Digital Commons Network^™

Intercountry Adoptions In South Africa And Uganda: Do Different Contracting Statuses Relative To The Hague Convention Matter?, Joseph Isanga

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Flexibility And Resistance Of Family Law In France And Other European Countries In The Context Of The Internationalization Of The Family And Of Family Law, Sylwia Castillo-Wyszogrodzka

Idaho Law Review

The international mobility of individuals requires legal orders to adjust their jurisprudence and legal practice. The evolution of family law oscillates between internationalization and protection of national identity. This phenomenon is particularly striking in Europe, where individuals enjoy the right to move and reside freely within the European Union and where family law is influenced by the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The state reduces its authority to comply with new requirements and gives individuals more power to create their own family bonds. Many questions arise around the legal recognition of …

Idaho Law Review 62.2

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Md/Mba Dual Degree Trends In Ophthalmology Residency: A 12-Year Analysis (2013-2025), Katherine Krishna, Brandon Chou, Felipe Echeverri Tribin, Steven J. Gedde

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: The number of Medical Doctor and Master of Business Administration (MD/MBA) dual degree programs has grown fivefold in the last two decades, reflecting an increased integration of business training in medical education. Despite this growth, the role and prevalence of MD/MBA degrees among ophthalmology residents remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose: To characterize trends in prevalence, demographics, and educational patterns of MD/MBA dual degree holders among U.S. ophthalmology residents who entered residency between 2013 and 2025.

Methods: Ophthalmology residents in the United States who entered residency between 2013 and 2025 (n = 5,684) were included, with 80 MD/MBA …

Geographic And Temporal Trends Of International Medical Graduate Ophthalmologists In The United States, Ju Hyun Jeon, Francisco Altamirano, Ju-Yeun Lee, Nadine Almuasher, Efren Gonzalez, Isdin Oke

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) are an integral part of the U.S. physician workforce. Understanding their representation and geographic distribution is essential for evaluating workforce diversity and access to care.

Purpose: To describe the temporal and geographic trends of IMG ophthalmologists in the United States and provide insights into their contribution to the ophthalmology workforce.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included ophthalmologists with active state medical licenses between 2010 and 2024. Publicly available data were obtained from Doximity, a national medical professional database, and state licensure records. Physicians were classified as U.S. medical graduates (USMGs) or IMGs …

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Eye-Related Emergency Department Encounters At An Academic Safety-Net Health System, Eleanor Burton, Taylor Gemperline, Cynthia Wan, Clayton Grundvig, Hannah Harrelson, Caroline Kim, Michael Cusick

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) provide care to millions of patients with eye-related concerns annually. Many patients delayed seeking medical care for routine and emergent conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the demographics and diagnoses of eye-related emergency department visits at an academic safety-net health system.

Methods: The medical records of patients seen in the University of Virginia (UVA) ED from 1 July 2017 to 29 December 2022 with a primary ophthalmic diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and demographic information was extracted from electronic health records, and an acuity …

Impact Of Gender And Fellowship Training On Academic Advancement In Ophthalmology, Zahraa Alomar, Ashley Choi, Karine D. Bojikian, Miel Sundararajan, Leona Ding, Shu Feng

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Women have reached near parity within ophthalmology, but significant gender disparities persist at the higher academic ranks.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of gender, residency graduation year, and fellowship training with academic rank in ophthalmology across U.S. academic ophthalmology departments.

Methods: Academic ophthalmology residency program websites were reviewed to collect faculty data on gender (as defined by pronoun usage in profiles), year of residency graduation, fellowship training, academic rank, and promotion track (clinical vs. academic). Univariate analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson χ² tests. Multinomial regression with likelihood ratio tests were conducted for …

Development And Delivery Of A Novel Psychologically Informed Resident Wellness Curriculum, Marguerite C. Weinert, Alice Lorch, Ethan Lester

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Residents in training are at increased risk for burnout, depression, and suicide. Wellness efforts are widespread, but common practices are often transient, ineffective, or dependent on additional time from residents.

Purpose: To describe the development, delivery, and reception of a structured wellness curriculum aimed at providing residents psychoeducation, coping skills, and community building opportunities.

Methods: Residents PGY1-4 were surveyed on our wellness curriculum. This included how helpful the curriculum was in achieving its goals (providing a space for resident concerns and challenges, teaching coping tools and skills, reducing burnout, strengthening bonds between coresidents), impressions of the …

Gender Disparities In Academic Productivity Of Early Career Ophthalmologists With Children, Olivia J. Killeen, Theodora Vorias, Stacy L. Pineles, Reshma Jagsi, Laura B. Enyedi, Arghavan Salles, Amanda L. Ely, Michelle T. Cabrera

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Female academic physicians are less likely than males to be promoted. Gender disparities related to parenthood and academic productivity may contribute to differing promotion trajectories for men and women.

Purpose: We investigated the association of gender and parenthood on academic productivity among early career ophthalmologists.

Methods: An email questionnaire was distributed to assistant professors of ophthalmology at U.S. institutions from February to April 2023. The questionnaire included items related to demographics, family responsibilities, and academic productivity. Descriptive statistics were calculated by gender alone and gender with parenthood status. Negative binomial regression models were used to analyze …

Design And Longitudinal Evaluation Of A Novel Medical School Preclerkship Ophthalmology Course: A Four-Year Study, Anagha Lokhande, Spandana Jarmale, Aiden Meyer, Ji Yun Han, Emily Wang, Grayson W. Armstrong, Michael Migliori, Jamie Schaefer, Nicole Lanza

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Across many medical schools, opportunities are lacking for students to gain exposure to ophthalmology in their preclerkship years. We aimed to design and evaluate a course introducing first- and second-year medical students to ophthalmology to augment early exposure.

Methods: A novel extracurricular course was designed to increase students’ knowledge base in ophthalmology and to cultivate relationships with clinical faculty. The first part of the class comprised a series of three didactic sessions teaching key anatomical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological topics in ophthalmology. Students then learned suturing techniques and the eye examination through resident-led hands-on workshops, received advice about …

Research Publication Trends Among Sfmatch Ophthalmology Applicants, Matthew B. Urban, Judah R. Hoffman, Avery Ross, Nermeen Kidwai, Bentzion Kleiman, Chinecheta Ani, Mariam Ahmed, Elizabeth Drugge, Abha Amin, Kelly Hutcheson

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: The shift to pass/fail for the Step 1 examination has shifted the emphasis from Step 1 scores to other applicant metrics. In competitive specialties such as ophthalmology, programs seem to be placing increased emphasis on applicants’ research productivity.

Purpose: To investigate research productivity among U.S. MD graduates who matched to the SF Match in 2024.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 427 U.S. MD graduates who received a position in the 2024 SF Match–Ophthalmology. We recorded total publications (abstracts and manuscripts), first authorships, and number of ophthalmology-related publications. Data was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, …

The Impact Of Program Signaling On Ophthalmology Program Director And Applicant Residency Match Experience, Riya H. Patel, Neha Sarabu, Albert S. Khouri

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Program signaling (PS), which enables applicants to signal their interest to a specific program, was introduced in the 2024-2025 ophthalmology residency match cycle.

Purpose: To highlight program director (PD) opinions on signaling as well as its impact on interview and match statistics.

Methods: A questionnaire of program demographics and PD experience with PS was sent to all 2024-2025 ophthalmology residency programs. Anonymous responses from PDs were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to detail program characteristics, interview/match statistics, and PD opinions.

Results: A total of 126 questionnaires were sent to PDs, and 32 responses were received …

Virtual Introductory Summer Course In Ophthalmology (Visco): Implementation Of A Novel Online Course To Address Gaps In Ophthalmology Education, Katherine Lucy Jung, Cody Lo, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Sherif R. El-Defrawy, Jonathan A. Micieli, Michael Thai Binh Nguyen

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Ophthalmology education in medical schools worldwide has declined over the past 20 years, despite an aging global population with increasing ocular concerns, highlighting a critical gap in physician training. All physicians must be adequately trained to provide basic ophthalmic care when specialists are unavailable.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the Virtual Introductory Summer Course in Ophthalmology (VISCO), an open-access live virtual program conducted in 2021 and 2022.

Methods: VISCO was created by Canadian ophthalmology faculty, residents, and medical students. The course utilized a “reverse classroom” format where participants were supplied with a reading guide of high-quality …

A Curriculum-Based Approach To Enhance Medical Student Confidence And Performance With Slit Lamp Funduscopy And Indirect Ophthalmoscopy, Matthew C. Johnson, Jia Jia Zhang, Ryan S Meshkin, Ankoor S. Shah, Grayson W. Armstrong

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: As ophthalmology instruction in medical school curricula continues to decrease, opportunities for structured training in slit lamp funduscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy remain scarce. Furthermore, most educational interventions in ophthalmology rely heavily on self-reported confidence rather than objective measures of technical performance.

Purpose: To validate a slit lamp funduscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy educational curriculum for medical students.

Methods: Third- and fourth-year medical students enrolled in an ophthalmology elective were invited to participate in a slit lamp funduscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy teaching session. Students’ subjective confidence levels were assessed via Likert-scale questions on pre- and post-teaching questionnaires (1 …

Barriers To Pursuing Ophthalmology Among Medical Students, Karthik Reddy, Keith Miller, Mana Yacim, Mickey Nguyen, Anjali R. Shah, Shahzad I. Mian, Ariane Kaplan

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Underrepresented in medicine (URM) medical students pursuing ophthalmology are notably scarce. As racial concordance improves health outcomes, understanding perceived barriers is of utmost importance. Limited data exists regarding factors that inform URM medical students’ decisions for declining to pursue ophthalmology.

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with students’ motivations and decision-making process with regard to pursuing ophthalmology.

Methods: From 2019 to 2022, fourth-year medical students at the University of Michigan who were not pursuing ophthalmology completed a questionnaire assessing intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence specialty choice. Using Likert scales, students rated the importance of salary, research, …

Independent Associations With Research Productivity Among U.S. Academic Ophthalmologists Using The Us-Aofd, Brenton T. Bicknell, Josephine Rudd Zhong Manis, Yejin Heo, Haley Chishom, Lance Dzubinski, Taylor L. Aaserud, Alvina Liang, Shayan Massoumi, Thanushri Srikantha, John Stoffer, Guihua Zhai, Basil K. Williams Jr, Steven E. Brooks, Robert Tauscher

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Scholarly productivity is a key marker of achievement in academic ophthalmology, influencing promotion, research support, and leadership opportunities. Prior studies have reported variation by gender, subspecialty, and rank, but few applied regression methods to identify independent predictors.

Purpose: To evaluate demographic, academic, and subspecialty factors associated with research productivity among U.S. academic ophthalmologists and to identify independent predictors through multivariable regression.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 4,028 ophthalmologists across 126 accredited U.S. residency programs using the U.S. Academic Ophthalmology Faculty Database (US-AOFD). Faculty demographics and academic information were obtained from institutional websites, and bibliometric data (publications, …

Exposure To A Vision Screening Program In A Community-Based Clinic Improves Medical Student Confidence And Funduscopy Skills, Karanpreet S. Multani, Jibran A. Sharieff, Justin D. Dvorak, Kai Ding, Tammy Yanovitch

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Vision is critical to overall health, yet ophthalmology training in medical education has declined over the past 50 years, leaving many graduates underprepared to manage common eye conditions. The Johns Hopkins ViSION program demonstrated that structured participation improved students’ confidence and knowledge in ophthalmology, suggesting that integrating vision screening into medical training may enhance medical students’ confidence in performing ophthalmic examinations and recognizing common ophthalmic conditions.

Purpose: To evaluate whether participation in community-based vision screening programs enhances medical students’ ophthalmic examination confidence, examination proficiency, and diagnostic performance.

Methods: Thirty-eight medical students from the University of Oklahoma …

Impact Of Usmle Step 1 Pass/Fail On Research Trends Among Ophthalmology Residency Applicants, Sinan Ersan, Charles Zhang, Yousef Yousef, Fahim Ahmad, Lydia Lanski, Cameron Mcglone, Andrew L Reynolds

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Ophthalmology is a very competitive specialty with a growing number of applicants each academic year. In the past, ophthalmology residency programs used the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 numerical score as a key screening tool to narrow the applicant pool; however, the transition to pass/fail has created uncertainty regarding alternative selection criteria.

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmology residency applications submitted before and after the elimination of the numerical USMLE Step 1 scoring system, with a focus on assessing the volume and quality of research experiences.

Methods: This is a single institution retrospective study examining …

Evaluating The Construct And Face Validity Of The Eyesi Slit Lamp Simulator, Alexi Geevarghese, Jacob Wong, Andrea Blitzer, Jiyuan Hu, Christina R. Prescott

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Simulation-based training has emerged as a valuable tool in ophthalmology education, offering a risk free and structured environment in which trainees can develop clinical skills prior to direct patient care; however, rigorous validation is essential to ensure its educational utility and effectiveness.

Purpose: To assess the construct and face validity of the Eyesi Slit Lamp simulator’s optic nerve and gonioscopy modules.

Methods: Medical students, ophthalmology residents, and attendings were recruited for this prospective study at NYU Langone Health using a consecutive sampling approach. To assess construct validity, participants completed optic nerve and gonioscopy modules on the …

Clinical Appropriateness Of Chatgpt-4.0 And Chatgpt-4.0-Mini For Patient-Facing Ophthalmic Procedure Information, Nicholas Joseph Deluca, Belen Wertheimer, Soumil Prasad, Matthew Mcsoley, Piero Carletti, Zubair Ansari

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Patients increasingly turn to large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, for medical guidance, yet their reliability in ophthalmology remains understudied. Prior work has addressed readability and patient handout generation, but a comprehensive evaluation of ChatGPT’s procedural accuracy is lacking.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy, clinical appropriateness, and readability of ChatGPT-4.0 and ChatGPT-4.0-mini in responding to patient-centered questions about six common ophthalmologic procedures.

Methods: In March 2025, a cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted using standardized questions across five domains (indications, alternatives, procedural steps, risks, and recovery) for six ophthalmologic procedures: intravitreal injection, selective laser trabeculoplasty, YAG …

A New Utopia Called A League-For-A-Living

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

The Propaganda Of Socialism. Report To The National Congress Of The Socialist Party, Held May 15, 1910. Submitted By M. Hillquit., Morris Hillquit

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Taxes Who Pays Who Benefits, A.R. Onda

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

The German Use Of Unemployment Insurance Funds For Works Purposes, E.B. Mittelman

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

The Facts About Palestine, Arthur Lourie

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

The Draft Soviet Constitution, Denis Nowell Pritt, J. B. Priestley, W. Rust

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Employees' Suggestion Systems, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Policyholders Service Bureau.

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Meet Citizen Soldier, Citizen Soldier

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Creating Business Teaching Cases With Deep Research Ai: The Lov Ai Co-Creation Approach, David Grundy

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

This paper examines the use of generative artificial intelligence in the development of teaching cases for MBA programs. The study introduces the Lecturer Oversight and Verification of AI (LOV AI) Co-Creation Approach, which integrates the ChatGPT 5.2 Thinking Deep Research model with structured subject expert supervision to produce teaching extended case studies and related teaching materials. The model is implemented through a multi-step process. First, specific prompts are used to identify and select potential case topics that align with required syllabus objectives. Next, the AI model generates extensive drafts that include narratives, background information, and supporting data for each case. …

Masthead

Seattle University Law Review

No abstract provided.