Digital Commons Network^™

Neural Network-Based Analysis Of Heroin Epidemic Models With Modified Fractional Operators, M. A. El-Shorbagy, Sedat Pak, Mati Ur Rahman, Hossam A. Nabwey

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

Heroin and synthetic narcotic abuse have become a major global concern, posing challenges to individuals, families, and communities. Their widespread availability and low cost have intensified the crisis. This study investigates a heroin transmission model using the modified Atangana--Baleanu--Caputo (mABC) fractional operator, with emphasis on non-zero solutions. Series solutions are derived by combining the Laplace transform with the Adomian decomposition method to address nonlinear components. Qualitative analysis is conducted through fixed-point theory, while stability is assessed using the T-Picard method. Numerical simulations explore the effects of different fractional orders and transmission parameters on the system. The study incorporates a deep …

Jpnet: A Multi-Layered Fusion Deep Learning Architecture For The Detection And Classification Of Pests In Jute Crops, Mejbah Ahammad, Md. Ashraful Babu, Muhammad Sajjad Hossain, Md. Fayz-Al-Asad, Nadim Ahmed, Md. Khaled Hossain, Md. Mortuza Ahmmed, M. Mostafizur Rahman, Mufti Mahmud

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

Detecting and classifying insect pests is a critical challenge in agricultural pest management, as infestations can reduce crop yield and quality. This study introduces JPNet, a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that uses multi-layer feature fusion to detect and classify insect pests affecting jute crops. The architecture integrates complementary feature representations extracted at different network depths, preserving fine-grained visual characteristics alongside high-level semantic information. JPNet is evaluated on the JutePest dataset, which comprises approximately 6,460 RGB images spanning 17 pest classes. Preprocessing and data augmentation—including resizing, normalization, rotation, shifting, zooming, and flipping—improve the consistency and diversity of the training data. …

Pattern Formation And Diffusion-Driven Instability Of A Modified Lengyel-Epstein Model, Müge Meyvacı, Hüseyin Merdan, Yafia Radouane

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

We consider a modified Lengyel-Epstein model that is covered by a system of reaction-diffusion equations and investigate the sufficient conditions on parameters of the model at which the diffusion-driven instability occurs. We perform numerical simulations to support and extend the theoretical findings. Analytical results and numerical simulations show that the modified Lengyel-Epstein system with positive initial and non-flux boundary conditions presents Turing patterns under some conditions on its parameters.

Gambaran Generasi Z Yang Kesepian Dalam Penggunaan Chat Ai Sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan “Someone To Talk”, Ikhwanul Ihsan Armalid, Febty Zahra Arsiwi, Qisthi Fathiyyah, Ratri Mayzakky Afra Syahida

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

This study aims to understand the experiences of Generation Z individuals who experience loneliness in utilizing Chat AI to fulfill their need for someone to talk to within a socio-emotional context. The study employed a qualitative approach using a phenomenological method involving six Generation Z participants aged 18 to 25 who had used Chat AI for emotional sharing or venting. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis yielded six main themes: the dynamics of Generation Z social interactions, experiences of loneliness in social life, patterns of Chat AI usage, Chat AI as a …

Decision Support System For The Selection Of Thumbprint Recognition Algorithms In Biometric Security Systems, Toqeer Jameel, Muhammad Riaz

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This study investigates fingerprint recognition in immigration operations, emphasizing the role of biometric verification in enhancing security, fairness, and operational efficiency in international mobility. To address the uncertainty, vagueness, and imprecision inherent in fingerprint identification, a novel decision-making framework is proposed by integrating interval-valued picture fuzzy (IVPF) information. Fairly aggregation operators are introduced to combine decision makers' evaluations, while extracted fingerprint features are modeled using positive, neutral, and negative membership degrees within the IVPF environment. Objective criterion weights are determined using the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method, and individual ranking is performed via the alternative ranking order method …

Bifurcation Dynamics Of A Harvested Predator-Prey Model, Hala H. Emam, Mohamed F. Abouelenein, Mona Anis, M. Y. Hamada, F. A. Atia, H. El-Metwally

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

In ecosystems, the harvesting effect is essential to preserving the relationships between prey and predator. This work examines a model of predator-prey in discrete time with harvesting. The Jacobian matrix's eigenvalues are calculated for the associated fixed points. We examine the dynamical and qualitative analysis of this model, look into the criteria for stability and bifurcation, and analyze analytical results that show the rich dynamics and complexity of this model. We give sufficient circumstances for the Period-doubling at the interior equilibrium point by employing the harvesting effect. The discrete system's chaos control is carried out, and the outcomes are supported …

Emergence Of Purely Elastoplastic Turbulence In Shear Flows, Muhammad Abdullah, Shravan Pradeep, Doug J. Jerolmack, Becca Thomases, Paulo E. Arratia

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

Yield-stress fluids only flow above a critical stress. Here, we observe the emergence of a distinct, elasticity-driven flow state in a yield-stress fluid in the absence of inertia. Numerical simulations show that this elastoplastic turbulent state is characterized by non-Gaussian bimodal velocity distribution and a broad spectrum of velocity and stress fluctuations. Results show a nonmonotonic relationship between the volume fraction of the unyielded flow and plasticity. Surprisingly, the system can fluidize near the emergence of the elastoplastic turbulent state. Our results reveal the complex interplay between elasticity and plasticity in simple shear flows, indicating that plasticity can mobilize the …

Assessment Of Inter-Observer Variability In Delineating High-Risk Clinical Target Volumes And Organs At Risk In Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy, Atumaini A. Makoba, Julius S. Chiuyo, Innocent J. Lugendo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Achieving precise target volume delineation during cervical cancer treatment poses challenges due to several reasons, including difficulties in establishing the precise geometrical location of the gross target volume. Inter-observer variability in contouring anatomical structures poses a critical challenge to treatment consistency, delineation, and dosimetry accuracy. Volumetric and dosimetric records of 20 patients treated with gynecologic high-dose rate brachytherapy were analyzed to assess the interobserver variability between oncologists. Three radiation oncologists independently examined the organs at risk and high-risk critical organs on 20 computed tomography scans. The volumetric and dosimetric relationship between the contours delineated by radiation oncologists was described using …

Mathematical Modelling For Optimizing Predator–Prey Networks In A Resilient Wildlife Ecosystem: A Systematic Literature Review, Thadei Damas Sagamiko

Tanzania Journal of Science

The resilience of wildlife networks hinges on the adaptability and stability of complex predator-prey interactions. Mathematical modelling offers a crucial approach for examining and optimizing these dynamics under biological invasions and environmental pressures. This systematic literature review (SLR) employs a bibliometric analysis approach to synthesize global research on mathematical models applied to predator-prey network optimization, with an emphasis on their ecological implications, computational approaches, and modelling strategies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 50 peer- reviewed studies (2000–2025) were analyzed using the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The study identifies classical models, such as the …

Fast Sparse Image Reconstruction Models In Through-The-Wall Radars: A Review, Aude Kileo, Hashimu U. Iddi, Abdi Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Science

Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) is a modern technology that uses electromagnetic waves to detect objects behind walls, with key applications in surveillance, rescue operations, and reconnaissance. Achieving high resolution in both down-range and cross-range requires ultra-wideband signals and long apertures, resulting in large data volumes, increased acquisition time, and high memory demands. TWRI employs Compressive Sensing (CS) to reduce computational time, which has proved its significance in many recent TWRI applications. However, in CS, image reconstruction approaches shift the computational burden from the sensing stage to the recovery stage, which prolongs the reconstruction times, making it unsuitable in time-sensitive applications. …

Feasibility Of Acetylated Icacina Trichantha Oliv. Tuber Starch As Viscosity And Fluid Loss Control Agents In Water-Based Drilling Mud. A Comparative Assessment With Commercial Starch, Kennedy I. Ogunwa, Theresa O. Uchechukwu, Ozioma Achugasim, Leo C. Osuji, Onyewuchi Akaranta

Tanzania Journal of Science

The need for sustainable, non-food drilling fluid additives has prompted the feasibility assessment of acetylated Icacina trichantha tuber starch as a viscosity modifier and fluid loss control agent in water-based muds. Native starch was acetylated to obtain two derivatives (Degree of Substitution DS = 0.38 and 0.68) and characterized using FTIR, swelling power, and physicochemical analyses. Drilling mud performance was assessed through rheology, gel strength, filtration loss, sorptivity, and model fitting. Acetylation improved swelling and reduced gelatinization temperature. The optimal formulation, Mud-ITO-ACS2 (DS = 0.68), exhibited the most favorable performance, combining low plastic viscosity (6 cP vs 9 cP for …

Effect Of Acid Pretreatment On The Adsorption Of Phenol Red By Cellulose Isolated From Sandbox (Hura Crepitans L.): Kinetics, Isotherms And Thermodynamics, Muibat O. Alabi-Abass, Najeem A. Adesola Babarinde, Adeola A. Ibikunle, Nurudeen O. Sanyaolu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater remains an urgent environmental concern due to their persistence and toxicity. This study evaluates cellulose from Hura crepitans (HC) and its acid-modified form (AHC) for the adsorption of phenol red (PR) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR to identify functional groups responsible for dye binding, XRD to determine the crystalline structure, SEM to examine surface morphology, and BET/BJH analyses to measure surface area and pore distribution. Acid modification enhanced surface roughness, porosity, and the abundance of active functional sites, leading to improved adsorption efficiency. Optimal conditions were pH 9.0 …

Distribution Of Diagenetic Alterations In Lower Cretaceous Strata Of The Tanzanian Coastal Sedimentary Basin, Justina James Saroni

Tanzania Journal of Science

The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Sedimentary Basin of Tanzania crop out in the Wami and Mandawa basins and are stratigraphically similar to the reservoir rocks hosting gas at Songo Songo. This study examines the relationship between facies and diagenetic processes in outcrops from the study area. Outcrop description and petrographic analysis by using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify facies and diagenetic alterations. Sixteen facies were identified, including siliciclastic facies: conglomerate (Gm), sandstones (St, Sp, Sm, Sh, Sr), siltstone and mudstone (Fm, Fl); and carbonate facies are packstone (Lsp, Lspc, Lspg, Lspo), grainstone …

Modelling Acute Haemorrhagic Conjunctivitis In East Africa: An Integrated Approach To Transmission Dynamics And Outbreak Response Strategies, Geofrey Wingi Sikazwe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) poses a significant global health risk, with the potential for rapid spread during outbreaks. For instance, a localized outbreak in Yunnan Province, China, recorded infection rates of up to 48%, illustrating how transmission can intensify under favourable epidemiological and environmental conditions. Existing mathematical models of AHC transmission overlook seasonal variations, a critical factor in epidemic spread. This study combines species distribution models (SDMs) and epidemiological modelling to analyse key drivers of AHC in East Africa. We use the SEIR type (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered - incorporating waning immunity) framework with temperature-dependent infectivity rate as the key driver of an …

Silicon Nitride Thin Film Deposited By Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition Technique For Various Device Applications, Anayesu Bariki Malisa

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work reports on silicon nitride (SiNx) thin film deposited by the Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) technique. The film was characterized by Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) to obtain optical constants 𝑛, 𝑘 and thickness using the Cauchy layer built on the Lorentz oscillator model and the B-spline model. The determined optical band gap 𝐸𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 for direct transition was 3.2 𝑒𝑉 and that for indirect transition was 2.13 𝑒𝑉. Film characterization was performed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) at two different angles of incidence of 15 degrees to probe deep layers and 65 degrees (Brewster’s angle) to excite …

Clustering Of Potable Water Sources In Rural Oyo State, Nigeria: Implications For Equitable Distribution And Sustainability, Adesola Adediran, Ibrahim O. Raufu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Adequate and equitable access to potable water remains a major challenge in rural communities of Oyo State, Nigeria, with uncoordinated provision leading to widespread shortages. This study employs geospatial techniques to assess the spatial distribution of water supply sources across five purposively selected rural communities in Olorunsogo Local Government Area (OLGA). Geographic coordinates of boreholes, hand-dug wells, and other potable water sources were collected using a handheld Garmin GPS 76S device. Spatial analysis was conducted using ArcGIS, and Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA) was applied to evaluate the pattern of distribution. Results indicate a strong tendency toward clustering, with a Nearest …

The Use Of Gadgets And Learning Motivation Among Grade Xi Students In Biology Learning At Sma Negeri 5 Palu, Yulia Citra, Mohammad Jamhari, Masrianih Masrianih, Lestari M.P Alibasyah, Mursito S. Bialangi, Yulia Windarsih

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to describe the profile of gadget use and learning motivation among Grade XI students in biology learning at SMA Negeri 5 Palu and to explore students’ and teachers’ experiences of gadgets as learning support tools and potential sources of digital distraction. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, supported by descriptive questionnaire profiling. A total of 74 students completed a 50-item questionnaire on gadget use and learning motivation, while 10 students and two biology teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Questionnaire data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, while interview data were analyzed thematically. The descriptive findings showed that …

The Application Of The Group Investigation (Gi) Model Of Cooperative Learning To Improve Students’ Understanding Of Biodiversity In Year 10 At Sman 2 Mori Atas, Nadia Rosmita Lumako, Mohammad Jamhari, Yulia Windarsih, Lilies Lilies, Rafiqa Rafiqa, Amalia Buntu

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Biology instruction at SMAN 2 Mori Atas was predominantly conducted through conventional teaching practices. Preliminary observations revealed that students had difficulty understanding biodiversity concepts, and several students did not meet the minimum passing criterion of 70. These conditions highlighted the need for learning activities that promote active investigation, discussion, and conceptual connections. This classroom action research examined the use of the Group Investigation (GI) cooperative learning model to improve Grade 10 students’ classroom engagement and conceptual understanding of biodiversity, as assessed through Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions based on the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy. The study involved …

Readiness Of Biology Teachers In West Palu District In Implementing The Deep Learning Approach In The Merdeka Curriculum, Mutia Mutia, Gamar Shamdas, Hayyatun Mawaddah, Rafiqa Rafiqa, Raya Agni, Musdalifah Nurdin

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aimed to examine the readiness of biology teachers in West Palu District to implement the deep learning approach within the Merdeka Curriculum and to identify factors associated with their readiness. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires and interviews. The study involved all six biology teachers who were actively teaching at senior high schools in West Palu District. Teacher readiness was examined across cognitive, mental, and physical dimensions. The results indicated that the teachers were generally ready to very ready to implement the deep learning approach. Cognitive readiness was particularly high, with 60% of …

The Effect Of The Problem-Based Learning Model On Biology Learning Outcomes In The 8th Grade Science Class At Smp Negeri 19 Palu, Delfi Srieviyani, Mursito S. Bialangi, Masrianih Masrianih, Abd Hakim Laenggeng, Vita Indri Febriani, Bustamin Bustamin

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Research background: The low student achievement in biology at SMP Negeri 19 Palu specifically regarding the human respiratory system is attributed to the conventional teaching methods still employed by teachers. Purpose and scope of the article: This study examines the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ learning outcomes in biology, specifically regarding the human respiratory system. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative approach. The research design employed was a nonequivalent control group design using two groups: an experimental group (Class VIII D) consisting of 25 students who received the PBL model, and a …

Preliminary Evidence Of Systems Thinking Skills In Gamelan-Based Ethnoscience Booklet-Integrated Collaborative Problem Solving, Ayu Nuryani Aprilia, Suciati Suciati

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Students’ systems thinking skills (STS) can be difficult to develop when science learning provides limited opportunities to connect relationships among system components with contextual phenomena. Integrating local wisdom into learning materials, such as a gamelan-based ethnoscience booklet, may provide a meaningful context for developing these skills. This study aimed to compare students’ STS performance, adjusted for pretest scores, between a class receiving Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) instruction integrated with a gamelan-based ethnoscience booklet and a class receiving CPS instruction alone. This quantitative study employed a pretest–posttest control group design with class-level random allocation of treatment and involved 56 Grade VIII …

Technical Specification: Solid-State Planar Harmonic Confinement Core, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification details the structural implementation parameters for replacing the high-inductance, cryogenically cooled magnetic confinement loops of traditional thermonuclear architectures with an ambient-temperature, solid-state Harmonic Wave Confinement Core.

By compiling non-linear fluid solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes regularity framework (SPEC-091)directly into specialized Gallium Nitride (GaN) interdigital transceiver arrays, this architecture utilizes high-frequency spatial-harmonic pressure fields to isolate high-energy plasma within a stable Gor'kov potential well.

We address historical limitations in structural boundary containment by integrating embedded 3D Photoemission Orbital Tomography (3D-POT) real-time wavefront feedback loops with custom asymmetric, asynchronous Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) hardware routing controllers and explicit covalent valence-shell …

The Currency That Cannot Be Spent Alone: Co-Presence-Gated Redemption And The Chronicle↔Treasury Unification Circuit — Time-Banking Credits Redeemable Only At A Synchronous, Mutually Attested Meeting Of Both Parties, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

In the disclosed time-banking system, a credit (a pledged hour, issued as thanks between two named persons) has one redemption form: a synchronous meeting both parties attend, in person or by live audio or video call, with shared attention face to face or side by side on a shared task. Recorded messages may carry an invitation but cannot redeem a credit, so absentee service cannot be expressed. Both parties confirm delivery, corroborated by device proximity or the live session; an in-person exchange of public-key fingerprints, as at a key-signing party, is described as one candidate corroboration path that may admit …

Before Launch: A Design-Stage Systems Engineering Doctrine For Autonomous Artificial Intelligence, Volodymyr Kotegov

Defensive Publications Series

This study presents a systems-engineering framework for the development, verification, qualification, and eventual authorization of increasingly capable autonomous AI systems. The doctrine addresses a central engineering problem: how to permit capability growth without allowing assurance, evidence, or authority mechanisms to become obsolete as the system changes.

The framework separates design specification from empirical evidence and distinguishes qualification, authorization, and runtime states. It establishes an assurance chain linking requirements, claims, verification activities, evidence, status transitions, and authority consequences. Core mechanisms include Verifiable Trust, Graduated Verifiable Autonomy Architecture, Bounded-Risk Agility Architecture, local multi-scale control, preserved behavioral baselines, capability-jump controls, mechanistic verification, independent …

The Game That Graduates You: A Witness Api For Children's Games And Education — A Permission-Scoped Game Api Without Payment Authority, Parental-Consent Family Content As Curriculum, And Course Completion As The Success Metric For Educational Apps, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We describe a permission-scoped third-party API architecture for children's educational games and learning apps. A game client may propose real-world tasks to a child, styled in the game's fiction from real household context, and may receive a minimal completion notification when a family member witnesses the act; it can never hold payment, transfer, balance or reward-issuing scopes, so task completion issues no currency or points, and any reward is a human-initiated acknowledgment through the family's own ledger app. Parents approve which apps may propose to each child, revocably and default-off. With per-item parental consent and on-device processing, the family's own …

The Principle Of A Unified Field Invariance In Astrophysics, Peter Stevenson

Defensive Publications Series

This paper presents a fresh approach to  cosmology in that all aspects are different representations of the same State. This identifies a non-linear, non-transactional framework for topological field mechanics, introducing a universal invariant state descriptor, S. We challenge the traditional compartmentalization of fluid dynamics, gravitation, and thermodynamics into independent subgroups, demonstrating that they are localized, downstream resultant effects of a single field configuration.

Fleet-Based Autonomous Remediation Using A Vectorized State-Action Map, Jason Schissel, Piotr Milian, Nicholaus Jackson

Defensive Publications Series

Computing devices in offline or low-trust states may be inaccessible to remote diagnostic and support tools, which can hinder the remediation of operational issues that cause a disconnected state. On-device agents may represent an anomalous system condition as a problem state vector and a corresponding fix as a solution action vector. These vector pairs can be transmitted from a fleet of devices, such as smartphones, laptops, or internet of things devices, to a central repository. A repository can aggregate the vector pairs, apply analytical techniques such as clustering to identify common failure patterns, and build a global state-action map representing …

Evaluation Of Carcinogenic Contaminants (Nitrates, Ammonium, Bromates, And Chloroform) In Baghdad Drinking Water And Their Removal Using Orange Peel Powder As A Bio Sorbent, Estabraq Ali Hameed, Hiba N. Sami, Eman Waleed Hayder

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The present study was carried out for six months to detect the presence of some important chemical contaminants (bromate, nitrate, chloroform, and ammonium) in the drinking water of Baghdad at ten sampling sites. The study suggested the use of orange peel powder (OPP) as a cheap and eco-friendly biosorbent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the amorphous nature, surface and structural characteristics of OPP. Further, SEM investigation also showed very microporous surface. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy) analysis confirmed the presence of active carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) binding sites. Baseline studies show that the levels of nitrate and …

Servingness In Solidarity: How Filipina/X/O American Student Organizations Cultivate Belonging, Clarissa Mae Lico Calimbas

Dissertations

Filipina/x/o American college students represent one of the largest Asian ethnic subgroups in the United States, yet their educational experiences remain underexamined within institutional research and higher education scholarship. Aggregated under the broader Asian American category, Filipina/x/o American students are rendered invisible by data practices that obscure the distinct colonial histories, socioeconomic realities, and identity negotiations. This qualitative study examined how Filipina/x/o American students at Pacific State University (PSU) describe their involvement in Filipina/x/o American Student Organizations (FASOs) and how that involvement shapes their sense of belonging, cultural identity development, and academic persistence. Guided by a critical race phenomenological framework …

Perspectives Of Trauma Among Licensed Trauma Therapists: A Concept Mapping Study, Sean W. Bullock

Master's Theses

To address gaps between research and psychotherapeutic intervention for trauma and trauma-related issues, the current study elicited and analyzed the perspectives of licensed trauma therapists via a concept mapping process. A literature review was conducted to explore the history and limitations of trauma’s current medical use as outlined by Criterion A of posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5-TR. To answer the research question regarding how practitioners understand trauma, the researcher recruited licensed trauma therapists (n = 17) to participate in concept mapping. Participants generated 126 unique statements, which they then sorted based on similarity and rated individually on importance. Hierarchical …