA athletes at the professional division. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the difference in mental toughness between professional MMA athletes and physically active individuals. Secondary aims are to evaluate potential variations in mental toughness within the professional level between champion and …

Adaptive, Complexity-Gated Prompt Optimization For Reducing Token Consumption In Large Language Model Agents, Saket Jain

Defensive Publications Series

A prompt pre-processing layer for large language model agents conditionally rewrites user prompts to reduce token consumption. For each prompt, a complexity score is computed from textual features such as the presence of file paths, the density of vague language, and the number of bundled tasks. The score is compared to a threshold: specific prompts are forwarded unchanged, while vague or multi-task prompts are transformed into a focused, scoped instruction before dispatch. Because rewriting is a low-cost text transformation gated on expected net savings, the system eliminates costly exploration and retry cycles for vague prompts without imposing any rewriting overhead …

The Thank-All-Nearby Primitive: One-Tap Anonymous Gratitude Transfer To Everyone Nearby Over Bluetooth Low Energy Proximity, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a one-tap broadcast operation for anonymous peer-to-peer value transfer to every co-present, human-verified recipient within Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) proximity, optionally carrying money or time, in which each recipient receives a verifiable receipt and the sender receives no exportable record. The recipient set is resolved by physical co-presence rather than account lookup: devices advertise rotating, unlinkable proximity beacons, with ultra-wideband ranging and peer-to-peer nearby-connection APIs as optional substrates, and the platform learns only that two devices were in range, never absolute location. Components: (1) sender authentication by a per-action passkey signature, within a proof-of-humanity layer attesting a distinct …

Verified-Human Anonymous Local Gratitude Transfer: Proximity-Bounded Anonymous Peer-To-Peer Payment With Per-Action Proof Of Personhood, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify an anonymous peer-to-peer payment and tipping method in which one signed transaction binds three properties: per-action proof of personhood by user-verified FIDO2/WebAuthn signing on an attested platform authenticator, physical proximity attestation by Ultra-Wideband (UWB) or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ranging, and sender anonymity toward the recipient. The device-signed ranging transcript is placed inside the payload over which the WebAuthn assertion is computed, with a verifier-issued single-use nonce, so user verification and co-location are attested by one signature over one object.

Proximity requires one UWB ranging (IEEE 802.15.4z secure ranging where exposed) or two agreeing mechanisms among UWB, BLE …

The Time-Locked Gift Tag: Qr- And Nfc-Addressed Gift Labels With Scheduled Reveal Of The Message, The Sender And A Pledge Of Time, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a QR- or NFC-addressed physical gift label that replaces a handwritten gift tag with a scanned, time-locked reveal: the sender, recipient and message fields are each independently sealed and released at a chosen date or occasion. Scanned before that moment, a web page shows the structure of the gift (which sealed fields exist, with a countdown) but not their content; re-scanning the label at or after the moment unlocks the fields without an app install. Beside the message, the label carries a pledge of the giver's own time to the recipient, rendered as an offer of presence with …

Provenance-Carrying Retrieval: Hash, Timestamp And Source Binding For Retrieval-Augmented Generation, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) response format in which every document a retrieval server returns to a language model carries a provenance envelope binding the served text to a cryptographic hash of a named, fetchable source file, at least one timestamp independent of the server (an RFC 3161 time-stamp authority, an OpenTimestamps Bitcoin anchor, or a transparency log), and, where available, a persistent identifier (DOI). The envelope also carries a scope statement declaring what the hash covers relative to the served text (whole source, excerpt, or derived rendering), an explicit "no anchor" statement rather than silence when none exists, …

Subject-Released Attestation: A Market Design In Which The Operator Cannot Answer, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify subject-released attestation: a market where a third party pays to ask a binary question about a person, the person is paid for permitting it, and the record's operator sells only its vouching. The defining property is negative — the operator cannot structurally answer about a named person alone — making an institution's refusal to sell personal records a fact about the machinery, not a promise about its management. This paper contributes the market rules deciding what that inability sells, and to whom.

Five rules constitute it: (1) the two-good split — release and vouching separately owned, neither party …

The Gratitude-Riding Currency Tag: Qr And Nfc Markers On Circulating Banknotes For Tracking And Voluntary Tipping, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a scannable tag (QR code or NFC tag) carried on a circulating banknote so that a tip's thank-you message travels with the cash: gratitude metadata attached to physical currency rather than to a transaction record. A giver leaving a tip stamps or affixes the mark on a lowest-denomination note; any later holder scans it in a mobile browser to read the accumulated messages (text, photo, video or voice), add their own, and pass the note onward, so the note's ordinary circulation is the distribution channel.

The disclosure specifies: a physical mark bearing no words, brand or advertisement, only …

The Reciters' Protocol: Content Integrity Verification, Completeness Manifests And Variant-Preserving Text Retrieval Transposed From Oral Canon Transmission, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure specifies content integrity verification and provenance mechanisms for text retrieval systems that serve quoted passages to machine readers, transposed from a multi-recension oral canon transmitted for roughly two millennia without an authoritative copy (the Pāli Buddhist canon).

A conformance endpoint accepts a claimed quotation, compares it with the served multi-recension corpus, and returns one of a closed set of dispositions on the claim, including a conforming variant with its witness, each paired with a prescribed next action and by construction none on the claimant; closed disposition sets are anticipated by OCSP; the composition is disclosed. A separated completeness …

Automatic Discovery And Refinement Of Tool Catalogs From Conversational Data, Joshua Huang, Steve Yuan, Bryan Horling, Mahdi Zafarmand

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are described for generating a tool catalog for conversational agents from historical conversation data, which can address challenges associated with manual catalog creation. The described technology can use a multi-stage process that may begin with a discovery engine, which could leverage a large language model, to analyze conversations and extract potential tools with their respective inputs and outputs. A subsequent refinement stage can employ a critic-actor architecture to iteratively identify and address potential logical issues in the extracted catalog, such as duplicate functions or unresolved parameter dependencies. This process can result in a dependency-aware tool catalog with …

Real-Time Predator Detection And Child-Centered Intervention In Multi-Platform Messaging: A System Architecture, Aubrey L. Douglas

Defensive Publications Series

We describe a system for detecting adult predatory behavior directed at minor users across five mobile messaging platforms (Discord, Instagram, Snapchat, SMS/MMS, Roblox) via on-device passive capture on the minor's own Android device. The system introduces three novel techniques not previously documented in either academic literature or commercial parental-monitoring products: (1) cross-platform stylometric fingerprinting that links blocked adult accounts to newly-created accounts by writing style rather than platform identifiers; (2) in-context grooming pedagogy delivering real-time named-tactic warnings to the child at the moment of manipulation, using non-punitive framing and one-tap protective action; and (3) three-stream ingestion with concealment-as-evidence semantics, where …

Discourse Of Open Party Contestation In Jemaah Tarbiyah In Indonesia, Gili Argenti, Caroline Paskarina, Nani Darmayanti, Nandang Alamsah Deliarnoor

Jurnal Wacana Politik

Factionalization in Indonesian political parties is commonly explained by elite rivalry, coalition choices, or clientelistic interests, leaving intra-party conflict over the meaning of ideology less well explained. This article asks how the discourse of an open party constructs and reveals ideological contestation within Jemaah Tarbiyah and how that contestation contributed to the emergence of the Gelora Indonesia Party. Using Teun A. van Dijk's critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study integrates textual analysis, social cognition, and social context. The empirical material consists of in-depth interviews with 20 purposively selected actors from PKS, GARBI, Gelora, and related Tarbiyah networks, together with party …

Fear, Threat, And Google Searches: Examining Ideological Shifts Using Big Data, Erin M. Cerasaro

Master's Theses

In their review of research on factors that affect political conservatism, Jost et al. brought together research from several theoretical viewpoints. This produced a model of psychological needs and motives in individuals which react with stimuli that make them feel fearful and threatened (F/T), increasing adherence to conservative ideology. While some research supports these claims, evidence shows that in some contexts these variables increase ideological polarization overall, but may also have a greater impact on conservative attitudes specifically. Researchers have had difficulty in investigating these relationships in naturalistic settings due to an inability to manipulate events that precipitate this ideological …

Assessing Spanish-Speaking Latinas' Perceptions Of Postpartum Education On Maternal Warning Signs, Lucero Rocha-Dela Cruz, Natalia Villegas Rodriguez

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Introduction: Pregnancy-related deaths remain a significant public health concern in the US, with approximately 78% occuring during the postpartum period. Latinx birthing individuals may face increased risk of postpartum complications due to barriers in accessing postpartum education that is culturally and linguistically appropriate. Little is known about education on maternal warning signs received among Latinx birthing individuals in the postpartum period. Patient education can reduce pregnancy-related deaths associated with postpartum complications. The purpose of this study was to assess perceptions of postpartum education, with a focus on maternal warning signs, among Spanish-speaking Latinx birthing individuals.

Methods: This quantitative descriptive study …

Identifying Barriers To Reporting Concerning Behaviors In A Public Secondary School, Will Durgin

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

Threat assessment is an effective school safety practice that allows schools to identify concerning behavior and intervene before it reaches a crisis. Because this process often begins with a staff member recognizing and reporting a concern, this study examined how school staff interpret concerning behavior, understand their responsibility to report it, and what can make reporting more difficult.

The study used a two-phase action research design in a small, rural public school district in western New York. The first phase used a survey built around five behavior vignettes, while the second phase consisted of staff interviews.

Staff generally agreed when …

The Grizzly, September 24, 2026, Sidney Belleroche, Adam Denn, Saniya Jeter, Sam Zwergel, Laela Stackhouse, Gianna M. Scotto, Nathaniel Nerone, Erik Groff

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Bats Found in BWC • Police Chief Discusses Flock Cameras • Okay, But What is APEX? • St. Joe's Coach Reflects on Ursinus Past • Fresh Dining Hall Hours Changes • Opinion: No, You are Not "Apolitical" • Ursinus Introduces Flag Football as Varsity Sport • Field Hockey Fends Off Competition to Begin Season

September 24, 2026, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.