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2026

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Smoothing Smartphone Gps Raw Measurements, Tariq Ataiwe, Abbas Khalaf, Israa Mohammed Aug 2026

Smoothing Smartphone Gps Raw Measurements, Tariq Ataiwe, Abbas Khalaf, Israa Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

This  research aims  to  investigate  the  smoothing  of  the  pseudo-range raw  measurements  of  the  smartphone  using  a  Hatch  filter.  The  measurements  of  smartphones  suffer  from  high  noise  generated  from  low-cost  antennas  and  oscillators, which are designed to work in a certain way. These types of low-cost antennas  and  oscillators  are  entirely different  from  geodetic  instruments,  which  are  designed  for  high  accuracy  positioning.  The  GPS  measurement  data  were  collected   using   a   Huawei   P10   device,   41   minutes   and   24   seconds   GPS   observation  time  with  sampling  intervals  of  1  second  using  Geo++  Android  application.  The  GPS  measurements  are  processed  using  standalone  (epoch  by …

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Complex Surface Representation And Machining Time Estimation Upon Three Types Of End Mill Cutter, Rasha Marzoog, Ahmed A. Alduroobi Alduroobi, Sawsan Al-Zubaidy Aug 2026

Complex Surface Representation And Machining Time Estimation Upon Three Types Of End Mill Cutter, Rasha Marzoog, Ahmed A. Alduroobi Alduroobi, Sawsan Al-Zubaidy

Engineering and Technology Journal

The accuracy of data transition between CAD and CAM has been playing a great role in the product life cycle, and eventually, the product quality. As products complexity increased, the need to robust technique to data transition increased. On the other hand, Machining simulation facilitates deciding the process parameters. The aim of the present research is divided into two aims: first: building a free form surface and transforming its data accurately from CAD to CAM without any distortion. Second: study the milling process using different end cutters geometry and make a comparison between those in terms of machining time at …

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Vacuum Effect On The Performance Of Solar Air Collector With Micro-Channel Absorber Plate, Jalal Jalil, Nashwa A.Abdulkadhim Abdulkadhim Aug 2026

Vacuum Effect On The Performance Of Solar Air Collector With Micro-Channel Absorber Plate, Jalal Jalil, Nashwa A.Abdulkadhim Abdulkadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, the effect of vacuum with micro-channel techniqueon solar air collector performance is investigated experimentally. Vacuumspace reduces the loss of heat for the absorption plate by conduction andthus improves the solar collector performance. It has been demonstratedthat the solar collector is evacuated to 0.1 bar of pressure for absorber-tocover spacing of 4cm. An absorber plate was manufactured from Aluminummetal with 30 rectangular micro-channels (length 0.9, width 0.004, height0.0008 m) is constructed with measurements facilities of velocity,temperature and differential pressure. The tests are carried out indoor usingsolar simulator. Results showed that the performance of solar collectorincreases with vacuum about …

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Effect Of Radial Clearance On Stress And Strain Distribution In The Astral Deep Drawing, Waleed Jawad, Ali Ikal Aug 2026

Effect Of Radial Clearance On Stress And Strain Distribution In The Astral Deep Drawing, Waleed Jawad, Ali Ikal

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, an astral die was designed and constructed to produce anastral cup in the deep drawing operation by experimental work and numericalsimulation. The influence of radial clearance on drawing load, cup high, thedistribution of stress, strain and thickness along the side wall, minor and majoraxis were also studied. The deep drawing process was carried out to produce anastral cup with an inner dimension of (41.5mm × 34.69mm), and (30mm) heightdrawn from a blank sheet with a thickness of (0.7) and diameter (80) made of lowcarbon steel. A commercial program (ANSYS18.0) was used to perform thenumerical simulation. Three types …

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A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection And Isolationsystem For Dc Motor Of Robot Manipulator, Arkan Jassim, Abbas Issa, Qusay Jawad Aug 2026

A Hybrid Neural-Fuzzy Network Based Fault Detection And Isolationsystem For Dc Motor Of Robot Manipulator, Arkan Jassim, Abbas Issa, Qusay Jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the detecting and isolating fault that occurs in (actuator and sensor) in robot manipulator, which is used as a mathematical model were proposed for fault detection, where the neural network was used to detect the fault. The neural network was trained on the data set obtained from the Input/output on the (DC motor).The output of the sensor or actuator was compared with the output of the model (neural network) after that the residual signal is used to detect the fault. The fuzzy logic circuit was used for fault isolation that is depending on the residual signal from …

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Enhanced Solution Of Inverse Kinematics For Redundant Robot Manipulator Using Pso, Hind Khaleel Aug 2026

Enhanced Solution Of Inverse Kinematics For Redundant Robot Manipulator Using Pso, Hind Khaleel

Engineering and Technology Journal

Kinematics of the robot is divided into two parts: the forwardkinematics, which evaluates the end-effector’s position from joint angles, and theinverse kinematics, which demonstrates the joint angles from the end-effector'sposition. The solution of the inverse kinematics problem is too difficult andcomplicated for the redundant robot arm manipulator. A Particle SwarmOptimization (PSO) algorithm is an effective method to solve global optimizationproblems. This paper presents the solution of inverse kinematics problem of athree-link redundant manipulator robot arm using PSO without using the inversekinematics equations. The circle, square and triangle generated trajectories usingPSO are enhanced as compared with the trajectories of other works. …

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Investigation Of External And Internal Inversion For Aluminum Tube With Various Die Parameters Effect, Basim Fadhil, Ava Kamal Aug 2026

Investigation Of External And Internal Inversion For Aluminum Tube With Various Die Parameters Effect, Basim Fadhil, Ava Kamal

Engineering and Technology Journal

Finite element modeling has been conducted to investigate theeffect of die radius fillet, tube wall thickness, and friction coefficient on bothexternal and internal inversion forthealuminum tube. A 3D model was usedto build the contact pair for the aluminum tube and the steeldie. Due to theaxial symmetry, a 45osector for the contact pair has been chosen. It has beenfound that there is an important role for those parameters to govern theinversion process and the mode of deformation beside the value of theapplied force. No local buckling was seen in the external inversion incontrast with internal inversion. A good correlation for current …

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A Group Authentication Protocol On Multilayer Structure For Privacy-Preserving Iot Environment, Maytham Azhar, Amin Seno Aug 2026

A Group Authentication Protocol On Multilayer Structure For Privacy-Preserving Iot Environment, Maytham Azhar, Amin Seno

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the Internet of Things (IoT) systems, large amounts of data are accumulated from anywhere at any time, which may attack individuals' privacy, especially when systems are utilized in medical and everyday environments. With the promise of IoT's proactive systems, the integration of smart things into standard Internet creates several security challenges, because most Internet technologies, communication protocols and sensors are not designed to support IoT. Recent research studies have shown that launching security / privacy attacks against IoT active systems, in particular, Wearable Medical Sensor (WMS) systems, may lead to catastrophic situations and life-threatening conditions. Therefore, security threats and …

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Removal Oil From Produced Water By Using Adsorption Method With Adsorbent A Papyrus Reeds, Firas Al-Zuhairi, Rana Azeez, Suhair Mahdi, Wafaa Kadhim Kadhim, Muna Al-Naamee Aug 2026

Removal Oil From Produced Water By Using Adsorption Method With Adsorbent A Papyrus Reeds, Firas Al-Zuhairi, Rana Azeez, Suhair Mahdi, Wafaa Kadhim Kadhim, Muna Al-Naamee

Engineering and Technology Journal

A papyrus reed, as a type of unusable farming waste, was used as akind of low-cost biosorbent for the elimination a crude oil from produced waterthat was produced in an Al-Ahdab field, Iraq, in a batch stirred operationmode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) were used to characterize the biosorbent before and afteradsorption. Batch tests were employed as a function of the contact time,adsorbent dose, and the pH of the solution. The experimental results show atincreases the amount adsorbent dosage, pH and contact times, the removalefficiencies were increases and optimum condition was obtained at pH valueequal to …

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Rules For Managing Methods Of Implementation And Evaluation Of Graduation Projects In Engineering Departments, Fatimah Naser, Maryam Naser Aug 2026

Rules For Managing Methods Of Implementation And Evaluation Of Graduation Projects In Engineering Departments, Fatimah Naser, Maryam Naser

Engineering and Technology Journal

Graduation projects are the final product of what university students have acquired from the sciences and knowledge during their academic period of study during the academic years, which range in most Iraqi universities between 4 to 5 years in engineering colleges. In the last year during which the student to implement the engineering graduation project, which begins by choosing the subject or problem that will be dealt with as a research title and ends with the development of all stages of implementation. And the importance of graduation projects for students of engineering departments to study the bachelor's degree and the …

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Measurement Of Student Outcomes Attainment For Abet Accreditation In Electromechanical Engineering Department In Uot, Jalal Jalil Aug 2026

Measurement Of Student Outcomes Attainment For Abet Accreditation In Electromechanical Engineering Department In Uot, Jalal Jalil

Engineering and Technology Journal

Student outcomes attainment represents the core of the ABET accreditation. In this paper, a details of the four years’ work in Energy and Renewable Energy Program in Electromechanical Engineering Department in University of Technology was demonstrated, concentrating on the process of student outcomes attainment measurement. The attainment of student outcomes represents a challenge in all programs in Iraqi Universities. The process monitored by ABET Foundation expertise through IREX and they approved that the process reached right route although the degree of attainment needs more work in the coming years to reach accreditation level.

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Code Of Conduct Of Final Year Projects In Engineering Disciplines, Fawzi Al-Naima Aug 2026

Code Of Conduct Of Final Year Projects In Engineering Disciplines, Fawzi Al-Naima

Engineering and Technology Journal

The importance of the management and implementation of graduation projects lies in the fact that this activity constitutes one of the main pillars of the undergraduate academic curricula in most scientific or literary disciplines. In engineering studies, for example, the weight of the graduation project within the curriculum is estimated at 25% for the year of graduation and about 8% of the total weight of the first university degree in most universities in the developed countries. In this context, this paper suggests specific steps for conducting this work and the allocation of responsibilities in the management of this scientific activity. …

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Study The Effect Of Apply The Problem Based Learning In Engineering Education, Raed Hwayyin, Azhar Ameed Aug 2026

Study The Effect Of Apply The Problem Based Learning In Engineering Education, Raed Hwayyin, Azhar Ameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The study examined the effect of application of the problem-based learning method of teaching engineering students in the Department of Petroleum Technology compared to traditional teaching methods (lecture). The problem-based learning method involved a number of assessments and exams that students individually and collectively performed. The study investigates the first class students of petroleum technology department of two subjects which are the calculus and engineering practice subjects. The study is use the statistical calculations to compare between applying the problem based learning and tradition method “lecture method” in engineering education, and taking into consideration the individual differences between students to …

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Different Levels Of Engineering Education (Ee): Needs And Applications, Ameen Al-Juboori, Aws Al-Akam, Amir Saud Aug 2026

Different Levels Of Engineering Education (Ee): Needs And Applications, Ameen Al-Juboori, Aws Al-Akam, Amir Saud

Engineering and Technology Journal

Engineering education is often described as being constructivist, suggesting that learning involves constructing an understanding of several components. There is a commonly used series of levels of learning. It is most frequently presented in terms of six levels of understanding. Every learner has to follow these levels. However, the impact of these levels may vary from one learner to another. This paper study the impact of one different level of Engineering Education (EE) on the different background of learners. Furthermore, it investigates the problems that face EE in Iraq and offers several solutions. This work is the first step to …

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Assessing The Level Of Reflective Thinking In Engineering Teachers During The Process Of Research Action, Raudhah Ali, Abdulhadi Al-Saady, Najah Al Maimuri Aug 2026

Assessing The Level Of Reflective Thinking In Engineering Teachers During The Process Of Research Action, Raudhah Ali, Abdulhadi Al-Saady, Najah Al Maimuri

Engineering and Technology Journal

A hydrogeologic study has been adopted to conceptualize the concepts of groundwater levels lowering in swamped area of Tyass, middle of Iraq. 2D dimensional groundwater model and, mitigation model have been used to mitigate the aquifer against high salinity and chemical pollutants by the mitigation theory of heterogeneous subsurface media which basically depends upon physical and mathematical derivation, evaluation of chemical pollutants and total dissolved salts (TDS) of subsurface water before and after mitigation process. The water table level was lowered up to 2.43m at the center of a pumping well of abstraction discharge (400m3/day) obtained after 2755days in steady …

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E-Learning Applications In Engineering And The Project-Based Learning Vs Problem-Based Learning Styles: A Critical & Comparative Study, Hatim Abood Aug 2026

E-Learning Applications In Engineering And The Project-Based Learning Vs Problem-Based Learning Styles: A Critical & Comparative Study, Hatim Abood

Engineering and Technology Journal

The paper aims to critically review the learning styles and teaching methods of engineering curricula and to compare it with the requirements of engineering profession. Present engineers need to response effectively to the increasingly complex systems. The engineer has to deal with vector and scaler quantities, complex numbers, imaginary parts, electromagnetic fields, and complex constructions are designed and implemented in 3-Dimensions environment. This should be reflected in engineering education styles, where lecturers try to convey many aspects of complex systems. The purpose of engineering education is that to graduate engineers who can design and solve technical problems, and that design …

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Mapping Lclu Using Python Scripting, Oday Jasim, Khalid Hasoon, Noor Sadiqe Aug 2026

Mapping Lclu Using Python Scripting, Oday Jasim, Khalid Hasoon, Noor Sadiqe

Engineering and Technology Journal

Land cover land use changes constantly with the time at local, regional, and global scales, therefore, remote sensing provides wide, and broad information for quantifying the location, extent, and variability of change; the reason and processes of change; and the responses to and consequences of change. And considering to the importance of mapping of (LCLU). For that reason this study will focus on the problems arising from the traditional classification (LCLU) that based on spatial resolution only which leads to prediction a thematic map with noisy classes, and using a new method that depend on spectral and spatial resolution to …

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Hydrogeologic Sustainability And Mitigation Of Shallow Groundwater Against High Saline And Chemical Pollutants, Najah Al Maimuri, Arkan Ali, Abdulhadi Al-Sa’Adi, Mohammed Abed Abed Aug 2026

Hydrogeologic Sustainability And Mitigation Of Shallow Groundwater Against High Saline And Chemical Pollutants, Najah Al Maimuri, Arkan Ali, Abdulhadi Al-Sa’Adi, Mohammed Abed Abed

Engineering and Technology Journal

A hydrogeologic study has been adopted to conceptualize the concepts of groundwater levels lowering in swamped area of Tyass, middle of Iraq. 2D dimensional groundwater model and, mitigation model has been used to mitigate the aquifer against high salinity and chemical pollutants by the mitigation theory of heterogeneous subsurface media, which depends upon physical and mathematical derivation, evaluation of chemical pollutants and total dissolved salts (TDS) of subsurface water before and after mitigation process. The water table level was lowered up to 2.43m at the center of a pumping well of abstraction discharge (400m3/day) obtained after 2755days in steady state. …

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A Modified Matrices Approach In Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm, Abdul Monem Rahma, Atheer Abbas Aug 2026

A Modified Matrices Approach In Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm, Abdul Monem Rahma, Atheer Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

The cryptographic algorithms became the main proceeding for protection of very important data from unauthorized access. There are several cryptographic algorithms to ensure the data, but algorithms must be selected according to speed, strength and the implementation. Thus, choosing the advance encryption standard (AES) for encryption and decryption data because its speed and strength of encryption, flexible, complex processing and its resistance to Brute-force attack. This paper presents enhancement of the AES algorithm to increase the security of the encrypted documents by using different sizes data matrices based on multiple irreducible polynomials with order 2, 4, and 8. The proposed …

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Security Improve In Zigbee Protocol Based On Rsa Public Algorithm In Wsn, Nabaa Hasan, Alaa Farhan Aug 2026

Security Improve In Zigbee Protocol Based On Rsa Public Algorithm In Wsn, Nabaa Hasan, Alaa Farhan

Engineering and Technology Journal

ZigBee is consuming low energy and providing the protection in Wireless Sensor Networks. ZigBee pro is supporting most applications. In spite of improved the security, ZigBee pro weak in key administration. In this paper, we depend on Logistic Map Diffie Hellman (LMDH) and SubMAC for Wireless Sensor Networks by ZigBee. In addition, we will improve the security in ZigBee by using the Rivest-ShamirAdleman (RSA) algorithm instead of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). LMDH used for improved key administration schema (protect key distribution) and SubMAC used for providing authentication and prevented Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) and Replay attacks, LMHD did not provide this service, …

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Design Of N-Bit Adder Without Applying Binary To Quaternary Conversion, Walaa Khalaf, Dhafer Zaghar, Kadhum Al-Majdi Aug 2026

Design Of N-Bit Adder Without Applying Binary To Quaternary Conversion, Walaa Khalaf, Dhafer Zaghar, Kadhum Al-Majdi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Microprocessor has been considered as most important part in ICs manufacturing and making progress since more than 50 years, so increasing microprocessor speed is paid attention in all technologies. ALU is known as the slowest part in microprocessor because of the ripple carry, nowadays microprocessor uses 8-uints as pipeline, each one has 8-bits for implementing 64-bit, working in this form has been captured the microprocessor development and limited its speed for all its computations. Parallel processing and high speed ICs always trying to increase this speed but unfortunately it remains limited. The contemporary solution for increasing microprocessors speed is the …

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Geochemical Evaluation Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, And Mn) In Sediment Of Shatt Al-Basrah, Iraq, Zahraa Al-Janabi, Shahed Zaki, Jinnan Alhassany, Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy Al-Obaidy, Eman. Awad, Afrah Maktoof Aug 2026

Geochemical Evaluation Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, And Mn) In Sediment Of Shatt Al-Basrah, Iraq, Zahraa Al-Janabi, Shahed Zaki, Jinnan Alhassany, Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy Al-Obaidy, Eman. Awad, Afrah Maktoof

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, the sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah canal, was evaluated to illustrate the distribution of 4 heavy metals Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn in sediments collected from 5 sites. The assessment of heavy metals was conducted using three indices; the geoaccumulation index (I-geo), the enrichment factor (E.F.) and Pollution Index (PI). According to I-geo, the sediments collected from all sampling locations were unpolluted by Cd, Cr and Fe, where their values are less than 0 (<0), except Mn ranged between 0.98 to 1.37, the Igeo values for Mn show that sediments of Shatt Al-Basrah are unpolluted to moderately polluted for all sampling locations. Based on The enrichment factor, the sediment of Shatt Al-Basrah canal are classified as followed; significant enrichment for Cd, moderate enrichment to significant enrichment for Cr and deficiency to minimal enrichment for Mn. PI, which is based on individual metal Concentrations, shows that all sampling sites have no pollution effect for Cd, Cr and Mn, except Fe, which cause Slightly pollution affect in all site.

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Optical And Thermal Characterizations Of Pmma Composites, Raghad Al-Khafaji, Kareem Jasim, Adil Ibraheim Aug 2026

Optical And Thermal Characterizations Of Pmma Composites, Raghad Al-Khafaji, Kareem Jasim, Adil Ibraheim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Thick composite films were prepared employing hand – layup method . A definite quantity of PMMA ( 98%wt ) , fixed content ( 2% wt ) of rutile titanium dioxide TiO2 , gamma alumina ( ᵞ- Al2O3 ) and Zirconia powder ( ZrO2 ) , were added to polymer solution gradually and separately. Optical constants were obtained of the prepared samples using spectrometer (UV- VIS). The prepared composite samples were thermally characterized by differential scanning calorimeter ( DSC ). We notice increasing value of glass temperature and differential heat capacity ( ∆Cp ) for composites compared with pure PMMA .

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Modeling The Plasma Frequency For F2-Region Using Modified Chapman Function And Nequick2 Model Over Different Geographical Locations And Months, Ali Nima Aug 2026

Modeling The Plasma Frequency For F2-Region Using Modified Chapman Function And Nequick2 Model Over Different Geographical Locations And Months, Ali Nima

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study aims to modeling the plasma frequency profile of the F2 region as a function of geographical location and month of the y ear. The most important model and function used are Chapman function and NeQuick 2 model which have been defined both by exponential function. These models need some ionospheric parameters such as the critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2), maximum peak height (hmF2), semi thickness (ymF2), and the M factor (M (3000) F2). The results of these models are compared with the results of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. For north hemisphere, the results of Chapman …

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Weak Convergence Of Two Iteration Schemes In Banach Spaces, Salwa Abed, Zahraa Mohamed Hasan Aug 2026

Weak Convergence Of Two Iteration Schemes In Banach Spaces, Salwa Abed, Zahraa Mohamed Hasan

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, we established weak convergence theorems by using appropriate conditions for approximating common fixed points and equivalence between the convergence of the Picard-Mann iteration scheme and Liu et al iteration scheme in Banach spaces. As well as, numerical examples are given to show that Picard-Mann is faster than Liu et al iteration schemes.

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Optimal Location And Parameter Setting Of Statcom Device Based Pso For Iraqi Grid Voltage Profile Enhancement And Power Losses Minimizing, Rashid Al-Rubayi, Mohammed Eesee Aug 2026

Optimal Location And Parameter Setting Of Statcom Device Based Pso For Iraqi Grid Voltage Profile Enhancement And Power Losses Minimizing, Rashid Al-Rubayi, Mohammed Eesee

Engineering and Technology Journal

The main goal of this work is to enhance the Voltage stability by using optimum location and parameters setting of STATCOM device. The parameters are the magnitude of the output voltage ������ and the angle ������, these parameters are taken to control the device performance. The simulation results have been done by using power flow program solution by Newton-Raphson method (Matlab program / M-file) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique, for power losses minimizing and improving voltage profile. Two systems have been implemented:- IEEE 5-bus test system and Iraqi (400 kV) National super Grid System 27-bus. The MATLAB programs are …

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Dynamic Study Of Carbon Dioxide Absorption Using Promoted Absorbent In Bubble Column Reactor, Safa Al-Naimi, Farah Jasim, Ahmed Kokaz Aug 2026

Dynamic Study Of Carbon Dioxide Absorption Using Promoted Absorbent In Bubble Column Reactor, Safa Al-Naimi, Farah Jasim, Ahmed Kokaz

Engineering and Technology Journal

The most common process to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas and the flue gasses is absorption into suitable solvents. Absorption of carbon dioxide are studied experimentally in this work using bubble column reactor (glass cylindrical (QVF) of 7.5 cm i.d. × 140 cm height), where different types of absorbent (30%MEA, 30%K2CO3), promoter types (organic(piperazine)and inorganic(amino acids)) and concentrations were examined over a wide range of gas flow rate cover homogeneous to transition flow regime at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the dissolved gas undergoes a pseudo-first order reaction, and the optimum superficial velocity of gas …

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Thermodynamic And Kinetic Investigation Of Desalination By Refrigerant Clathrate Hydrate Formation, Shurooq Al-Hemeri, Riyadh Al-Mukhtar, Lina Mahmood Aug 2026

Thermodynamic And Kinetic Investigation Of Desalination By Refrigerant Clathrate Hydrate Formation, Shurooq Al-Hemeri, Riyadh Al-Mukhtar, Lina Mahmood

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gas hydrate is a crystalline solid compound form of water with hydrophobic gas at certain conditions (pressure and temperature). The hydrogen bond in water molecules constructs a framework as a host that entraps gas molecules (gust). Gas hydrate can be applied to many industries such as gas separation, cool storage, food concentration and desalination. Hydrate route looks a promising alternative technology compared to the conventional process, by utilizing a proper gas host, which can be held within water cavities composed by hydrogen-bonded water molecules. In this study the selected host gas was Refrigerant R134a, the work consists of an experimental …

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Properties Of Fuzzy Closed Linear Operator, Jehad Kider, Noor Kadhum Aug 2026

Properties Of Fuzzy Closed Linear Operator, Jehad Kider, Noor Kadhum

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper we recall the definition of fuzzy norm of a fuzzy bounded linear operator and the fuzzy convergence of sequence of fuzzy bounded linear operators in order to prove the uniform fuzzy bounded theorem and fuzzy open mapping theorem. The definition of fuzzy closed linear operators on fuzzy normed spaces is introduced in order to prove the fuzzy closed graph theorem.

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A Comparative Investigation On Mechanical Properties Of Various Fibers Reinforced Concrete, Ahmed Al-Ghaban, Hussein Jaber, Aya Shaher Aug 2026

A Comparative Investigation On Mechanical Properties Of Various Fibers Reinforced Concrete, Ahmed Al-Ghaban, Hussein Jaber, Aya Shaher

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present work presents an investigation the effect of adding various fiber materials such as (glass, nylon, and carbon) into the concrete mix for inspecting and compare the mechanical properties of different fibers reinforced concrete. Two different fiber length states of (short=3cm and long=10cm) are used in this work. The concrete of ordinary Portland cement of (1:1.5:3), (cement: sand: gravel), were mixed with each of the fiber materials at four different weight percentages (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2) wt% per cement content. Compressive strength and flexural strength were experimentally investigated of different fibers reinforced concrete specimens after curing for 28 …

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