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2026

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Reinventing Islamic Pilgrimage In Jogokariyan Mosque, Indonesia, Ahmad Izudin Jan 2026

Reinventing Islamic Pilgrimage In Jogokariyan Mosque, Indonesia, Ahmad Izudin

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Indonesian Muslims have a longstanding tradition of visiting holy sites as part of Islamic pilgrimages. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in mosques as popular destinations for spiritual journeys and meditation. This shift could potentially impact local communities and may lead to the development of new pilgrimage routes within the context of spiritual exploration. However, this paper examines the Jogokariyan Mosque in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which has become a significant stop on the Islamic pilgrimage route. The author utilises a case study approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study highlights that a mosque, as the material objective …

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Grave Pilgrimage: The Interface Of Islam And Local Tradition In Indonesia, Nikmatullah Nikmatullah Jan 2026

Grave Pilgrimage: The Interface Of Islam And Local Tradition In Indonesia, Nikmatullah Nikmatullah

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Grave pilgrimage is one of the important traditions for Indonesian Muslim communities, which is not only influenced by religious teachings but also influenced by local traditions. The harmonisation between Islam and local Sasak traditions forms the Sasak Islamic tradition practiced by the natives of Lombok Island. This article explains the motivations, meanings, rituals, and processions which pilgrims perform and the relationship between Islamic teachings and local traditions in the pilgrimage to the graves of Ulemas (Islamic scholars). To achieve this goal, the data of this qualitative research were obtained through observations, interviews, and online media to obtain in-depth data. The …

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Emotional Regulation Strategies Used By Indonesian Teachers In Thailand: Descriptive Qualitative Study, Didit Haryadi, Jeffrey Dawala Wilang Jan 2026

Emotional Regulation Strategies Used By Indonesian Teachers In Thailand: Descriptive Qualitative Study, Didit Haryadi, Jeffrey Dawala Wilang

The Qualitative Report

The significance of this study is to explore insights into the emotions experienced by Indonesian English teachers in Thailand, highlighting their emotional journeys and the emotion regulation strategies they use. Ten Indonesian English teachers from diverse elementary and secondary schools across Thailand voluntarily participated in this qualitative research. Through semi-structured interviews, the collected data were analyzed deductively, applying Richards' (2020) framework to examine teacher emotions and Gross' (1998) framework to analyze emotion regulation strategies. The findings reveal a wide range of emotions, including happiness, pride, anger, confusion, loneliness, and mixed emotions. Notably, emotion regulation strategies, situation modification, and response modulation …

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An Empirical Analysis Of Cooperation Among Muslim Countries: The Case Of Indonesia-Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement, M Jaenudin, Emil Haraki, Aam Slamet Rusydiana Jan 2026

An Empirical Analysis Of Cooperation Among Muslim Countries: The Case Of Indonesia-Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement, M Jaenudin, Emil Haraki, Aam Slamet Rusydiana

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This study evaluates the impact of the Indonesia–Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (IPPTA) on bilateral trade using the gravity model of international trade. Annual time series data from 1990 to 2023 are analysed through unit root testing, bounds testing, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation to examine both short- and long-run effects. The model includes four variables: bilateral trade, GDP of Indonesia and Pakistan, geographical distance, and a dummy variable for IPPTA to compare trade performance before and after the agreement’s implementation. The results indicate that Indonesia’s GDP has a positive and statistically significant impact on bilateral trade in both the …

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Conundrums In The Realization Of Healthcare And Education Through Waqf In Nigeria, Isa Olawale Solahudeen Jan 2026

Conundrums In The Realization Of Healthcare And Education Through Waqf In Nigeria, Isa Olawale Solahudeen

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 4 emphasize the importance of good health and quality education, respectively. However, based on available progress report released by Nigerian government, implementations of SDGs 3 (Good Health) and 4 (Quality Education) in the country were not promising. The unpleasant situation requires collaborative efforts of private sector. Meanwhile, waqf, an Islamic philanthropic instrument, has the potential to contribute significantly to the realization of these goals in Nigeria. Several conundrums hinder the effective utilization of waqf for healthcare and education. This paper identifies and examines some challenges ranging from lack of awareness, parochialism, religious …

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Investigating Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction To Boost Islamic Mobile Banking Adoption In Indonesia, Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, Mohamad Anton Athaillah, Yadi Janwari, Asti Meiza Jan 2026

Investigating Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction To Boost Islamic Mobile Banking Adoption In Indonesia, Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, Mohamad Anton Athaillah, Yadi Janwari, Asti Meiza

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of Islamic Mobile Banking (IMB) in Indonesia, focusing on technological, innovative, reputational, and Sharīʿah compliance dimensions. Using a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), data were collected from 312 IMB users to assess both direct and mediating relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness, firm reputation, innovation, and Sharīʿah compliance significantly and positively influence customer satisfaction, with Sharīʿah compliance emerging as the most dominant factor. Conversely, ease of use, though positively associated, does not significantly affect satisfaction, suggesting that functionality, trust, and ethical conformity outweigh …

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Assessing Universal Basic Income: An Islamic Historical And Maqāṣidī Perspective, Abdulazeem Abozaid, Saqib Hafiz Khateeb Jan 2026

Assessing Universal Basic Income: An Islamic Historical And Maqāṣidī Perspective, Abdulazeem Abozaid, Saqib Hafiz Khateeb

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

The constant concern for ensuring that the basic needs of every human are met has prompted various steps with an aim to promote equality. This concern has eventually led to an increasing demand to guarantee a reasonable standard of living. Some economists have recently revisited the concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI) that has caught the interest of some governments and policy makers. This paper investigates the concept of UBI from historical, legal (Islamic), and Maqāṣidī perspectives. It traces the conceptual origins of UBI back to the Islamic society since the early Islamic history. Adopting a conceptual–analytical methodology, the paper …

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A Very Long-Term Analysis Of Cash Awqaf In Eastern Thrace: Capital, Socioeconomic Groups, And Temporal Shifts, 1544-1917, Bora Altay Jan 2026

A Very Long-Term Analysis Of Cash Awqaf In Eastern Thrace: Capital, Socioeconomic Groups, And Temporal Shifts, 1544-1917, Bora Altay

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This study examines the institutional and financial dynamics of cash Awqaf in the Eastern Thrace region of the Ottoman Empire, presenting a long-term quantitative analysis that extends beyond Istanbul. This analysis aims to clarify the evolution of capital levels, founders’ profiles, and the functions of cash Awqaf from the sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries. To address the paucity of regional data, a novel dataset encompassing cash Awqaf in Edirne, Kırklareli, and Tekirdağ from 1544–1917 was developed. The analysis integrates the longitudinal trends in waqf capital with the socioeconomic characteristics of the founders and the evolving allocation of waqf revenues. …

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Bridging Governance Gaps In Islamic Banking: Palestine And Malaysia Compared, Murad Ayesh Ali Obaid, Abdulmajid Obaid Hasan Saleh, Fahd Mohammed Obad Al-Shaghdari Jan 2026

Bridging Governance Gaps In Islamic Banking: Palestine And Malaysia Compared, Murad Ayesh Ali Obaid, Abdulmajid Obaid Hasan Saleh, Fahd Mohammed Obad Al-Shaghdari

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This study focuses on the most important governance issues that Islamic banking institutions in Palestine are experiencing and discusses what can be learnt from the Malaysian experience in helping to better govern Islamic banking institutions to improve governance efficiency, adherence to SharīÊ¿ah and regulatory oversight. Using a qualitative approach, research is based on the data collected from interviews with experts, document analysis and comparative case studies of both jurisdictions. The results indicate that lack of a centralised authority to monitor them, lack of professional expertise and the inadequate specified internal frameworks greatly constrain the effectiveness of governance in Palestinian Islamic …

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Foreign Bank Competition And Financial Stability In Dual Banking Systems: Evidence From Islamic And Conventional Banks In Indonesia, Alwahidin La Pade, Alija Avdukic, Husain Insawan, Novita Kusuma Maharani Jan 2026

Foreign Bank Competition And Financial Stability In Dual Banking Systems: Evidence From Islamic And Conventional Banks In Indonesia, Alwahidin La Pade, Alija Avdukic, Husain Insawan, Novita Kusuma Maharani

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This study investigates how foreign bank presence affects financial stability, focusing on the differences between Islamic and conventional banks operating in Indonesia. Using a fixed-effects regression model of panel data of 108 banks over ten years (18 Islamic banks and 90 conventional banks), the Z-score is the dependent variable of stability, and foreign presence is assessed through foreign bank assets (FBA) and foreign bank number (FBN). This research finds that growing foreign bank number (FBN) positively affects stability, while growing foreign bank assets (FBA) negatively affects stability in the short run. In addition, Islamic banks are more stable than conventional …

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Dialectical Techniques And Logical And Psychological Critiques In The Work Of Imam Al-Tufi: An Analytical Study Of 'Commentary On The Four Gospels And The Twelve Books' From A Jurisprudential Perspective, Dr. Reema Bint Ali Muhammad Al-Qahtani Jan 2026

Dialectical Techniques And Logical And Psychological Critiques In The Work Of Imam Al-Tufi: An Analytical Study Of 'Commentary On The Four Gospels And The Twelve Books' From A Jurisprudential Perspective, Dr. Reema Bint Ali Muhammad Al-Qahtani

UB Journal for Humanities

This study examines the dialectical methods and logical fallacies employed by Imam al-Ṭūfī in his refutation of the Christians through his work al-Taʿlīq ʿalā al-Anājīl al-Arbaʿa wa-al-Kutub al-Ithnay ʿAshar. The research seeks to identify the types of dialectical fallacies extracted by the Imam and to explain how he employed them in defending Islamic creed and refuting the claims of his opponents with a solid rational methodology, rendering his work worthy of scholarly attention from both uṣūlī (legal-theoretical) and dialectical perspectives. The study adopts an inductive method first, followed by deductive and analytical approaches. Among its key findings is that Imam …

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Ulama And Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia Government's Strategies To Navigate A Successful Economic Reform, Nashiha Ulya, Hamdan Basyar Jan 2026

Ulama And Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia Government's Strategies To Navigate A Successful Economic Reform, Nashiha Ulya, Hamdan Basyar

Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 seeks to diversify its oil-dependent economy, but scepticism persists due to past reform failures, particularly in fiscal policy and labour markets. Ulama, as key figures in the Saudi "social contract," play a vital role in legitimising government policies, especially on social and religious matters. However, reforms promoting private sector growth and social liberalisation have raised concerns among conservative ulama over potential threats to Islamic values. To address this, the government under Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) employs a strategy of separating economic and religious narratives while using a "carrot and stick" approach to manage ulama opposition. This …

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Virginia Commonwealth University Undergraduate Bulletin (2026), Virginia Commonwealth University Jan 2026

Virginia Commonwealth University Undergraduate Bulletin (2026), Virginia Commonwealth University

VCU Bulletins

Undergraduate bulletin for Virginia Commonwealth University for the academic year 2026-2027. It includes information on academic regulations, degree requirements, course offerings, faculty, academic calendar, and tuition and expenses for undergraduate programs

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Exploring Saudi Arabian Efl Teachers’ Experiences With The Flipped Classroom, Amal Bin Dlil Jan 2026

Exploring Saudi Arabian Efl Teachers’ Experiences With The Flipped Classroom, Amal Bin Dlil

Dissertations of Practice

This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of Saudi teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) who implemented the flipped classroom model in a middle school context in southern Saudi Arabia. To achieve this aim, the research questions examined teachers’ descriptions of their lived experiences and perceptions of implementing the flipped classroom strategy, as well as the contextual factors that influenced these experiences in middle school classrooms. To guide the investigation, the study was informed by Active Learning Theory and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which provided a conceptual lens for examining teachers’ experiences …

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1340–1345: Ibn Qayyim Al-Ǧawziyya On The Question Of Permanent Truce, Suleiman A. Mourad Jan 2026

1340–1345: Ibn Qayyim Al-Ǧawziyya On The Question Of Permanent Truce, Suleiman A. Mourad

Middle East Studies: Faculty Publications

This article analyses Ibn Qayyim al-Ǧawziyya’s discussion of permanent truce (al-hudna al-muṭlaqa) in his “Legal Judgements about the People of Protected Status” (Aḥkām ahl al-ḏimma). Focusing on Ibn al-Qayyim’s method and arguments, the article examines the content of a relevant section from the work, situating it within the broader discussion of “truce” in the Sunnī legal tradition. Ibn al-Qayyim manages to ground permanent truce in the Prophetic tradition. Both his argument and its justification do not conform to anything we find in Sunnī law, including Ibn al-Qayyim’s own Ḥanbalī school. The article thus underscores the creativity …

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Theology Of Moosa’S Significance In The Quran From A Unique Perspective Of A Muslim Student In The United States, Kashif J. Farooqi Jan 2026

Theology Of Moosa’S Significance In The Quran From A Unique Perspective Of A Muslim Student In The United States, Kashif J. Farooqi

CGU Theses & Dissertations

As a Muslim studying Islam in the United States of America, I want my paper to focus on the holy book of Muslims, the Quran. Specifically, my focus will be to discuss the significance of Moosa or Moses in the Quran, with a theological perspective. I will answer the following question regarding Moosa in the Quran. Is the mention of Moosa in the Quran linked to the Jewish influence on Muhammad and if not, what is the reason of Moosa being mentioned so many times in the Quran? To answer the above question, I will explore two aspects of Moosa …

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Andrews University Press 2026 Booklist, Andrews University Press Jan 2026

Andrews University Press 2026 Booklist, Andrews University Press

Booklists

No abstract provided.

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Andrews University Press 2026 Booklist, Andrews University Press Jan 2026

Andrews University Press 2026 Booklist, Andrews University Press

Booklists

No abstract provided.

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The Birth Of Afghanistan: From Ancient Persia To A Modern-Day Multiethnic And Linguistic Country, Tyler A. Worm Jan 2026

The Birth Of Afghanistan: From Ancient Persia To A Modern-Day Multiethnic And Linguistic Country, Tyler A. Worm

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis offers a comprehensive historical analysis of the formation and evolution of Afghan identity from antiquity through the early medieval period, emphasizing the region’s role as a dynamic crossroads of civilizations. It traces the origins of Afghan populations to Indo-Iranian pastoralist migrations and examines the successive influence of major imperial formations, including the Median and Achaemenid Persian empires, the conquests of Alexander and the Seleucid period, and the rise of the Kushan, Parthian, and Sasanian states. Through this longue durée approach, the study demonstrates how Afghanistan’s geographic position facilitated continuous cultural interaction, economic exchange, and political contestation, producing a …

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The Hungry Mind: Fasting, And Executive Functions In Muslim College Students Living In America, Fatima Alziyad Jan 2026

The Hungry Mind: Fasting, And Executive Functions In Muslim College Students Living In America, Fatima Alziyad

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Ramadan fasting represents a unique intersection of religious observance and academic responsibility for Muslim college students in the United States. Despite the growing Muslim student population, no U.S.-based research has examined how fasting influences executive functioning within this group. This study investigated the effects of voluntary Islamic fasting on executive functions, specifically working memory, inhibitory control, and sustained attention, using a within-subject crossover design. Muslim undergraduate and graduate students who regularly observe Sunnah fasts completed cognitive testing on one fasting day and one non-fasting day. Working memory was assessed using the 2-back task, inhibitory control using the Stroop task, and …

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Teachers Navigating Intercultural Tensions In The Cefr-Informed English Language Teaching In Indonesian Pesantren, Ahmad Madkur Jan 2026

Teachers Navigating Intercultural Tensions In The Cefr-Informed English Language Teaching In Indonesian Pesantren, Ahmad Madkur

PASAA

No abstract provided.

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Mediator: Ornament As A Visual Language Of The Transcendent, Selma Fejzullaj Jan 2026

Mediator: Ornament As A Visual Language Of The Transcendent, Selma Fejzullaj

Theses and Dissertations

Adolf Loos’s declaration that “ornament is a crime” defined modernist design, establishing a legacy that dismisses ornamentation as wasteful and regressive. This research questions that legacy by repositioning aesthetics as a divinely grounded value, inspired by the Qur’anic vision of Paradise. In this celestial realm, beauty is not wasteful but a manifestation of divine perfection. Conceptually, the project reclaims ornament as a vital tool for contemplating metaphysical themes. Materially, it reimagines glass, shifting it from modernist "radical honesty" to a medium of layered depth. Recombining traditional Islamic ornamentation practices such as Girih and Chaharbagh, the project evokes the Qur’anic vision …

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East To West: Cultural Attitudes And The Perceptions Of Death, Hannah F. Ahmed Jan 2026

East To West: Cultural Attitudes And The Perceptions Of Death, Hannah F. Ahmed

UROP Posters

Death is a universal human experience, but cultures teach people to interpret it in different ways. These interpretations influence how individuals understand dying, how they cope with loss, what support looks like, and what meaning death makes in their lives. Eastern, spiritual, and religious traditions emphasize death as a natural transition or return to divinity rather than an endpoint, and as something one must prepare for. In these contexts, people often grow up hearing stories, prayers, and teachings that situate death within a broader journey. Because of this, death becomes something familiar and speakable rather than distant or frightening (Naderi-Afif …

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Researching A New Religious Phenomenon Of The Central Asia: Digital Sufism, Bekzhan A. Azhimov, Nurlan Kairbekov, Jolaman Bulan, Tussipkhan Imammadi Jan 2026

Researching A New Religious Phenomenon Of The Central Asia: Digital Sufism, Bekzhan A. Azhimov, Nurlan Kairbekov, Jolaman Bulan, Tussipkhan Imammadi

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This study examines the emergence of digital Sufism as a modern spiritual phenomenon. It investigates the participation of Sufi groups on social media, the themes conveyed in their online sermons, and the ways their digital strategies compare with other Islamic organizations. The article further explores how Sufi orders navigate virtual environments, questioning whether they reveal elements of esoteric knowledge in these spaces. The notion of digital Sufism is presented as a lens for understanding how Sufi traditions integrate modern technology to widen the influence and relevance of their teachings. The research highlights how Sufism has adjusted to the challenges of …

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Islamic Education And Imperial Governance: Kazakh Institutions In Turkestan (1867–Present), Mavluda Smanova Jan 2026

Islamic Education And Imperial Governance: Kazakh Institutions In Turkestan (1867–Present), Mavluda Smanova

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This article explores development of religious education among Kazakh populations within Turkestan Governor-Generalship from 1867 to the early twentieth century, placing it within wider context of imperial administration, Islamic intellectual heritage, and reformist initiatives. It contends that Islamic learning institutions were not merely shaped by colonial influence but operated as flexible and enduring systems deeply rooted in local social structures. Rather than suppressing these institutions, Russian imperial authorities adopted a policy of controlled integration, bringing them under administrative oversight while simultaneously promoting alternative educational models. This dynamic gave rise to diverse and negotiated educational landscape rather than a uniformly imposed …

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Socio-Psychological Portrait Of Muslim Women Who Joined Radical Religious Organizations, Akerke Sakbayeva, Nagima Baitenova, Zhuldyz Zhorabek, Assel Alimkhanova, Raimbek Zeinullin Jan 2026

Socio-Psychological Portrait Of Muslim Women Who Joined Radical Religious Organizations, Akerke Sakbayeva, Nagima Baitenova, Zhuldyz Zhorabek, Assel Alimkhanova, Raimbek Zeinullin

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This article examines the socio-psychological characteristics, motivations for radicalization, and the legal and social status of Muslim women who have joined radical religious organizations from gender and cultural studies perspectives. In recent years, the increasing involvement of women in violent extremist movements has intensified the need to investigate this phenomenon not only as a security issue, but also as a complex social, cultural, psychological, and gender-related phenomenon. The study analyzes both internal and external factors influencing the radicalization of women, including social marginalization, identity crises, emotional dependency, limited religious literacy, and perceptions of social injustice. Particular attention is given to …

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Ten Signatories, A Hundred Communities: Pluralization Without Consolidation In Slovenian Protestantism, Katja Brkič Golob Jan 2026

Ten Signatories, A Hundred Communities: Pluralization Without Consolidation In Slovenian Protestantism, Katja Brkič Golob

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This article examines why contemporary Slovenian Protestantism exhibits a dual structure: a low‑variance Lutheran core (the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession - ECAC) and a high‑variance neo‑Protestant field (mainly Pentecostal, Charismatic, Evangelical, and some Baptist communities). Using the public Register of Churches and Other Religious Communities as an administrative tracer of organizational volatility (first registrations, renamings, deletions), and situating findings in census/survey context, the study shows that post‑1991 legal liberalization enabled rapid formalization without automatic consolidation. A four‑lens framework—historico‑legal, sociological (church–sect–mysticism; religious‑economy), ecclesiological (order vs. movement), and psychological (charisma and its routinization; risks of authoritarian patterns)—explains why tensions in …

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Islamic Identity In Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Between Nation-Building And Global Religious Transformations, Ainur Adaikhan, Ainur Shormanova, Nurlan Orynbekov Jan 2026

Islamic Identity In Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Between Nation-Building And Global Religious Transformations, Ainur Adaikhan, Ainur Shormanova, Nurlan Orynbekov

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This study examines the formation and expression of Islamic identity in Kazakhstan within the broader post-Soviet transformation of religion, nationhood, and state governance. Following decades of Soviet-imposed atheism, Islam re-emerged as a significant cultural and social force after independence in 1991. The objective of this research is to analyze how Islamic identity is constructed, expressed, and regulated in contemporary Kazakhstan, and to assess the interaction between ethnocultural belonging, institutional governance, and global religious influences. Methodologically, the study employs a mixed analytical approach combining theoretical interpretation, quantitative analysis of census and survey data, and institutional analysis of religious policy frameworks. Empirical …

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Marriage Governance In Kyrgyzstan: Convergence And Divergence Between Secular Law, Islamic Norms, And Customary Practices, Aisuluu Adylbekkyzy, Zailabidin Azhimamatov, Aiitmamat Kariev Jan 2026

Marriage Governance In Kyrgyzstan: Convergence And Divergence Between Secular Law, Islamic Norms, And Customary Practices, Aisuluu Adylbekkyzy, Zailabidin Azhimamatov, Aiitmamat Kariev

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

Marriage governance in Kyrgyzstan is shaped by the coexistence of secular law, Islamic norms, and customary law), creating a plural legal environment in which multiple sources of authority regulate family relations. This study examines how these normative systems interact in the governance of marriage, identifies areas of convergence and divergence, and explores their implications for legal legitimacy and family regulation. Employing a qualitative socio-legal methodology grounded in legal pluralism theory, the research draws on documentary and comparative analysis of legal texts, Islamic sources, official religious guidance, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings demonstrate that marriage governance in Kyrgyzstan operates through …

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Hybrid Identity And Religious Radicalization: On The Effectiveness Of Kazakhstan's State Policy, Sholpan Zhandossova, Marhabbat Nurov Jan 2026

Hybrid Identity And Religious Radicalization: On The Effectiveness Of Kazakhstan's State Policy, Sholpan Zhandossova, Marhabbat Nurov

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

This article examines the relationship between hybrid identity and religious radicalization in Kazakhstan, arguing that state policy has been built on a systematically inverted risk hierarchy. Drawing on secondary analysis of longitudinal sociological surveys, expert assessments, and official statistics, the article demonstrates that the intensity of religious practice is a statistically non-significant predictor of radicalization (ρ=+0.18; p>0.05), whereas identity fragmentation– the internal incoherence between competing ethnic, Soviet-secular, Islamic, and civic- Kazakhstani identity layers–carries the strongest positive correlation (ρ=+0.61; p<0.001). The normative architecture constructed between 2011 and 2024 is evaluated against these empirical predictors across four analytical levels: longitudinal trend analysis, regional identity profiling, factor correlation analysis, and institutional trust trajectories. The article finds that successive policy instruments have concentrated institutional resources on the weakest risk factor while leaving the strongest predictors structurally unaddressed. The post-2016 decline in registered criminal cases is attributed primarily to the organizational collapse of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as a recruitment structure rather than to domestic policy effectiveness. Trust in the state-affiliated religious authority declined by twenty percentage points over the period of maximum normative intensity–an outcome directly contrary to policy intent. The article concludes with three evidence-based corrective directions: reorienting the diagnostic framework toward monitoring identity fragmentation, recovering protective social factors as explicit policy targets, and restructuring formal religious authority to allow community-derived legitimacy to carry preventive functions.

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