Predicting Oral Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Efficacy In Cisgender Women Across Pregnancy And Postpartum, Yifan Yu, Kristina M. Brooks, Gustavo F. Doncel, Brookie M. Best, Mark A. Marzinke, Mark Mirochnick, Peter L. Anderson, Landon Myer, Connie Celum, Renee Heffron, Jenell Coleman, Dvora L. Joseph Davey, Lanxin Zhang, Max Von Kleist, Craig W. Hendrix, Jeremiah D. Momper, Robert Bies, Rachel K. Scott

CONRAD Publications

Cisgender women face an increased risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and postpartum. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) is recommended in pregnancy despite limited published pharmacokinetic (PK) and efficacy data during pregnancy. Altered PK during pregnancy may reduce prophylactic efficacy and necessitate higher adherence. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a newer tenofovir prodrug with higher tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) exposure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but the prophylactic efficacy of F/TAF across different reproductive stages in women is understudied. We adapted a multiscale modeling framework to predict the prophylactic efficacy of F/TDF and F/TAF across …

Development Of Colonic Polyposis In A Woman With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Dasatinib, Guido Pelaez, Behram Suha Yildiz, Mert Candan, Mohammad Ismail, Francesca Vacca, Marianna B Ruzinova, Samuel Ballentine, Kathleen Byrnes, Armin Ghobadi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic malignancy driven by constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Dasatinib, a second-generation (2G) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is a preferred treatment due to its superior, durable, and rapid response rates. While dasatinib has known gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, colonic polyposis is a rare complication, not well described in the literature.

CASE PRESENTATION: Upon routine colonoscopy, a 66-year-old woman with chronic-phase CML was incidentally discovered to have asymptomatic colonic polyposis after 11 months of dasatinib therapy. Histopathology revealed reactive inflammatory changes without evidence of dysplasia or neoplasia. The polyposis resolved completely after cessation of dasatinib. …

Treating Alzheimer's Disease In A Person Living With Hiv, David B Clifford, Tammie L S Benzinger, Jee-Young Han, Savannah Powles, Madeline Paczynski, Beau M Ances, J William Campbell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapies now support survival into advanced ages by suppressing HIV replication and preserving immune function. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurologic degenerative condition, may now be treated with anti-amyloid therapies (AAT). HIV was an exclusionary criterion in clinical trials for AAT, leaving the safety and efficacy of these medications unknown in this setting.

METHODS: We report the development of AD supported by careful evaluations and biomarkers over a 10-year period in a person living with well-controlled HIV infection.

RESULTS: AD was diagnosed with consistent clinical and biomarker evidence. AAT was successfully administered without complications. …

Establishing Demographic-Based Normative Values For Neurofilament Light Chain And Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein In Serum And Plasma Samples, Tyler L Borko, Salim Chahin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Interpretation of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in blood requires reference ranges from healthy cohorts, accounting for demographic features.

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum and plasma NfL and GFAP in healthy individuals, accounting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

METHODS: Adolescents through older adults were recruited at Colorado community events and a senior clinic. A neurologist reviewed self-reported medical histories. Paired serum and EDTA plasma samples were assayed using the Quanterix SR-X Simoa Neuro 4-Plex. Log-linear models estimated percent change per year of age, per BMI unit, and sex ratios. GFAP used …

Characteristics Of Cerebral Palsy In The Midwestern Us, Susie Kim, Kelsey Steffen, Lauren Gottschalk-Henneberry, Jennifer Miros, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Karen Taca, Bhooma R Aravamuthan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common lifelong motor disability worldwide. Yet, data is limited on how CP manifests in the US. Our objective was to characterize and determine factors affecting functional outcomes in a large population of young people with CP in the Midwestern US.

METHODS: We integrated caregiver and clinician-facing standardized data entry into routine clinical care at a tertiary care CP center (https://bit.ly/CP-Intake-Methodology). We extracted this data for people with an ICD10 diagnosis of CP seen between March 22, 2023 and December 28, 2023 and used it to describe CP characteristics and determine factors affecting the …

Interpreting Anti-Boycott Laws In The Shadow Of The First Amendment, Joseph A. Tomain

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Thirty-eight states have enacted “anti-BDS” laws. These laws require people or entities doing business with the state to certify that they do not participate in the Boycott Divestment Sanction movement against Israel. Typically, these laws define boycott as a “refusal to deal, terminating business, or other actions” that limit commercial relations with Israel or Israeli entities. It is highly contested in the courts and commentary whether these anti-boycott laws violate the First Amendment. Assuming arguendo that the “refusal to deal” and “terminating business” clauses do not implicate the First Amendment, that leaves the residual clause. At least one court and …

Spinning-Induced Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Without Acute Kidney Injury, Yolanda V. Gutierrez, Ronald Shaju, Alyssa L. Sepulveda, Joaquin Rivera, Aamir Ahmad

School of Medicine Publications

Rhabdomyolysis is a condition with a myriad of causes, including both traumatic and non-traumatic. Traumatic conditions are observed in crush injuries, compartment syndrome, and fractures, while non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis is commonly seen due to exertional heat stroke, extreme physical exercise, and dehydration. This case report explores two cases of extreme non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis caused by indoor cycling, also known as spinning. A common complication of severe rhabdomyolysis is acute kidney injury (AKI), which increases the risk of renal failure. Rapid interventions such as aggressive intravenous fluids are necessary to prevent kidney function loss. In this case report, two sisters, on two separate …

Accuracy Of The Phenotypic 1g Test To Detect Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Drug Resistance From Sputa In The Us-Mexico Border, Mia Aguirre, Doris Ayala, Juan Ignacio Garcia, Yoscelina Estrella Martinez-Lopez, Amberlee Hicks, Nadine M. Chacon, Ashley Gay-Cobb, Alyssa Schami, Selena Zavala-Perez, Blanca I. Restrepo

School of Medicine Publications

Background: With >10 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases/year, a limitation to TB control is the lack of simple and accurate tests for TB diagnosis and drug-susceptibility testing (DST) in endemic regions. We evaluated the accuracy of the first-generation, low-complexity phenotypic TB test (1G test), designed for simultaneous Mtb detection and resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin and moxifloxacin, suitable for resource-limited settings.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using sputa from 426 possible pulmonary TB subjects from two small Mexican cities bordering Texas. The 1G test was compared against phenotypic TB detection tests in the region [acid fast bacilli smear microscopy and …

Early Detection In Oral Cancer: Are We Prepared For Artificial Intelligence-Driven Precision Medicine?, Nikil Kumar, Sinnha Kumari, Sadia Sultana, Muhammad Saad Khan, Tirath Patel, Nikhilesh Anand

School of Medicine Publications

Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma, remains a serious health concern, with a poor prognosis and a late diagnosis. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, and submucous fibrosis are examples of oral potentially malignant disorders that must be detected early but are not always so by traditional, laborious, and subjective diagnostic techniques. In oral cancer, artificial intelligence (AI) and precision medicine are becoming game-changing technologies that enhance individualized care, treatment planning, and diagnostic precision. Complex imaging and histopathology data may be analyzed using machine learning and deep learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks, which can identify patterns that are invisible to …

Beyond Hemostasis: A Narrative Review On The Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential Of Ankaferd Blood Stopper, Salima E. Tibi, Muhammad Hashir Nazir, Saleha Nazir, Bhumi Daishik Patel, Gayatri Misra, Tirath Patel, Fatima Nasir, Muhammad Farhan, Nana Sardarova, Nikhilesh Anand

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Effective hemorrhage control is essential in managing trauma and surgical patients, with uncontrolled bleeding being a leading cause of mortality. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a hemostatic agent historically used in Anatolia, has gained recognition for its ability to modulate red blood cell-fibrinogen interactions to form a stable protein network for rapid bleeding cessation.

Objective: This review explores the multifaceted applications of ABS, evaluating its efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic roles across various medical fields, including hemostasis, wound healing, antimicrobial activity, and antineoplastic effects.

Methods: A comprehensive synthesis of clinical trials, case reports, and experimental studies was conducted to assess …

Una Nueva Herramienta Para Estimar El Volumen Muscular Independientemente De La Edad, El Sexo Y El Nivel De Actividad Física, José J. Rivera-Sánchez, Laura P. Burgos-Morelos, Daniel Castillo-Castillo, Gerardo Méndez-Suárez, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga, Damián Carrillo-Ruíz

School of Medicine Publications

Antecedentes: Actualmente, la evaluación del volumen muscular requiere técnicas invasivas o de imagen, lo que aumenta los costos y retrasa la evaluación, y las mediciones antropométricas con frecuencia son inexactas.

Objetivo: Desarrollar una fórmula matemática para estimar el volumen del cuádriceps.

Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 127 sujetos: 40 adultos sedentarios de 20 a 35 años, 47 atletas adultos de 20 a 45 años y 40 adultos sedentarios de 70 a 94 años. Se dividieron en grupos de desarrollo y de validación. Se realizaron mediciones de variables antropométricas y fuerza de agarre, y se desarrolló la fórmula de predicción del …

Identifying The Best Cutoff Value Of The Fecal Occult Blood Immunochemical Test In The Detection Of Advanced And Neoplastic Colorectal Lesions [Identificación Del Mejor Punto De Corte De La Prueba Inmunoquímica De Sangre Oculta En Heces En La Detección De Lesiones Colorrectales Avanzadas Y Neoplásicas], Patricia Gaggero, Eduardo Fenocchi, Cecilia Silva, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga, Natalia Lambert, Fabian Batista, Sergio Sobrino-Cossio, Jonathan R. White, Adolfo Parra-Blanco

School of Medicine Publications

Objective: Screening is an effective tool for detecting colorectal lesions in asymptomatic subjects. There is a positive correlation between fecal immunochemical test (FIT) values and the size of tumors. Despite the efficacy of screening, the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains low. The primary objective was to evaluate the best FIT cutoff value for detecting advanced adenomas and CRC among individuals at average risk in a country with a high incidence and morbidity from CRC.

Methods: This observational and prospective study analyzed consecutive cases in 1461 asymptomatic subjects with a positive FIT (≥ 100 ng hemoglobin [Hb]/ mL) referred for …

A Different Starting Point: Youth Discipleship For A New Generation, Rogelio Paquini

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Intersectionality In Discrimination, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, And Suicide Ideation: Black Americans In Appalachian Contexts, Jailyn May Wilson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Racial discrimination is recognized as a race-based traumatic stressor that has been associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and suicide ideation (SI). However, there remains a paucity of research investigating the impact of racial and other forms of discrimination on understudied populations, including Black Americans residing in Appalachian regions. The current study used an online self-report survey to examine PTSS as a mediator in the association between perceived discrimination and SI and to examine the moderating effect of the number of identity factors with which one experienced discrimination (i.e., race, gender, region) on the relationship between perceived discrimination and PTSS. …

Cross-Cue Reactivity Of Nicotine And Cannabis Vaping Products, Madeline Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

SIGNIFICANCE. The rewarding properties of nicotine increase when administration is paired with external stimuli, or “cues”, including those related to vaping products. Given the visual similarity between nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and THC vaping products (TVPs), exposure to one product may elicit reactivity (e.g., craving, urge to use) to the other. The present study aimed to develop a set of cues capable of differentiating NVPs from TVPs to inform investigations of cross-cue reactivity. METHODS. Images (n=61 NVPs; n=64 TVPs; 7=unspecified) were obtained via an online search using both generic (“vape”, “vape pen”) and product-specific (e.g., “nicotine vape”, “dab pen”) keywords …

Exploring Youth Soccer Coach Recruitment Practices, Han-Earl Lim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This qualitative single-case study examined how a private-interest, nonprofit youth soccer club in the Midwestern United States recruits coaches, what coach qualities are prioritized in hiring, and how organizational and sociocultural conditions shape those practices. The study was guided by three research questions focused on (a) recruitment and early support processes, (b) hiring criteria and decision rationales, and (c) the organizational and sociocultural contexts influencing recruitment. Data were generated through five semi-structured interviews with four participants who were involved in recruitment practices (the Executive Director, the Assistant Director, and two full-time head coaches). Additional sources included an organizational mapping survey …

Comparison Of Push-Pull Air Curtain To Overhead Downdraft Systems On Aerosol Containment And Distribution In Controlled Environments, Manal Mutairi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Abstract

Comparison of Push-Pull Air Curtain to Overhead Downdraft Systems on Aerosol Containment and Distribution in Controlled Environments.

This dissertation looks at the ongoing issue of tiny airborne particles created during medical and dental procedures and evaluates ways to reduce the risk of exposure for healthcare workers and patients to these particles. The first study focuses on the size, how long particles stay in the air, and how far they travel from common medical procedures that create aerosols, showing that tiny particles (less than 5 µm) can stay in the air long enough to escape basic droplet controls. As a …

An Evidence-Based Practice Initiative To Promote Debriefing Within The Obstetrics Surgical Team, Rachel Lynn Runatz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Operating room debriefing is an evidence-based strategy shown to improve communication, efficiency, patient safety, and safety culture; however, debriefing is inconsistently performed in obstetric operating rooms due to workflow, cultural, and time-related barriers.

Purpose: The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to increase the frequency of debriefings in the Birthing Center operating rooms at WVU Medicine Children’s Hospital through implementation of a nurse-driven, evidence-based debriefing initiative.

Intervention: A nurse-driven debriefing protocol was implemented using the Iowa Implementation for Sustainability Framework. Interventions included staff education, accessible laminated debriefing documents, identification of nurse champions, leadership support, and …

Increasing Documentation Of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressures: A Quality Improvement Initiative For Flight Crew Providers, Matthew D. Noss

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

ABSTRACT

Background: There was a lack of documentation of endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressures (CPs) by flight crew providers at Base 1 of HealthNet Aeromedical Services. A three-month pre-intervention data collection showed 1.8% of patients had initial CPs documented. Inadequate documentation and monitoring of ETT CPs can lead to patient complications such as tracheal injury and aspiration making this an important area for quality improvement.

Purpose: To increase documentation of ETT CPs through education and evidence-based interventions.

Intervention: This project implemented an educational in-service on ETT cuff syringe manometry for flight crew providers. The educational intervention consisted of …

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Anxiety And Sedation Requirements For Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Undergoing Regional Anesthesia: An Evidence-Based Practice Pilot Initiative, Kyra Marie Savrese

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Excessive noise in the operating room negatively impacts patient comfort and outcomes, particularly in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia who have the potential for awareness.

Background: Research demonstrates that music therapy is a low-cost, low-risk intervention that reduces perioperative anxiety and sedative requirements. Literature supports the use of music as an adjunct to anesthesia care, especially in orthopedic populations.

Purpose: At J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, orthopedic procedures with regional anesthesia expose patients to high noise levels, often leading to increased anxiety, sedation use, and longer recovery times. Addressing this problem aligns with institution goals for safe, patient-centered care.

Methods: Using …

Resilience And Reactivity: The Relation Between John Henryism And Cardiovascular Responses To Laboratory Stressors In An Appalachian Sample, Emma Raycher Thompson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

John Henryism active coping (JHAC), named for folk hero John Henry, is defined as the perception that one can overcome stressors through hard work (James et al., 1983). This construct has been tied to numerous health outcomes, showing a negative influence on cardiovascular health (Bennett et al., 2004). Many researchers have examined the relation between JHAC and cardiovascular reactivity to stress, though findings are mixed. Further, despite the legend of John Henry occurring in Appalachia, and traits associated with John Henryism, such as resilience, being prominent within this region, no study has examined the relation between JHAC and reactivity in …

Do Transdiagnostic Factors Predict Emotion Recognition?, Grace L. Wheeler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

While emotion recognition deficits have been found in several anxiety and related disorders (e.g., social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive), consistent results have not been established. To clarify the relationship between emotion recognition abilities and anxiety, the current study tested if transdiagnostic factors related to anxiety are predictors of emotion recognition abilities. Data was analyzed from participants (N = 188) recruited via CloudResearch; they completed measures of three transdiagnostic factors related to anxiety (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and rumination), followed by an emotion recognition task. Multiple regression analyses revealed higher levels of anxiety sensitivity predicted worse recognition for anger, disgust, …

Feasibility Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Toddler In Community Clinics In The United States And Japan, Sharon T. Phillips

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The toddler age (12-36 months) is characterized by a toddler’s increasing desire for autonomy, which can result in caregiver-child conflict and toddler externalizing problems (Kohlhoff & Morgan, 2014). Clinical levels of disruptive behavior in toddlerhood can be predictive of a host of negative outcomes, including problems with academic achievement and delinquency (Copeland et al., 2007; Milledge et al., 2019). High levels of toddler behavior problems also are associated with poor caregiver-child relationships and poor toddler emotion regulation skills (Beijers et al., 2013; Umemura et al., 2022). Thus, interventions targeting toddler behavior problems need to focus on strengthening the caregiver-child relationship …

An Evidence-Based Practice Initiative To Expedite Pediatric Recovery And Discharge Following Myringotomy Tube Placement, Nicole Marie Rillera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: The use of multiple sedatives, anxiolytics, and analgesics to prevent emergence agitation (EA)in pediatric patients undergoing myringotomy (MT) placement at West Virginia University Medicine Children's is leading to prolonged lengths of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). These extended stays are causing delays in subsequent procedures and raising concerns for staff, patients, and their families.

Evidence Review: The combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine given preoperatively and intramuscular ketorolac given intraoperatively for pediatric patients reduces the incidence of EA more effectively than oral midazolam and acetaminophen.

Purpose: This evidence-based practice project aims to establish a standardized, evidence-based anesthesia plan to …

Mechanisms Of Glyphosate Toxicity: Uptake, Mitochondrial Function, And Metabolism, Dionysios Patriarcheas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the world, is an inhibitor of chorismate biosynthesis, the precursor of aromatic amino acids. The target of glyphosate is absent in animals, but findings reporting toxicity in model organisms without a known mechanism or target are increasing. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful and versatile model for understanding molecular mechanisms of toxicity. In yeast, previous work has shown that the aspartate/glutamate permease Dip5 is the proposed transporter for glyphosate and that mitochondrial metabolism has been implicated in response to glyphosate toxicity. This dissertation aimed to identify the effects of glyphosate on mitochondrial function through …

Multi-Omic Characterization Of Immune And Metabolic Responses To Inflammatory Challenges In Sheep, Samanthia Raceine Johnson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To meet the demands of the growing population, it is imperative to develop sustainable and applicable ways to improve animal health and productivity. The first step in doing so is understanding the mechanisms that govern health and immune response and find ways to appropriately modulate them to improve animal health and productivity. The objective of this study is to use multi-omic techniques to understand breed-specific immune responses in sheep that may contribute to their resistance and susceptibility to parasites and to a greater extent, immunocompetence. Known parasite-resistant breed, St. Croix (STC) were compared to parasite susceptible Suffolk (SUF) sheep for …

Video-Based Heart Failure Education: A Feasibility Study, Avery Pivont

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Video-Based Heart Failure Education: A Feasibility Study

Avery Pivont

Background:  Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization in the U.S., contributing to high readmission rates and significant healthcare costs. Many of these readmissions are preventable and often stem from inadequate patient education. Effective patient education is a critical component of HF management; however, many healthcare facilities lack specialized HF nurse educators, resulting in inconsistent patient education.

Problem Statement: A quality improvement team at a large academic hospital identified increased heart failure (HF) readmission rates across an entire health system, largely attributed to inconsistent discharge education and limited availability …

Improving Access To Care And Utilization Of Telehealth In Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Through Scheduling Interventions: A Quality Improvement Project, Sarah R. Bergstrom

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Abstract

Improving Access to Care and Utilization of Telehealth in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Through Scheduling Interventions: A Quality Improvement Project

Sarah Bergstrom

Introduction/Background. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) tends to affect pediatric patients with a more severe, aggressive phenotype as compared to adults. Following closely with a pediatric gastroenterologist (GI) is best practice to manage pediatric IBD. However, pediatric subspecialty clinics are generally located within academic institutions in urban areas. Patients in rural areas often have limited access to pediatric GI care, and poor access to care is associated with increased risk of poor disease control. Telehealth subspecialty …

Improving Sedative Administration In Patients Receiving Paralytics During Intubation: A Quality Improvement Initiative Within A Large Academic Medical Center In West Virginia, David Bryon Underwood

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Awake paralysis (AWP) occurs when long-acting neuromuscular blockers outlast short-acting sedatives during intubation, leaving patients chemically paralyzed but conscious. This highlights the critical need for timely post-intubation sedation.

Background: A 2024 review in the Neurological Critical Care Unit (NCCU) revealed that 72% of patients who received rocuronium were not given a post-intubation sedative. The difference in duration of action of paralyzing agents versus sedatives can result in patients being conscious while paralyzed, potentially resulting in hemodynamic instability and psychological harm.

Purpose: The quality improvement initiative aimed to reduce the number of patients receiving neuromuscular blocking agents without post-intubation sedation. …

Embodiment Among Collegiate Women Athletes: The Perceived Impact On Sport Performance, Commitment, And Enjoyment, Hannah Lynne Silva-Breen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Collegiate women athletes report high rates of body dissatisfaction and wanting more support for improving their body image within their athletic departments. Guided by the Developmental Theory of Embodiment (DTE; Piran, 2017), the purpose of this study was to examine collegiate women athletes’ perceptions of the relationship between their embodiment and aspects of their sport experience. Participants were 311 women currently competing in 24 different sports within NCAA and NAIA athletics. Participants completed the Experience of Embodiment Scale, Subjective Performance Questionnaire, Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2, and open-ended response questions about the perceived relationship between these variables. A convergent parallel mixed methods …