Digital Commons Network^™

Defense-To-Attack: Bypassing Weak Defenses Enables Stronger Jailbreaks In Vision-Language Models, Yunhan Zhao, Xiang Zheng, Yige Li, Xingjun Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite their superb capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While recent jailbreaks have achieved notable progress, their effectiveness and efficiency can still be improved. In this work, we reveal an interesting phenomenon: incorporating weak defense cues into the attack pipeline can significantly enhance both the effectiveness and efficiency of jailbreaks on VLMs. Building on this insight, we propose Defense2Attack, a novel jailbreak method that bypasses the safety guardrails of VLMs by leveraging defensive patterns to guide jailbreak prompt construction. Specifically, Defense2Attack consists of three key components: (1) a visual optimizer that embeds universal …

Analyzing Developer Discussions On Eu And Us Privacy Legislation Compliance In Github Repositories, Georgia M. Kapitsaki, Maria Papoutsoglou, Christoph Treude, Ioanna Theophilou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Context: Privacy legislation has impacted the way software systems are developed, prompting practitioners to update their implementations. Specifically, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have forced the community to focus on users’ data privacy. Objectives: Relying on the vast amount of data on developer issues available in GitHub repositories, our aim is to gather empirical evidence on the issues developers of Open Source Software discuss to comply with privacy legislation. Method: We examined such discussions by mining and analyzing 32,820 issues from GitHub repositories. We partially analyzed the dataset automatically to identify …

Semantic-Structural Decoupling: Disentangling Semantic Attention From Structural Bias In The Attention Manifold, Pengkun Jiao, Bin Zhu, Jingjing Chen, Yu-Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The empirical success of attention mechanism in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often obscures its inherent, subtle flaws. Specifically, MLLMs consistently exhibit disproportionate attention toward certain semantically uninformative visual tokens, a phenomenon termed "register" or "Visual Attention Sinks." While existing inference intervention methods attempt to identify these sink tokens and redistribute their attention weights, such approaches typically treat these tokens in isolation and suffer from computational inefficiency. Instead, we reframe this phenomenon as a generalized textual bias exerted over visual features that extends beyond isolated sink tokens. From this perspective, a pervasive structural bias leads to the dilution of the …

Mind The Hazard: Modeling And Interpreting Comfort With Personalized Sensing, Yufei Zhang, Matteo Favero, Patrick Chwalek, Sailin Zhong, Denis Lalanne, A. Joseph Paradiso, Clayton Miller, Andrew Sonta

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Recent advances in personalized sensing and comfort feedback have spurred the development of data-driven comfort models tailored to individual needs. However, because current models treat sequential comfort feedback independently, they are subject to unstable predictions and limited interpretability, hindering their deployment in building management. This study introduces a dynamic modeling framework that utilizes a Neural Ordinary Differential Equations-based Continuous-time Markov Chain to model the transitions in comfort states over time. Our modeling approach, developed through a field study utilizing smart glasses and mobile app feedback, tracks occupants' comfort transitions across daily activities and contexts. The results demonstrate that this model …

Crushing Behavior Of Crash Boxes With Hybrid Honeycomb–Auxetic Fillers: Effects Of Architecture, Geometry, And Material Behaviors, A. Yudhanto, A. Jusuf, L. D. Lumanauw, M. Falyanzhuri, A. Afdhal

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Additively manufactured (AM) fillers provide new opportunities to tailor the crushing response and energy absorption of thin-walled metallic crash boxes. This study presents a combined experimental–numerical investigation of hexagonal AA6063-T4 crash boxes filled with architected structures, i.e., honeycomb, auxetic-reentrant, and hybrid honeycomb–auxetic topology. The hybrid configuration, which integrates cells with positive and negative Poisson's ratios, triggers coordinated mechanisms (that enhance folding behavior and collapse control) unattainable via single topology. Quasi-static axial compression tests were conducted to characterize force–displacement curves, deformation mechanisms, energy absorption (EA), and specific energy absorption (SEA). Finite element models developed in the explicit solver LS-DYNA were employed …

Spatialimaginer: Towards Adaptive Visual Imagination For Spatial Reasoning, Yian Li, Yang Jiao, Bin Zhu, Tianwen Qian, Shaoxiang Chen, Jingjing Chen, Yu-Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Spatial intelligence, which refers to the ability to reason about geometric and physical structure from visual observations, remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models. Despite promising performance, recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often exhibit fragile reasoning traces in spatial intelligence tasks that involve consistent spatial state recognition. We argue that these failures stem from a mismatch between the spatial recognition mechanism and the text-only reasoning behavior of these MLLMs. Effective spatial reasoning requires low-level geometric structure to be faithfully preserved and updated throughout the reasoning process, whereas textual representations tend to abstract away precisely these critical details. …

Glial Dysfunction And Memory Impairments In A Model Of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Michael R Williamson, Jorge Botas, Mahyar J Hedayatpour, Thea Zlatkov, Akdes Serin Harmanci, Christopher J Yates, Kenneth Nobleza, Roshan Ailani, Adam C Adler, Farrah Kheradmand, Hyun Kyoung Lee, Benjamin Deneen, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Arvind Chandrakantan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a common childhood disease that often causes aberrant brain development and cognitive deficits. The pathophysiological underpinnings of cognitive impairments in POSA remain unclear. Here, we examined cellular and molecular aspects of pathology in a mouse model of POSA that features learning and memory deficits. We performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the hippocampus to examine gene expression changes in an unbiased and cell type-specific manner. This dataset revealed a striking perturbation of transcriptomes across all brain cell types, particularly within glia and neural stem cells. We validated reduced expression of several differentially expressed genes at …

Maternal Characteristics And The Social Determinants Of Health In Fetal Vs Postnatal Myelomeningocele Repair, Amy Rose Hardcastle

Summer Research Program Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Taste Matters: Designing And Testing A Nurse-Led Intervention In Oncology, Sharon Kilbride, Abigail Dillon, Bree Aguilar, Mary Hook

Nursing

Problem/Research Question: Taste alteration affects up to 70% of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, leading to decreased dietary intake, malnutrition, and poor quality of life. It is often under reported due to lack of taste assessments during toxicity screening and has no known treatment. Researchers have shown that breast cancer patients were able to assess and control alterations with a researcher-delivered intervention. Research is needed to translate this promising strategy for clinical use with populations beyond breast cancer.

Objectives: An oncology-certified infusion nurse observed that many chemotherapy patients experienced taste alterations that affected their quality of life. The observations sparked interest …

Assessing Awareness And Use Of Artificial Intelligence Tools Among Library Personnel In Public And Private Institutions In Ekiti State, Nigeria, Thomas Aanu Ojo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Artificial Intelligence is a technology integrated into libraries as a tool to help eliminate tedious and repetitive tasks. However, its awareness and use in libraries are still in the early stages. Therefore, this study investigated the awareness and use of AI tools among library personnel in public and private institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study population comprised 107 library personnel in Ekiti State. The questionnaire was used to elicit data. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the level of awareness of AI tools among library …

Building Bots That Teach Thinking: Using Custom Ai Chatbots To Enhance Critical Thinking And Decision-Making, Megan Biagi

AI in the Classroom: A Virtual Summit

Generative AI is increasingly common in education, but its effect on student learning depends largely on how it is used. This interactive session will introduce practical strategies for creating custom AI chatbots that encourage students to think through problems rather than simply ask for answers. Participants will explore ways to design bots that ask learners to explain their reasoning, consider alternative perspectives, identify assumptions, and revise their thinking before receiving feedback.   Examples from healthcare education and other disciplines will show how these tools can support guided inquiry, reflective questioning, clinical reasoning, and decision-making. Participants will review and revise sample chatbot …

Crafting Resilient Ai Policies For Education, Delight Ejiaka, Miranda Hannasch, Branden Cunningham

AI in the Classroom: A Virtual Summit

The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence into academic spaces requires a shift from passive restriction to resilient, active pedagogical frameworks. This virtual panel explores actionable strategies to protect academic integrity, promote deep critical thinking, and manage AI use, particularly in foundational courses. Panelists will discuss the implementation of high-engagement classroom interventions. The will offer frameworks for transparent student disclosure practices. Attendees will leave with practical templates for syllabus policies, assignment rubrics, and disclosure benchmarks designed to foster a culture of transparency and process-oriented learning in an AI-permeated landscape.

Influence Of Head Posture In Sitting And Standing Positions On The Vertical Dimension Of Rest Value In Dentate Patients: A Comparative Clinical Study, Mia Bardawil, Carole Abi Ghosn, Jihad Fakhouri

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: This study investigates the value of the vertical dimension of rest (VDR) in dentate patients in different head postures, supported and unsupported by the headrest of the dental chair, as well as in standing position.

Methods: The VDR was measured and compared in 60 dentate individuals aged 20–25 in different positions (sitting with and without head support, and standing) three times per position. The head was aligned according to the Frankfurt plane when unsupported or standing. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and ANOVA to assess the effects of posture, gender, and their interaction. …

Art Inquiries, Vol. 21, Oct. 15, 2026 - Full Issue, Kris K. Belden-Adams

Art Inquiries

No abstract provided.

Vincentians Versus Jansenists: Violence During A Mission, John E. Rybolt C.M.

Vincentian Studies

This study presents and translates the text of an anonymous Jansenist pamphlet of 1739 which narrates a series of violent events that took place during a mission that French Vincentians preached in the parish of Le Plessis-Rozainvilliers. The pastor and the Vincentian mission team both fueled the outbreak of violence. The incidents described offer harrowing insight into attitudes and strongly held beliefs of the era. The context for this was the period of great conflict within France spurred by the bull of Clement XI, Unigenitus [Dei filius], issued on 8 September 1713 to condemn a Jansenist theologian. Rybolt provides an …

Cholesterol Metabolism And Oral Health: An Integrative Review, Raíssa Colherinhas, Carla Guimarães Moutinho, Ana Cristina F Vinha, Carla Alexandra Lopes Andrade De Sousa E Silva

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Background: This integrative review associated changes in cholesterol metabolism and oral diseases. Conditions such as periodontal disease, tooth loss and oral cancer may be influenced by imbalances in lipid levels through mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune modulation.

Highlight: This review examined scientific studies published mainly in the last decade. The findings indicate consistent associations between hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions, peri-implant health, and tooth loss. Hypocholesterolemia was associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Periodontal disease was the most frequently investigated oral condition, representing almost half of the included studies.

Conclusion …

Psychological Therapy In The Management Of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review, Pragatheeswari R, Kavitha M, Sarumathi T, Niveditha B, Barkavi Panchatcharam, Pavithra D, Samu Fathima A I, Vigneshwaran J

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological therapy in the management of temperomandibular disorders compared to other treatment modalities.

Methodology: Studies were selected according to PICO criteria, considering the RDC/TMD as a reference, improvement of pain and psychological parameters were the primary outcomes. Data search was mainly carried out through electronic search in several renowned databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar. The publications collected were published between 2010 and 2024. Randomized clinical trials that compared the efficacy of psychological treatment modality with other conservative treatment modalities were screened and evaluated. A total of 5 …

Stem Cell-Based Therapies In Periodontology And Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Abdullah Saeed, Marycris Padrigo

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Periodontal disease and peri-implantitis remain the leading causes of tooth and implant loss, and conventional regenerative procedures consistently fall short of full structural restoration. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising alternative, operating through multi-lineage differentiation, immunomodulation via paracrine signaling, and extracellular vesicle communication. Prior systematic reviews, however, lacked methodological rigor — omitting clustering adjustments, REML/HKSJ estimation, prediction intervals, and publication bias modeling.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether stem cell therapy produces superior clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to cell-free controls in adults with periodontal or peri-implant bone defects.

Methods: Searches across …

Evaluation Of Enamel Demineralization Around Bonded Lingual Retainers Cured Using The Transillumination Technique: An In Vitro Sem Study, Monis Raza, Achint Juneja, Udit Chaudhary, Anju Treesa Jacob, Vikas Thakur, Aayush Sudan

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Polymerization technique may influence enamel demineralization around bonded lingual retainers by affecting adhesive integrity.

Methods: Eighty-four mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to conventional curing (30 s), transillumination (30 s), or combined curing (15 s each). Specimens underwent pH cycling and were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Demineralization was scored (0–3), and linear lesion depth was measured. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Bonferroni, and Mann–Whitney tests (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: Combined curing significantly reduced demineralization compared with conventional and transillumination protocols (p < 0.001). Gingival regions showed significantly greater demineralization than occlusal regions across all groups.

Conclusions: Combined curing improved enamel preservation and may be an effective strategy for bonded …

Interdisciplinary, Delphi-Driven Consensus Guidelines On The Use Of Intravenous Ketamine Infusions For Depressive Disorders From The American Society Of Ketamine Physicians, Psychotherapists, And Practitioners (Askp3), David S Mathai, Madeleine Cluck, Amna M Aslam, Erin Amato, Arsalan Azam, Michael Banov, Kathleen A Barrett, Carl J Bonnett, David Feifel, Nicolas Grundmann, H Samuel Ko, Rupert Mcshane, Sandhya Prashad, Tatiana Santini, Lowan H Stewart, Patrick Sullivan, Stefany D Wolfsohn, Jill O Robinson, Amy L Mcguire, L Alison Mcinnes

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Off-label use of intravenous ketamine (IVK) for depression is a widespread practice with limited regulation in the United States. There is an urgent need for current, evidence-informed treatment guidelines to facilitate patient safety, clinical decision-making, and care quality in real-world contexts.

Methods: The American Society of Ketamine Physicians, Psychotherapists and Practitioners (ASKP3) convened an interdisciplinary working committee tasked with creating guidelines for use of IVK for depression in outpatient settings. Guideline development followed a two-stage process: 1) a hybrid systematic and targeted evidence review and preliminary drafting by the committee, and 2) consensus refinement through a modified Delphi method …

Corrigendum To “Characterizing The Metabolites Of The Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor Pexidartinib In Mouse Feces, Urine, Plasma, And Liver” [J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 265 (2025) 117034], Xuan Qin, Si Chen, John M Hakenjos, Jian Wang, Lei Guo, Ashish Dogra, Zhaoyong Hu, Kevin R Mackenzie, Feng Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Usd Magazine Fall 2026, Publications Department

University of San Diego Magazine (1992- )

Beauty, Goodness and Truth; Dear Toreros; Around Alcalá Park; Counsel for the Community; Faith in Action; Toreros Together for Global Impact; Climate Collaborative; At the Edge of It All; Global Perspectives; Torero Athletics; Toreros Making Waves; In Memoriam; Leading With Love

Immanuel Kant On The End Of All Things Philosophical Eschatology As Theo-Political Critique, Daniël Muller

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

Immanuel Kant is his apocalyptically inflected essay “The End of All Things”. Throughout this text, Kant reflects upon the question of why humans expect an end to the world at all. What appears to be a series of mere metaphysical ruminations turns out to be a satirical critique of the new Prussian government’s religious policies. In this article, I argue that Kant, by teasing out moral, temporal and teleological meanings of “the end”, uses eschatological grammar to mount an ironic prophetic critique of the political enforcement of a particular type of religion by self-proclaimed Christian politicians.

Observations On Current Adventist Interpretations Of Daniel 11, Tarsee Li

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

of Daniel 11 are at least partially due to the ambiguities of the anaphoric references in the chapter. This study attempts to clarify some of the ambiguities by applying de Regt’s rules for the identification of anaphoric references. The author does not present his own interpretation of the chapter but offers brief observations on some current Adventist interpretations.

An Epistemological Reading Of Second Peter With An Application To Theological Discourse, Terry Robertson

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

community (2 Pet 1), contrasted with those of the false teachers (2 Pet 2), are applied to a truth versus error issue (2 Pet 3). The theme developed in 2 Peter of “growing in knowledge” may be viewed as relational, performative, and consequential. The Christian disciple is equipped to “be not deceived” and to “grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (2 Pet 3:17–18 NIV)—both in the discernment and proclamation of truth. I propose that Peter’s message speaks to theological discourse, how members of the learning community who pursue biblical theology engage one another …

Theories Of Creation Day Inception: Their Nature, History, And Features, Brian Hollis

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

The debate over creation day inception, when the creation days commenced according to the day one account of Gen 1:3–5, has persisted since the earliest times of Christianity. This article explores why this debate has continued so long by surveying the history of the debate and by examining the components of the major theories which have been proposed. The connection of the debate to other theological disputes, along with the fact that neither morning nor evening theory has satisfactorily addressed the temporal challenges of the day one account as yet, have both contributed to the persistence of this debate. Though …

Navigating Japanese Expatriate Children’S Linguistic, Cultural, And Psychological Adjustments To Their Host Communities In Southeast Michigan, Kiyotaka Suga

MITESOL Journal: An Online Publication of MITESOL

This case study explored how three Japanese expatriate children who moved to Southeast Michigan because of their parents’ job-transfer reacted and adjusted linguistically and culturally to new communities. Based on their experiences and perspectives, this study investigated what kind of potential supports can be provided to navigate their linguistic, cultural, and psychological adjustments to their new host communities in Southeast Michigan. To address these research questions, the three participants’ trajectories of their cross-linguistic, cultural, and psychological adjustments were examined through retrospective semi-structured interviews. Content analyses on their interview comments highlighted the following themes: (1) language-related challenges; (2) cross-cultural experiences and …

Piloting Translation Earbuds With Newcomer Multilinguals: An Exploratory Case Study With Teachers In Michigan Public Schools, Robyn Edwards, Joe Terantino

MITESOL Journal: An Online Publication of MITESOL

This exploratory case study examines how in-service teachers (n = 6) piloted translation earbuds to support WIDA Level 1-2 newcomer multilinguals in Michigan K–12 public schools. Grounded in Sociocultural Theory, the study highlights teachers’ perceptions of how the earbuds mediated classroom participation and access to instruction. Teachers identified the earbuds as most effective during content-heavy teacher talk, where real-time interpreting supported newcomers’ comprehension of grade-level content and reduced communication barriers. Teachers also reported that the earbuds increased student participation, encouraged socioemotional engagement, and helped strengthen teacher-student relationships by enabling more immediate and meaningful interaction. At the same time, teachers emphasized …

I Think, Therefore I Am I Am, Therefore I Think, Zrinka Tomašić

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This work is bringing forward questions about animal, plant, inanimate objects (including AI and molecules, atoms and subatomic particles) and even post-mortem consciousness. It gives examples and researches that are made and still being made. It connects the real examples with the philosophic thought past and present, Western and Chinese. It even mentions the research assignment about plant consciousness that is suitable for school children to do. And, although it has so many examples in biology, philosophy, physics and other fields, in the end it asks a question „Are they really conscious“ to every reader to reflect on. To come …

Estimation Of Unmeasurable External Disturbances Of A Dynamic Object Based On A Robust Adaptive Kalman Filter, Bunyod Mamurjon Ugli Buronov

Technical science and innovation

This article considers the problem of directly estimating unmeasurable external disturbances acting on a dynamic object under the condition that the state vector of the object is available for measurement. In the considered case, the problem is reduced to the estimation of an unknown input of a dynamic system. It is shown that when the system state is measurable, both a direct inversion scheme based on the object’s dynamic equation and filtering methods that eliminate the need for coarse numerical differentiation can be applied. For slowly varying disturbances, a random walk model with a small process noise covariance is proposed, …