Digital Commons Network^™

A Real-Time Examination And Comparison Of Differentiation Among Suicidal Thinking And Affect Items In An Adolescent Sample, Elizabeth A. Edershile, Kinjal K. Patel, Annabelle M. Mournet, Richard T. Liu, Catherine R. Glenn, Evan M. Kleiman

Psychology Faculty Publications

Suicide risk assessments require individuals to differentiate among types of suicidal thoughts (e.g., passive vs. active); yet most research relies on aggregate metrics that obscure this differentiation. Indeed, more severe forms of suicidal thinking are thought to involve the simultaneous experience of multiple forms of thoughts at high intensities. The present study draws on concepts from the affect differentiation literature to (a) examine different ways to operationalize differentiation in suicidal thinking and (b) compare differentiation in suicidal thinking with differentiation in affect. Adolescents (N = 200) recently hospitalized for suicidal thoughts and behaviors completed a 28-day ecological momentary assessment …

Clinical Informatics Education To Advance Learning Health Systems: A Scoping Review, Alexandra Zingg, L Ida Tovar, Laura Witte, Kelsey L Koym, Kyler Godwin

Library Staff Publications

Introduction: Learning health systems leverage clinical data and knowledge to advance healthcare quality. Effective training in informatics concepts and tools is essential for medical trainees to become health system experts and contributors to positive organizational change. The objective of this study is to summarize characteristics of existing clinical informatics training programs and map these to recommended Learning Health System informatics competencies. We aim to answer the following research questions: (1) How are academic medical institutions implementing informatics education initiatives for medical trainees? (2) Are these initiatives implementing recommended informatics competencies? and (3) How effective are these initiatives according to established …

Sex And Gender Differences Between Experiences Of Discrimination And Physical Health: A Systematic Review, Saam Honarvar, Maryam Ajose, Bronwyn Sutherland, Alejandra Fernandez, Shakia T Hardy, Miguel Ángel Cano, Samaah Sullivan

Library Staff Publications

Background: Despite a plethora of previous research on experiences of discrimination and physical health outcomes, there has been less attention to sex/gender differences, although some research suggests a greater stress-related biological and behavioral impact on women.

Methods: Five databases were reviewed up to May 2023 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. We included studies that examined self-reported experiences of discrimination and physical health outcomes among adults (aged 18+) in the United States if results were either stratified by sex/gender or tested a sex/gender-by-discrimination interaction term.

Results: A total of 3,397 articles were extracted, and 50 …

Psycinfo Platforms: A Tale Of Two Interfaces (Ovid Vs Ebsco), Sandra Yvette Desjardins, Jamie Quinn

Library Staff Publications

PsycInfo is a foundational database for evidence-based behavioral health literature, which makes it an essential tool for health sciences librarians. This column provides a comprehensive comparison of PsycInfo on Ovid and EBSCO platforms. It offers a foundational overview for new librarians, guiding them through essential functionalities and navigation. The article also helps librarians evaluate potential database acquisitions by highlighting the distinct features and search capabilities of each interface. This comparison aims to equip health sciences librarians with the knowledge to optimize search strategies and inform strategic purchasing decisions.

Challenging Agency Deregulation, Todd S. Aagaard

Faculty Publications

The administrative state is experiencing two seismic shifts. First, in recent years, the Supreme Court has issued a series of decisions that significantly curtailed the powers of administrative agencies. Second, President Donald Trump is using administrative agencies to aggressively deregulate in his second term. The conventional wisdom is that the Supreme Court’s recent precedent will facilitate the Trump Administration’s deregulatory agenda.

This Article argues the opposite. Instead of promoting agency deregulation, recent Supreme Court precedent restraining agency authority provides a potentially powerful basis for challenging agency deregulation as administrative overreach. Time and time again, the Court has taken agencies to …

Bovine Lactoferrin Maintains Antibacterial Effect Against Neonatal Escherichia Coli Septicaemia Isolates Despite The Presence Of Iron Acquisition Genes, Matthew Mayorga, Joshua L. Wheatley, Brianna N. Maldonado, Susana Chavez-Bueno

Student Publications

Introduction. Escherichia coli is a dominant cause of neonatal sepsis for which no prevention measures currently exist. Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-sequestering antibacterial protein that has been noticed to decrease neonatal late-onset sepsis.

Hypothesis/Gap Statement. LF’s effect on in vitro growth of neonatal E. coli clinical isolates causing septicaemia is unknown. The prevalence of iron acquisition virulence genes which contribute to pathogenicity outcomes in these strains has also not been described in detail.

Aim. To evaluate bovine lactoferrin’s (bLF) effects on the in vitro growth of neonatal septicaemia E. coli isolates, and to determine the presence of iron acquisition …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 2026-2027, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 122, Number 16

September 5, 2026

The Law And Ai As An “Apex Collaborator”: Legal Frameworks For Optimized Cooperation, David S. Filippi, Bill Tomlinson, Andrew W. Torrance

FIU Law Review

Law fundamentally exists to enable human cooperation, providing frameworks for everything from basic contracts to complex international agreements. As artificial intelligence systems grow more sophisticated, they may enable new ways that collaborative activity can occur. We posit the possibility of a new kind of AI entity: the “Apex Collaborator,” a computational system with capabilities for cooperation and partnership that are superior, in at least some ways, to those of humans. Just as apex predators shape the ecosystems in which they live through predation, Apex Collaborators would shape human-AI networks through their ability to enhance peaceful coexistence, collective problem-solving, and shared …

Pediatric Both Bone Fracture Leading To Median Nerve Entrapment: A Case Report, Joshua Lyndon Dale, Frank Gerold

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction: Both-bone forearm fractures are common in pediatric patients and most often result from a fall onto an outstretched hand. Although rare, nerve entrapments, particularly of the median nerve, can occur, especially following closed reduction.

Case report: We present the case of a 13-year-old male who sustained a both-bone forearm fracture while on vacation in Mexico. The injury was managed with closed reduction and casting. Despite appropriate treatment, the patient developed progressive numbness, tingling, and thenar atrophy in the median nerve distribution. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies confirmed significant median nerve dysfunction. Surgical exploration revealed the median nerve entrapped in …

Carceral Schools: Black Geographies Of Confinement, Surveillance, And Policing, M. Alex Evans

FIU Law Review

This Article charts the deeply entrenched traditions of policing, containing, and surveilling blackness throughout this Nation’s history, with particular focus on Black students and schools. It provides school discipline data demonstrating the perpetual racial, gender, and ability disparities that Black students face decade after decade. It employs Black Geography as a theoretical framework to analyze school as a spatial and racial experience for all youth. This reading of carceral schools as Black geographic terrains of struggle expands the notion of school policing beyond dominant ideations which are largely limited to law enforcement officers in schools. It highlights the extent to …

Adjunctive Technologies To Electronic Fetal Monitoring: Promise, Pitfalls, And Lessons Learned, Rebecca Horgan, George Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Despite widespread use, electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has not demonstrably reduced perinatal morbidity or mortality, and likely contributed to the rise in cesarean delivery. To improve its utility, a number of adjunctive approaches have been introduced over the past three decades, including fetal pulse oximetry, ST segment analysis (STAN), and maternal oxygen supplementation. Each intervention was supported by strong physiologic rationale, yet none achieved widespread clinical adoption due to inconsistent evidence of benefit and, in some cases, potential harm. This review critically evaluates landmark studies on EFM adjuncts, highlights the limitations that have impeded progress, and outlines emerging innovations, including …

The Association Between Maternal-Fetal Medicine Physician Density And Pregnancy Outcomes, Tetsuya Kawakita, Rula Atwani, Misa Hayasaka, Lindsay Robbins, George Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective

We sought to examine the association between maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) physician density and adverse pregnancy outcomes at the state level.

Study Design

This was a cross-sectional analysis of publicly available, state-level data from 2018 to 2021, including Natality, Multiple Cause-of-Death, and Fetal Death databases. The number of active MFM physicians per year was obtained for each state from the American Medical Association Masterfile. The primary exposure was the density of MFM per state, categorized into three groups: (1) low density (< 30 MFM physicians per 100,000 live births), (2) moderate density (30-59 MFM physicians per 100,000 live births), and (3) high density (≥60 MFM physicians per 100,000 live births). Our primary outcome was maternal mortality during pregnancy and up to 42 days postdelivery. Our secondary outcomes were pregnancy-related mortality up to 365 days postdelivery and stillbirth. We calculated adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRR) and average marginal effect (AME) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using multivariable negative binomial mixed effects regression models.

Results

Overall, there were 14,792,743 live births, 3,440 maternal mortalities, 4,980 pregnancy-related mortalities, and 90,848 stillbirths included. The …

Association Between Neighborhood Social Determinants Of Health And Stillbirth, Tetsuya Kawakita, Misa Hayasaka, Ann M. Harper, John Brush, George Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the association between neighborhood-level social determinants of health and stillbirth.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of deliveries that occurred at a gestational age of at least 20 weeks within a five-hospital system (2012-2022). Electronic health record data mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model were geocoded using addresses at the time of delivery and linked to neighborhood health indices, which included the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) at the Census tract level. Stillbirths were adjudicated by medical record review. Modified Poisson regression generated relative …

Differential Impact Of Admission Type And Clinical Complexity On Diabetes Hospitalization Costs Among African American And Hispanic Patients In Southeastern Virginia, Ismail El Moudden, Asra Amidi, Reem Sharaf-Alddin, Michael C. Bittner, Qi Zhang

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) imposes substantial healthcare costs with documented disparities among African Americans and Hispanic patients. To inform care delivery and resource allocation, this study identified hospitalization cost predictors among African American and Hispanic patients with diabetes in Southeastern Virginia.

Methods

We analyzed 6,011 hospital discharges from the Virginia Health Information database (2016-2020) for adults aged 18-85 with diabetes. Discharges were classified by Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Groups: DM with complications/comorbidities (DCC, n = 3,328), DM with major complications/comorbidities (DMCC, n = 1,518), and DM without major complications/comorbidities (DWO, n = 1,165). Because cost distributions were right-skewed (skewness 3.5-8.24), we …

Factors Influencing Obstetric Ultrasound Examination Duration In A Tertiary Fetal Center, Juliana Gevaerd Martins, Diana Aboukhater, Tetsuya Kawakita, Maya Vishna, Salimah Navaz Gangji, Alfred Abuhamad

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective

To quantify scan duration across commonly performed obstetric ultrasound examinations in a tertiary fetal imaging center and to evaluate whether exam type, maternal body mass index (BMI), and sonographer experience independently influence scan time.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies undergoing diagnostic obstetric ultrasound between January 2023 and May 2024 at a high-volume tertiary care center. Ultrasounds were categorized into five exam types: dating/viability (6-10 weeks), detailed first-trimester (11-14 weeks), detailed second-trimester anatomic survey (18-22 weeks), fetal echocardiography (22-24 weeks), and second/third-trimester growth/Doppler (24-38 weeks) scans. Scan duration was defined using ultrasound image timestamps from …

Considerations For The Analysis Of Urinary Environmental Chemical Concentrations During Pregnancy, Danielle R. Stevens, Kaleigh Hinton, Katie M. O'Brien, Jessie P. Buckley, Barrett M. Welch, Jason A. Watts, Antonia M. Calafat, Julianne C. Botelho, Elena Sinkovskaya, Ann Przybylska, George Saade, Alfred Abuhamad, Kelly K. Ferguson

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background:

Pregnancy physiology may impact indicators of hydration, affecting exposure assessment in gestational studies with urinary chemical biomarkers.

Methods:

We aimed to characterize hydration and demonstrate the impact of different methods for standardizing urinary chemical biomarker concentrations on exposure descriptives in the Human Placenta and Phthalates Study (n = 303, 2017-2020), a prospective pregnancy cohort with eight study visits between 12 and 38 weeks of gestation. We assessed trajectories and predictors of hydration using urine flow rate (UFR) and specific gravity (SG). Likewise, we examined trajectories and predictors of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), for which concentrations were unstandardized or standardized via …

Acute Fatty Liver Of Pregnancy And Fetal Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: A Systematic Review, Dante Varotsis, Sarah Araji, Rebecca Horgan, Jennifer E. Powel, Rodney Mclaren Jr., Brian Kirmse, Mona Makhamreh, Huda B. Al-Kouatly

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association between maternal acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and fetal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders and to define the clinical and genetic characteristics of mothers with AFLP and their fetuses affected by FAO disorders, we performed a systematic literature review of all reported cases of AFLP that underwent genetic testing for FAO disorders.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Terms included were related to AFLP and FAO testing.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:

We conducted a systematic literature review from inception through May 18, 2025, to evaluate the …

Longitudinal Patterns Of Urinary Biomarkers Of Placental And Renal Function In Pregnancy And Associations With Early Pregnancy Exposure To Phthalates And Replacements, Erin E. Mcnell, Danielle R. Stevens, Barrett M. Welch, Suzanne Fenton, Antonia M. Calafat, Julianne Cook Botelho, Elena Sinkovskaya, Ann Przybylska, George Saade, Alfred Abuhamad, Kelly K. Ferguson

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Phthalates and replacements are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may interfere with early pregnancy processes such as placentation and renal adaptation. Placental and renal biomarkers may help examine these toxicologic mechanisms. This study aims to characterize longitudinal changes in urinary protein biomarkers of placental angiogenesis (sFlt-1, PlGF, sEng) and renal function (KIM-1, NGAL, nephrin), and investigate associations with early pregnancy exposure to phthalates and replacements. Among 291 participants from the Human Placenta and Phthalates prospective cohort, urinary metabolites of eight phthalates and two replacements were quantified at up to 2 time points from 12 to 15 weeks gestation. Repeated measures were averaged …

Importance Of Placental Evaluation In Pregnancies At High Risk For Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Expert Clinical Perspective, Rebecca H. Jessel, Alesha White, Hope Y. Yu, Amie L. Hollard, Meena Khandelwal, Carolyn M. Zelop, Jennifer Philips, Alireza A. Shamshirsaz, John C. Kingdom, Alfred Abuhamad, Christina L. Herrera, Pan American Society For Placenta Accreta Spectrum (Pas2)

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a leading cause of obstetric morbidity and peripartum hysterectomy. Rising cesarean delivery rates, advanced maternal age, and assisted reproductive technologies have increased its incidence. Early, standardized diagnosis is essential for multidisciplinary planning and improved outcomes, yet formal screening guidelines are lacking.

Objective

To raise awareness of the importance of antenatal screening for PAS, summarize key clinical and imaging risk factors, and propose a standardized mid-trimester ultrasound protocol for high-risk patients.

Methods

An expert panel convened under the Pan-American Society for the Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS2) reviewed available evidence, risk stratification models, and prior consensus …

The Impact Of The 7th October War On Preterm Birth Rates And Neonatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Comparative Study From Northern Israel, Raghda Zidan Sweid, Adi Sharabi Nov, Hana Helfgot, Steven L. Warsof, Inbar Ben-Shachar

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Maternal psychological stress is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth and low birthweight. Warfare represents a significant source of acute and chronic stress, yet its impact on pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between a 6-month period of continuous wartime exposure following October 7, 2023, during the "Iron Swords" conflict and preterm birth, neonatal outcomes, and obstetric management.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all deliveries at ZIV Medical Center during the 6-month conflict period, compared with a pre-war cohort from 2021 until October 6, 2023. The primary outcome was …

Severe Maternal Morbidity According To Sickle Cell Disease Genotype, Tetsuya Kawakita, Natsume Furukawa, Sora A. Jones, Salimah Navaz Gangji

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hemoglobinopathy that disproportionately affects individuals of African descent and is associated with elevated risks of maternal complications. However, the contribution of specific SCD genotypes to severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and postpartum readmission remains poorly characterized at the population level.

Objective

We sought to examine the association between SCD genotypes-hemoglobin SS (HbSS) disease, hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease, sickle thalassemia, and sickle cell trait-and SMM, hospital readmission, and related adverse maternal outcomes.

Study design

This was a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2016 through 2022, representing over 20 million weighted …

Mediating Effect Of Social Determinants Of Health Between Race And Phthalate Biomarkers In Pregnancy, Tetsuya Kawakita, Misa Hayasaka, Carole Barake, Trinity Soto, Jillian Fleming, Amir Lueth, Stevens Danielle, Alfred Abuhamad, Ann Pryzybylska, Elena Sinkovskaya, Kelly K. Ferguson, George Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Introduction

Prenatal phthalate exposure is linked to adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes and is consistently higher among non‐Hispanic Black compared to non‐Hispanic White pregnant individuals, yet the factors responsible for these disparities are poorly characterized. We sought to quantify Black–White differences in repeated urinary concentrations of phthalate biomarkers during pregnancy and to estimate the extent to which neighborhood‐level social determinants of health (SDoH) mediate these disparities.

Methods

This secondary analysis used data from the Human Placenta Project Study, a prospective observational cohort study conducted at two academic institutions between 2016 and 2018. Eligible participants had singleton pregnancies, were recruited before …

Estetrol (E4) For The Treatment Of Moderate To Severe Vasomotor Symptoms In Postmenopausal Women - Efficacy And Safety Results From The Phase 3 E4comfort I Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Study, Tommaso Simoncini, Céline Bouchard, Marie Cloes, Mélanie Taziaux, Santiago Palacios, Sebastião Freitas De Medeiros, Valeriu Vrabii, David F. Archer, Nick Panay

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of estetrol in reducing moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Multicenter, randomized, parallel group (1:1:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 study in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized participants aged 40-65 years. A total of 640 participants with seven or more moderate to severe hot flashes daily or 50 weekly received estetrol 15 mg, estetrol 20 mg, or placebo for 12 weeks. Co-primary endpoints were the change in frequency and severity of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms from baseline to weeks 4 and 12. Comparisons versus placebo were made using a mixed-effects model for …

Consensus And Controversies Of International Guidelines For The Diagnosis, Surveillance, And Management Of Fetal Growth Restriction: An Updated Comparison, Daniele Diane Mascio, Suneet P. Chauhan, Tullio Ghi, Asma Khalil, Juliana G. Martins, Sara Sorrenti, Tamara Stampalija, Fabrizio Zullo, Francesc Figueras

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To compare areas of consensus and disagreements across contemporary international and national guidelines on the diagnosis, surveillance, and management of fetal growth restriction (FGR).

DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches of MEDLINE from database inception up to March 2026 using MeSH terms and keywords related to FGR and guidelines. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Critical, structured comparison of national or international guidelines on FGR published since 2010. Final inclusion required unanimous agreement from all authors.

STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Pre-specified extraction across domains: definition; prediction/prevention; surveillance tools and frequency; delivery timing and mode; and labor induction methods. Dual data …

Contribution Of Comorbidities And Pregnancy Complications To Severe Maternal Morbidity In The United States, Tetsuya Kawakita, Sora A. Jones, Natsume Furukawa, George Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective: To quantify the extent to which rising rates of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in the United States from 2016 to 2022 are attributable to increasing prevalence of maternal risk factors, including advanced maternal age, obesity, pregestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2016 to 2022, representing more than 25 million weighted delivery hospitalizations. The primary outcome of SMM was identified with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 21-condition algorithm; a secondary outcome excluded transfusion to improve specificity. Temporal trends …

Osmotic Dilators Vs. Foley Balloons: Bayesian Secondary Analyses Of The Dilafol Trial, Antonio F. Saad, Elenir B. C. Avritscher, Claudia Pedroza, Xiao Han, George R. Saade

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background: Dilapan-S, a synthetic osmotic dilator used for pre-induction cervical ripening, has proven to be as effective as the Foley balloon in terms of vaginal versus cesarean delivery and has been associated with increased patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, its ability to lower cesarean rates and its cost-effectiveness remain poorly studied.

Objectives: To estimate the likelihood that synthetic osmotic dilators reduce cesarean deliveries and to evaluate their health system costs (2026 US$) and incremental cost-effectiveness compared to the Foley balloon during cervical ripening.

Study Design: Secondary Bayesian analyses were conducted using data from the single-center DILAFOL randomized controlled trial, which enrolled 419 …

Vaginal Pra1 Identifies Clinically Relevant Candida Albicans Vaginitis And Excludes Asymptomatic Colonization: An Exploratory Study, Elena Roselletti, Barbara Kozma, David Ratonyi, Alexandra Kunkli, Bence Kozma, Peter Takacs, Duncan Wilson

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Background

Accurate interpretation of Candida detection in women with vulvovaginal symptoms remains difficult, because organism recovery may reflect either clinically relevant infection or nonpathogenic colonization. We have recently demonstrated that the secreted fungal zinc-binding protein, Pra1 is responsible for driving the inflammatory immunopathology of VVC. We therefore reasoned that PRA1 expression by Candida albicans in the vagina may act as a diagnostic tool to discriminate between commensal colonisation and active disease.

Methods

We conducted a 12-week prospective, single-center exploratory biomarker analysis nested within a registered parent clinical trial. Nine women with vulvovaginal symptoms provided cervicovaginal lavage samples and clinical data …

The Association Between The Degree Of Social Vulnerability And Maternal Anemia And Other Adverse Perinatal Outcomes, Rubymel J. Knupp, Christina T. Blanchard, Ariann Nassel, Ashley Shea, Lindsay S. Robbins, Jeff M. Szychowski, Ashley N. Battarbee, Akila Subramaniam

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective

Maternal anemia in pregnancy is associated with many adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. The role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in the development of maternal anemia and other adverse outcomes is continually evolving. One such newer tool, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), measures an individual's community-level SDOH, with higher SVI denoting higher vulnerability. Our objective was to evaluate the association between SVI, maternal anemia, and other adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of pregnant individuals delivering singletons at a gestational age ≥23 weeks at a single center from 2014 to 2018. Patients with sickle cell disease, …

Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluid Iron And Manganese Levels In Women With And Without Vaginitis, Barbara Kozma, David Ratonyi, Bence Kozma, Peter Takacs, Attila G. Sipos

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Transition metals such as iron and manganese are critical for cellular metabolism, redox balance, and immune function, and they also influence host–pathogen interactions. Vaginitis is characterized by mucosal inflammation that may alter local trace-element homeostasis. We hypothesize that inflammatory conditions such as vaginitis may be associated with altered cervicovaginal iron and manganese levels. We performed a prospective, single-center cohort study at the University of Debrecen (Hungary) between April 2023 and April 2024, enrolling 80 women ≥ 18 years with vulvovaginal complaints. Participants were assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 with clinical evaluation and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) …

Risk Of Gestational Diabetes By Aerobic And Resistance Exercise During The First And Second Trimesters, Takaki Tanamoto, George Saade, Leryn J. Reynolds, Tetsuya Kawakita

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective

While some studies have shown that exercise reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), there is limited evidence on whether aerobic or resistance exercise is more beneficial. This study aimed to examine the rate of GDM according to the type of exercise during early pregnancy.

Study design

We analyzed data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b), a prospective cohort of individuals enrolled during the first and second trimesters. We excluded participants with pregestational diabetes or delivery < 20 weeks. The primary exposure was either aerobic or resistance exercises in the first or second trimester. For each trimester, the metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-h/week) was calculated for each exercise. Participants were grouped as follows: "Aerobic exercise" (≥7.5 MET-h/week from aerobic exercises), "Resistance exercise" (≥2 times/week from resistance exercises), "Both types of exercise" (≥7.5 MET-h/week from aerobic exercise and ≥2 times/week from resistance exercises), and "Insufficient exercise" (≤7.5 MET-h/week from aerobic exercise and ≤2 times/week from resistance exercises). Our primary outcome was GDM. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

In both the first and second trimesters, analyses included 9049 individuals. In the first trimester, individuals who performed …