Digital Commons Network^™

137 Countries Are Building Cbdcs. Three Things Most Are Not Designing For., Deepak Aggarwal

Defensive Publications Series

137 countries. 98% of global GDP. 49 live pilots. Brazil and Russia are launching in 2026. The ECB is finalizing its digital euro rulebook as this goes to press. None of that is the most important number in this space right now. The most important number is 98.5%. That is the share of Nigeria's eNaira wallets that sat unused one year after launch. Full infrastructure. Sovereign backing. Nobody showed up.

Not a technology problem. The eNaira worked. A governance problem. The system could not tell a citizen why they should use it, what it would do with their money, or …

Multiplexing Push Notifications During Artificial Intelligence Session Setup, Francis Bourque, Hung Tsang, Fernando Selma, Jibing Wang

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a way for smartphones and other mobile devices to speed up how fast smart assistants and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots start responding. Normally, starting a new internet connection over 5G or 6G networks causes a short delay. To avoid this delay, as a mobile computing device usually maintains a connection with a cloud infrastructure, such as for push notification services, a computing system may leverage the described techniques of this disclosure. The described techniques may use that existing connection as an initial pathway for data associated with an artificial intelligence session. Using the existing connection allows the …

Caldwell Quantum‑Safe Zero‑Knowledge Authentication Engine (Zk‑Nexus‑1.0), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This invention provides a quantum‑safe zero‑knowledge authentication engine designed for networks that must verify identity without revealing credentials. ZK‑NEXUS‑1.0 integrates multi‑domain entropy fusion, resonance‑stabilized randomness, temporal‑artifact removal, lattice‑based zero‑knowledge proofs, and noise‑aligned challenge‑response protocols. The system improves authentication stability, eliminates credential exposure, and enhances resistance to quantum‑accelerated attacks. The core physics principle is that multi‑modal entropy fusion and resonance‑aligned randomness produce high‑stability zero‑knowledge proofs that remain secure against quantum adversaries. This disclosure includes full architecture, BOM, build path, and test protocol. This work is intended as open‑hardware prior art to ensure global public access.

Caldwell Quantum‑Safe Resonance‑Stabilized Cryptographic Key‑Exchange Engine (Qs‑Nexus‑1.0), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This invention provides a next‑generation quantum‑safe cryptographic key‑exchange engine designed for hybrid networks that must remain secure against classical and quantum attacks. QS‑NEXUS‑1.0 integrates multi‑modal entropy harvesting, resonance‑stabilized randomness, temporal‑artifact removal, hybrid lattice‑based key encapsulation, and adaptive noise‑aligned packetization. The system improves key‑exchange stability, reduces entropy loss, and enhances resistance to quantum decryption. The core physics principle is that multi‑domain entropy fusion and resonance‑aligned randomness produce high‑stability keys that resist quantum‑accelerated attacks. This disclosure includes full architecture, BOM, build path, and test protocol. This work is intended as open‑hardware prior art to ensure global public access.

Caldwell Multi‑Modal Federated‑Learning Engine With Differential Privacy & Resonance‑Stabilized Aggregation (Fl‑Nexus‑2.0), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This invention provides a next‑generation federated‑learning engine for edge devices requiring privacy‑preserving model training without transmitting raw data. The system integrates multi‑modal sensor fusion, temporal‑artifact removal, adaptive gradient compression, differential‑privacy noise shaping, and resonance‑stabilized aggregation to improve accuracy, reduce bandwidth, and enhance privacy. The core architecture uses stabilized multi‑domain tensors and artifact‑cleaned gradients to ensure reliable convergence across heterogeneous devices. The key physics principle is that multi‑modal fusion and resonance‑aligned aggregation reduce drift and noise during distributed learning. This disclosure includes full architecture, BOM, build path, and test protocol. This work is intended as open‑hardware prior art to ensure global …

Caldwell Multi‑Modal Application‑Profile Network Routing Engine (Map‑Nre‑1.0), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This invention provides a multi‑modal network‑quality measurement and routing engine designed to classify and route application traffic based on realistic, application‑specific performance metrics rather than high‑priority control packets. The system measures loss, latency, and jitter using traffic profiles that match actual application behavior, enabling routing decisions that reflect true network conditions. The core architecture integrates distributed measurement nodes, temporal‑artifact inspection, multi‑modal signal profiling, and adaptive routing logic. The key principle is that network liveliness must be measured using representative traffic rather than artificially prioritized packets. This disclosure includes full architecture, BOM, build path, and test protocol. This work is intended …

Multi-Channel Orchestration Of Context-Aware User Feedback Collection, Parnika Singhal

Defensive Publications Series

Collecting user satisfaction data can be challenging, as certain methods, such as delayed, single-channel email surveys, may result in low participation and skewed datasets. Disclosed are systems and methods for a multi-channel, event-driven orchestration framework for soliciting user feedback. A system can be initiated by an event, for example a support case closure, and may send an initial notification directing a user to a survey. For users who do not respond, a conditional, context-aware reminder can be delivered through an alternative communication channel, such as a synchronous chat application, after considering factors like the user's local time and calendar availability. …

Secure Payment Payload Relay From An Offline Payer Device To A Connected Merchant Terminal, Saicharan Nimmala, Vineeth Kumar, Piyush Ramuka, Sanket Jain, Sailendra Bathi, Vishal Shroff

Defensive Publications Series

Digital payment transactions won’t initiate or fail when a payer's computing device lacks an active internet connection, which results in loss of sale for merchants in areas with poor network coverage. This disclosure describes systems and methods that address this issue by leveraging a merchant's network connectivity. For example, a payer's offline computing device (e.g., a smartphone, smart watch, or wearable device) can generate a multi-layered, cryptographically secure data payload encapsulating transaction and authorization details. This payload can then be transferred locally, such as via dynamic quick response (QR) codes or nearfield communication, to a merchant’s terminal with an active …

Adaptive Discovery And Policy-Based Routing Of Local And Network Ai Services, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This article describes a client-side system that discovers artificial-intelligence services available on the same device, on a local network, or through a configured remote connection, and selects a suitable service separately for each request. Selection considers required functions, input sensitivity, response delay, service load, operating cost, network condition, and the client device’s battery and thermal state. A local classifier applies mandatory handling rules before any request leaves the device. Services that fail a functional or data-location constraint are removed; the remaining services are ranked, and ordered alternatives are retained for controlled failover. Conversation state is stored in a service-neutral representation …

Method For Secure, Least-Privilege Local Execution Of Cloud-Hosted Artificial Intelligence Operations On Day-Zero And Network-Isolated Devices Via A Hardened Endpoint Bridge, Marian Volodymyrovych Rydzanych, Goudam Jaganmohan Muralitharan

Defensive Publications Series

A system is described herein for enabling a cloud-hosted artificial intelligence (AI) agent to securely execute a small, explicitly governed, fully audited set of local actions on an operator workstation. A hardened desktop bridge turns the workstation into a trusted proxy that extends the agent to day-zero, greenfield, and network-isolated devices through serial, Universal Serial Bus (USB), and local area network (LAN) paths during initial bring-up. Least privilege is maintained through a sandboxed renderer, a narrow inter-process boundary, a runtime fail-safe command allowlist, operating system (OS) keychain credential isolation, unconditional shell-metacharacter blocking, and an append-only audit log. The agent can …

Book Review: The History And Politics Of Star Wars: Death Stars And Democracy, Petra Hendrickson

Dialogue: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Popular Culture and Pedagogy

Book Review: The History and Politics of Star Wars: Death Stars and Democracy

Reconstructing The Enforcement Of The Code Of Ethics For General Elections In Indonesia: A Prophetic Law Perspective, Fradhana Putra Disantara, Ratih Listyana Chandra, Aan Efendi, Iwan Rachmad Soetijono, Souad Ahmed Ezzerouali

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

This research examines the reconstruction of ethical code enforcement for election organizers in Indonesia through the perspective of prophetic law, arguing that ethical adjudication should extend beyond procedural compliance by integrating humanization, liberation, and transcendence as normative foundations of substantive justice. Employing doctrinal legal research, the study uses statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. It compares Indonesia's regulatory framework with the ethical governance systems of India and the United States to identify institutional models that strengthen integrity while respecting distinct constitutional traditions. The findings demonstrate that ethical adjudication differs fundamentally from administrative law: it governs the forum internum of election …

Caldwell Thermodynamic Upgrade Engine For Global Gaps 31–40, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Global infrastructure analyses identify ten critical thermodynamic gaps beyond the first 30 worldwide gaps: vertical‑farm cooling, micro‑structured desalination, thermal‑stable vaccine manufacturing, atmospheric micro‑particle capture, humanitarian food‑processing stability, satellite ground‑station cooling, remote industrial camp cooling, PFAS‑adjacent soil neutralization, emergency communication node cooling, and AI‑edge device cooling in hot regions.

This disclosure presents a unified thermodynamic upgrade engine composed of gyroid thermal‑hydraulic cores, TPMS purification lattices, vortex‑TPMS cooling modules, atmospheric water harvesters, micro‑particle capture lattices, chip‑scale cooling engines, radiative gyroid condensers, and auxiliary subsystems.

Each subsystem is explained in detail, including how it directly fills a global gap, how it works, and …

In Silico Analysis Of Momordica Charantia Triterpenoids As Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Ligands For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Therapy, Anita Dwi Puspitasari

Chimica et Natura Acta

Type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to rise and calls for safe therapeutic leads. This study assessed the potential of triterpenoids from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ligands at the ATP-binding site through an in silico approach. AMPK (PDB ID: 4QFG) was prepared in YASARA; nine M. charantia triterpenoids and metformin were docked in PLANTS. Redocking of staurosporine validated the protocol (RMSD 0.2376 Å; ≤2.0 Å). Kuguacin J (-89.9934), Karavilagenin B ( 86.4084), and Kuguacin R (-85.8514) yielded lower (more favorable) docking scores than metformin (-56.5325) and interacted with hinge residues (Val96 and Glu94/Glu100). As expected, the …

A Theory Of Hard And Soft Information, Jeremy Bertomeu, Ivan Marinovic

Olin Business School Faculty Research

This paper studies a model of optimal disclosure via two comp eting communi- cation channels, hard information whose value has been veri fied and soft disclo- sures (e.g., forecasts, unaudited statements, press relea ses). We show that certain soft disclosures may contain as much information as hard dis closures and establish that: (a) exclusive reliance on soft disclosures tends to co nvey bad news, (b) cred- ibility is greater when unfavorable information is reporte d and (c) misreporting is more likely when soft information is issued jointly with har d information. We also show that a soft report that is …

From Service To Start-Up: Personality Prediction Of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation In Female Veterans And Current Service Members, Carolyn Flinn Gaskill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The entrepreneurial orientation of female veterans and current service members remains insufficiently understood despite their growing presence in the military and small-business sectors. Organizational leaders need to understand this concern as an important indicator of entrepreneurial potential, innovation capacity, and business development outcomes among women with military experience. Grounded in personality theory and the individual entrepreneurial orientation framework, this quantitative predictive correlational study examined whether the Big Five traits, individually and collectively, predicted individual entrepreneurial orientation (Ind-EO) among 135 U.S. female veterans and current female service members. They completed the Big Five Inventory-2 and the Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale in …

Exploring Multicultural Competence Among Mental Health Workers When Providing Treatment To African American Males, Ashley Hightower

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American men experience disproportionately low rates of mental health service utilization and often report negative perceptions of mental illness. Despite documented mental health disparities, limited research has explored how mental health workers understand and apply multicultural competence when providing treatment to African American men. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior and social identity theory, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of mental health workers regarding multicultural competence in their work with African American men. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with seven mental health workers recruited through purposive sampling. Interview …

Reliability And Validity Of The Competency Inventory Registered Nurses Scale, Khulan Gaalan, Alima Alima, Solongo Dashnyam

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Nursing competency is vital to delivering high-quality healthcare services. Robust and culturally appropriate assessment tools are essential for evaluating nursing performance and guiding professional development. This study aimed to examine the internal reliability and construct validity of the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN) scale in the Mongolian context.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 550 randomly selected registered nurses working in 11 public tertiary hospitals in Ulaanbaatar and five regional hospitals of Mongolia. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, and construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Sampling adequacy was evaluated using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin …

Binaural Beats Enhance Cognitive And Autonomic Function In Disorders Of Consciousness, Yu-Ju Chen, Ching-I Li, Chen-Xi Lin

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) exhibit a lack of responsiveness and inability to communicate, presenting significant clinical care challenges (Spaccavento et al., 2024). Scholars have explored auditory stimulation to activate brain regions and promote recovery (Ling et al., 2023). Binaural beat (BB) stimulation, a specific auditory stimulus, has gained attention for its potential to modulate brainwave patterns and improve cognitive states (Chockboondee et al., 2024). However, while promising, the evidence for BB-induced brainwave entrainment is inconsistent, and its application in DoC patients remains limited (Ingendoh et al., 2023; Zhu et al., 2019).

Purpose: This study aimed to compare …

Leveraging Technology To Mitigate Cognitive Load In Nursing Education: An Integrative Review, Joset Brown, Dione Sandiford, Caroline Meza

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Prelicensure nursing students face significant cognitive challenges as they balance academic coursework with rigorous clinical training [1]. These demands often exceed cognitive capacity, leading to cognitive overload which hinders information processing and retention [2]. Cognitive load refers to the mental effort required to process information within working memory; while cognitive overload occurs when intrinsic, extraneous, and germane demands exceed this capacity [3,4]. Integrating technology-driven strategies offers opportunities to optimize working memory and enhance learning outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize current evidence on factors influencing cognitive load and examine technology-based interventions designed to mitigate …

Perception About Self-Management Education For People With Hypertension And Low Health Literacy, Nhi Thi Vo, Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo, Hon Lon Tam

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Aim: Self-management education is a key component of hypertension care. However, individuals with low health literacy often have suboptimal self-management skills even after receiving such education. Little is known about their experiences in receiving self-management education. This study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers of accessing, understanding, appraising and using information provided in self-management education among community-dwelling individuals with hypertension in Vietnam, with perspectives from healthcare professionals and people with hypertension.

Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants with hypertension who were currently receiving care at a community health centre (CHC) in Vietnam, …

Accessibility In Clinical Learning: An Immersive Assessment Project, Candace W. Burton, Kayla Sullivan, Angela Silvestri-Elmore

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Nursing students with physical disabilities (NSWPD) face barriers in clinical learning including physical inaccessibility, lack of awareness or training in faculty and staff, and bias in professional evaluation (1-3). The project purpose was to directly identify barriers to clinical learning for NSWPD.

Method: Investigators developed an evidence-based assessment guide covering perceived challenges to accommodations for NSWD, stakeholder knowledge, and other issues (4-6). A university disability specialist (DS) was embedded with students in simulation laboratory and clinical sites in July-October 2025. The DS observed lectures, skills practice, patient encounter simulations, peer assessment, instructor-oversight assessment, patient interactions/duties, and other responsibilities.

Findings included …

Research Nexus : Volume 41 – 2026, Office Of Research And Graduate Studies

Office of Research and Graduate Studies

• Researcher Spotlight
• Research Milestones & News
• Capacity Building Initiatives
• Extramural Submissions & Research Support
• Celebrating New Beginnings
• NIH Updates & Other Resources
• New Grant Opportunities

Effect Of Field Leadership On Achieving Performance Quality Among Specialist Supervisors Of Sport Education, Khlood Hameed Abbas

Modern Sport

This study aims to develop a dedicated questionnaire to measure the effect of field leadership on achieving performance quality among specialist supervisors of sport education in the Directorate General of Education in Baghdad / Al-Karkh/ 2, in sical education teachers (N = 463). The sample was divided into an exploratory sample (n = 48) and a main application sample (n = 415), achieving an actual response rate of 89.3%. A 26-item instrument was developed to assess field leadership dimensions (13 items) and performance quality outcomes (13 items). Statistical analysis processed via SPSS revealed that under Field Leadership, the item concerning …

An Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy Critic–Waspas Framework For Prioritizing Healthcare Delivery Models To Enhance Patient Satisfaction Under Uncertainty, Mariam Hamada, Ahmed Samy, Mohamed M. Abdelhafeez, Shrouk El-Amir

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Selecting an appropriate healthcare delivery model is important for improving the quality of healthcare services and enhancing patient satisfaction. However, this decision is complex because it involves several criteria, uncertainty, and different expert opinions. To handle this uncertainty, this paper uses Interval-Valued Spherical Fuzzy Sets (IVSFSs), which allow experts to express their evaluations more flexibly. This paper proposes an integrated interval-valued spherical fuzzy CRITIC-WASPAS approach to prioritize healthcare delivery models. The CRITIC method is used to determine the objective weights of the evaluation criteria, while the WASPAS method is used to rank the healthcare delivery models. Expert evaluations are expressed …

Hyperlattice-Valued And Superhyperlattice-Valued Uncertain Sets With Decision Applications, Takaaki Fujita, Ajoy Kanti Das, Sankar Prasad Mondal, Arif Mehmood, Arkan Ghaib

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Fuzzy set theory enriches classical sets by assigning to each element a graded membership in [0,1], thereby capturing partial inclusion and uncertainty. The notion of an Uncertain Set further abstracts this idea by allowing membership to take values in a general degree-domain, providing a unified language that subsumes fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophic, plithogenic, and related models. On the algebraic side, a hyperlattice replaces one lattice operation by a multivalued hyperoperation, enabling the representation of ambiguous or non-deterministic combinations, while a superhyperlattice iterates this structure through powerset lifting to obtain higher-order layers of interaction. Motivated by these developments, we introduce HyperLattice-valued …

Impact Of Nurse Residency Programs On Soft Skills In Newly Graduated Nurses: An Integrative Review, Hyejung Lee, Heemoon Lim, Jungwoo Hwang

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Soft skills (non-technical skills) are increasingly recognized as essential for facilitating newly graduated nurses’ transition into professional nursing roles. Newly graduated nurses often face challenges in this transition, and nurse residency programs have been implemented to support the process. Despite growing recognition of the importance of soft skills, understanding of how these programs influence soft skills remains limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the soft skills addressed in nurse residency programs and examine how these programs influence the soft skills of newly graduated nurses.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in May 2024 using seven electronic databases: APA …

More Than Mechanics: Caring For Students’ Emotions, Identity, And Growth In Writing, Anna Gale, Brenda Elliott, Nancy J. Frank

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Developing nursing students as scholarly writers requires dedicated time and faculty support. One strategy faculty use to advance students’ growth is scaffolded writing assignments. Unfortunately, writing remains problematic in the profession. One potential rationale for this is faculty may focus too heavily on giving feedback specific to grammar and writing mechanics, which can underscore the value of writing, Students experience a range of emotions when receiving feedback on their written work, from joy to disappointment, which shapes the learning experience, self-efficacy, and identity development.

The researchers conducted a qualitative study and subsequent secondary analysis of interview data from 16 nurse …

Frontmatter (Volume 19 Issue 2), Bruce R. Johnson

Sehnsucht: The C. S. Lewis Journal

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of The Association Between School Prevention Programs And Adolescents’ Opioid Abuse In The United States, Lida Moazezi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined adolescent opioid misuse in the United States and the role of school-based prevention. Guided by the health belief model, the purpose was to test whether participation in school-based drug prevention lessons was associated with past-year opioid misuse among adolescents ages 14–17 and whether race and gender moderated that association. This quantitative, cross-sectional, nonexperimental secondary analysis used the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 8,965). Analyses included weighted descriptives, chi-square tests, and complex-samples logistic regression controlling for age and socioeconomic status. The sample included adolescents ages 14–17 with complete data on school-based prevention participation, …