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2025

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The Glass From The Western Wall Tunnels, Jerusalem, Tamar Winter Dec 2025

The Glass From The Western Wall Tunnels, Jerusalem, Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The 2018–2020 excavations in Rooms 8, 21 and 22 in Jerusalem’s Western Wall Tunnels yielded glass finds dated mostly to the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic and Mamluk periods. Noteworthy among the Early Roman period vessels is a bichrome piece adorned with opaque-white flecks, of a type rarely found in excavations. This fragment, and a similar piece from the Jewish Quarter, probably belonged to imported modioli, attesting to the affluence of Jerusalem’s inhabitants in the Early Roman period.

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A Unique Historical Water Lifting System In Southern Palestine, Avraham (Avi) Sasson Dec 2025

A Unique Historical Water Lifting System In Southern Palestine, Avraham (Avi) Sasson

'Atiqot

The high water-level of the aquifer in the southern coastal plain of Palestine sets the stage for many private wells in villages. Various researchers mentioned a unique method of drawing water in this region, the “self-emptying bucket,” which entailed attaching a rope rolled on a drum to a container and an animal that would pull it by walking away from the well. Once the container reached the surface, the water poured into a small collection pool. In order to ease the burden, the animal was guided downslope. This method was only useful for irrigating small areas, but since groundwater was …

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A Spring Tunnel, Aqueducts And Water-Powered Flour Mills Along Naḥal Qeni: A History Of Water Exploitation, Yotam Tepper Dec 2025

A Spring Tunnel, Aqueducts And Water-Powered Flour Mills Along Naḥal Qeni: A History Of Water Exploitation, Yotam Tepper

'Atiqot

Naḥal Qeni (Wadi el-Lajjun) is a perennial stream that flows east of Ramat Menashe to Naḥal Qishon, passing south of Kibbutz Megiddo. Along this stream, the remains of aqueducts and flour mills were recorded, reflecting its long-standing importance. From the Roman period onward, the area was settled by a Jewish village (Kefar ‘Othnay), a Roman legionary base (Legio) and a city, Maximianopolis, continuing through the Byzantine period, following as Lajjun (el-Lajjun) during the Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Ottoman periods. This paper examines the water sources, aqueducts and mills of Naḥal Qeni, based on historical accounts and modern surveys. It is …

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The Water-Supply System To Ramla In The Early Islamic Period, Ron Toueg, Yuliya Gummeny, Oren Shmueli, Omri Danziger Dec 2025

The Water-Supply System To Ramla In The Early Islamic Period, Ron Toueg, Yuliya Gummeny, Oren Shmueli, Omri Danziger

'Atiqot

For many years, several reservoirs for storing drinking water were known in Ramla, some of which were described by nineteenth- and twentieth-century travelers and scholars. The best-known examples are three reservoirs under the White Mosque courtyard: Birket Bint al-Kāfir, Birket al-Jammūs and the most famous of all, Pool of the Arches. Until about a decade ago, these were the only reservoirs identified in Ramla, and it was assumed—based on excavations in the White Mosque and in the Pool of the Arches—that all except Birket al-Jammūs, were supplied by the aqueduct. Since then, three additional subterranean reservoirs have been uncovered: a …

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Strategic Water Management In The Fortified Monasteries Of Western Samaria As A Tool For Controlling An Agricultural Region, Yair Elmakayes, David Ben-Shlomo, Naomi Hadad, Amos Frumkin Dec 2025

Strategic Water Management In The Fortified Monasteries Of Western Samaria As A Tool For Controlling An Agricultural Region, Yair Elmakayes, David Ben-Shlomo, Naomi Hadad, Amos Frumkin

'Atiqot

Toward the end of the Roman and the beginning of the Byzantine periods, similar, impressive, fortified structures were built in Western Samaria. During the latter period, these structures began to function as fortified monasteries of martial character, all possessing highly sophisticated water systems that share a common construction plan. This article reviews the water systems of four sites—Deir Sam‘an, Deir Qal‘a, Deir Daqle and Deir el-‘Arab—as part of a renewed survey of water reservoirs in the area. The study revealed that their water storage capacities exceeded their inferred populations’ needs. Thus, it is concluded that the monasteries’ water infrastructure had …

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The Naḥal ‘Avedat Reservoirs: A Unique Road Site In The Negev Highlands, Tali Erickson-Gini, Ofer Sion Dec 2025

The Naḥal ‘Avedat Reservoirs: A Unique Road Site In The Negev Highlands, Tali Erickson-Gini, Ofer Sion

'Atiqot

Multiple water reservoirs and structures on a bend of Naḥal ‘Avedat, south of Oboda (‘Avedat), have attracted the attention of researchers for some 70 years. The resercoirs lay along a road suggested to be the biblical Way of the Spies (Derekh Ha-Atarim, דרך האתרים), leading through the dry streambeds of Naḥal Niẓẓana, Naḥal La‘ana and Naḥal ‘Avedat, connecting ancient Qadesh Barneʻa to the central and northern Negev. This site includes a tenth-century BCE Israelite structure, a Nabataean fort (Meẓad Naḥal ‘Avedat), a small Byzantine-period hamlet and other structures, all built in the close vicinity of the reservoirs cut into the …

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Exploring The Wall Graffiti In The Raqafot Reservoir, Be’Er Sheva‘, Davida Eisenberg-Degen, Deborah Cvikel Dec 2025

Exploring The Wall Graffiti In The Raqafot Reservoir, Be’Er Sheva‘, Davida Eisenberg-Degen, Deborah Cvikel

'Atiqot

Graffiti depicting ships, animals and human/anthropomorphic figures were incised into the late Byzantine plaster layer of an Early Roman period rock-cut reservoir, located c. 4 km north of ancient Be’er Sheva‘, Israel. Although the reservoir was in use over the centuries, and as late as World War I, the latest plaster layer was applied in the late Byzantine period. The ship graffiti, seemingly incised with a sharp thin-edged tool shortly after the plaster was applied, depict the outlines of the hulls and rigging elements, and the ships are depicted as square-rigged merchantmen, typical of the period. The knowhow displayed in …

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The Water Cisterns In The Roman-Period Jewish Town Of Bet She‘Arim, Danny Binshtok, Adi Erlich, Tsvika Tsuk Dec 2025

The Water Cisterns In The Roman-Period Jewish Town Of Bet She‘Arim, Danny Binshtok, Adi Erlich, Tsvika Tsuk

'Atiqot

Bet She‘arim (Beth She‘arim) in the western Lower Galilee was a Jewish town in the Roman period, renowned for its elaborate necropolis that served local and Diaspora Jews. Since there was no natural water source within the town, the local population collected rainwater in cisterns, pools and reservoirs. Water was required for daily life, and for the ritual purification baths that were an integral component of Jewish settlements in the second–third centuries CE. This paper presents a survey of rock-hewn and plastered bell-shaped cisterns distributed throughout the town, only a few of which were excavated. Some of the cisterns exhibit …

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The Circular Structure At ‘Ein Al-Qastal: A Springhouse?, Jacob Sharvit, Ofra Barkai Dec 2025

The Circular Structure At ‘Ein Al-Qastal: A Springhouse?, Jacob Sharvit, Ofra Barkai

'Atiqot

‘Enot Ẓippori, situated approximately 2 km west of Nazareth in Lower Galilee, are a group of springs, the most prominent of which is ‘Ein al-Qastal, marked by a distinctive circular structure traditionally interpreted as a ‘springhouse.’ Following recent investigations conducted by the Maritime Unit of the Israel Antiquities Authority, including a geophysical survey and targeted excavations of the installation and a nearby British Mandate-period pumping station, it is suggested that the structure was a Roman-period settling pool. The associated hydraulic system, comprising subterranean channels and pools, appears to have transported water from ‘En Rabi to supply domestic and agricultural needs …

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Revisiting The ‘Aujah Aqueducts: New Insights And Discoveries, Yevgeny Aharonovich, Hananya Hizmi, Tal Orenshtein, Haim Shkolnik Dec 2025

Revisiting The ‘Aujah Aqueducts: New Insights And Discoveries, Yevgeny Aharonovich, Hananya Hizmi, Tal Orenshtein, Haim Shkolnik

'Atiqot

The spring of ‘Ein el-‘Aujah emerges from the seam between the ‘Aujah Valley and the Samaria Hills. Being the most abundant of the Jordan Valley springs, a complex water conveyance system was established there under Hasmonean rule, further developing under King Herod and his family, when water was conveyed from ‘Ein el-‘Aujah to the king’s palace complex in Jericho and to Archelais. This article presents the results of excavations conducted in recent years in two different sections of the main ‘Aujah aqueduct and in a survey that incorporated new measuring techniques. The findings indicated that the ‘Ein el-‘Aujah aqueduct from …

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The Date And Function Of The Horizontal Gutter-Like Water Channels Along The Walls Of The Herodian Temple Mount, Nahshon Szanton, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Dec 2025

The Date And Function Of The Horizontal Gutter-Like Water Channels Along The Walls Of The Herodian Temple Mount, Nahshon Szanton, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

Elongated channels, some of which preserved traces of plaster, run across the upper courses of the western and southern walls of the Herodian Temple Mount. These were previously explained as gutters, cut and utilized during the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods (or later), or as the negatives of floors of a three-story building that had once stood adjacent to the western Temple Mount wall. This article challenges these interpretations, arguing that the channels were cut exclusively in the Herodian courses of the wall, with no evidence of continuation following later renovations. Based on similar channels carved into first-century CE high-standing …

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Front Matter, Editorial Board, Zvi Greenhut Dec 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board, Zvi Greenhut

'Atiqot

Front Matter

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Association Of Aerobic Performance With Balance, Anaerobic Power, Agility, And Visual Reaction Time In Fencers, Aysel Gökçe Kurt, Manolya Acar Dec 2025

Association Of Aerobic Performance With Balance, Anaerobic Power, Agility, And Visual Reaction Time In Fencers, Aysel Gökçe Kurt, Manolya Acar

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic performance on balance, anaerobic power, agility, and visual reaction in fencers and was designed as a prospective cohort study. Materials and methods: This study involved 26 fencing athletes (age = 20.35 ± 5.12 years, sports experience: 8.44 ± 4.33 years). The 20-m shuttle test, the vertical jump test, the Y-balance test, the fencing-specific 4-2-2-4 forward-back step method, and the Nelson hand reaction test were used to evaluate aerobic performance, anaerobic performance, balance, agility-change of direction, and visual reaction, respectively. Results: The maximum oxygen consumption determined with a use of the …

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Reassessing Indonesia's In-Kind Benefit Tax Regulation: Insights From Australia, Florencia Irena Gunawan, Maria Na Uli Salsabilah Sabililah Dec 2025

Reassessing Indonesia's In-Kind Benefit Tax Regulation: Insights From Australia, Florencia Irena Gunawan, Maria Na Uli Salsabilah Sabililah

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

This research critically assesses Indonesia's in-kind benefit tax regulatory framework based on the principles of equity, certainty, and neutrality, drawing comparative insights from Australia's fringe benefits tax system. Utilizing a normative juridical method, this study finds that integrating in-kind benefits into Indonesia's income tax framework poses several challenges. First, under the equity principle, current valuation methods do not accurately reflect employees' ability to pay, potentially resulting in inequitable tax burdens. Second, under the certainty principle, ambiguities in the exemption rules may create risks of differing interpretations between taxpayers and tax authorities. Third, under the neutrality principle, differential treatment across industries …

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Achieving Judicial Consistency Through The Establishment Of Civil And Criminal Chambers In Indonesia's District And High Courts, Dwi Bintang Satrio, Efa Laela Fakhriah, Artaji Artaji Dec 2025

Achieving Judicial Consistency Through The Establishment Of Civil And Criminal Chambers In Indonesia's District And High Courts, Dwi Bintang Satrio, Efa Laela Fakhriah, Artaji Artaji

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia has implemented the chamber system to achieve judicial consistency and fulfil the fundamental objectives of law, namely legal certainty, justice, and expediency. However, despite this effort, inconsistencies in judicial decisions remain prevalent, particularly in civil and criminal cases at the district and high court levels. This study employed a normative juridical approach supported by case analysis to examine the effectiveness of the current chamber system in achieving judicial consistency and to identify structural weaknesses that hinder its optimal implementation. The results reveal that judicial inconsistencies are found in several court decisions, such …

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The Death Penalty For Bribery-Related Corruption In Social Assistance During Non-Natural Disasters: A Legal Certainty Perspective, Elly Sudarti, Sahuri Lasmadi, Andi Agus Salim, Riana Devi Lestari, Mohammad Thoriq Bahrie Dec 2025

The Death Penalty For Bribery-Related Corruption In Social Assistance During Non-Natural Disasters: A Legal Certainty Perspective, Elly Sudarti, Sahuri Lasmadi, Andi Agus Salim, Riana Devi Lestari, Mohammad Thoriq Bahrie

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

This article analyzes the judge's verdict regarding the bribery corruption of social assistance during a non-natural disaster committed by Juliari Batubara. It questions whether such bribery corruption can be punishable by the death penalty. Juliari was not sentenced to death because the law only threatens the death penalty under natural disaster conditions, and COVID-19 is not considered a natural disaster. The death penalty is only threatened for corruption under Article 2, paragraph 2, not for bribery corruption. The judge's decision followed conventional legal norms, resulting in a verdict that was overly normative and failed to address the issue. This article …

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Reapproaching International Law Through Twail: Reclaiming Marine Sovereignty And Rights Of The Global South Within Law Of The Sea, Ria Wierma Putri, Febryani Sabatira, Orima Melati Davey, Afandi Sitamala Dec 2025

Reapproaching International Law Through Twail: Reclaiming Marine Sovereignty And Rights Of The Global South Within Law Of The Sea, Ria Wierma Putri, Febryani Sabatira, Orima Melati Davey, Afandi Sitamala

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), also understood as a theory of decolonizing international law, offers a critical framework for analyzing the historical evolution of international law and its continuing impact on Global South nations. This article examines TWAIL's perspective within the Law of the Sea, with particular attention to the ways in which the dominance of marine resource use by industrialized states perpetuates structural inequities over less powerful states. Since the 1950s, TWAIL scholars have emphasized the importance of amplifying Global South voices to challenge entrenched colonial legacies and reshape the future of international law. The purpose of …

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Debating Expert Authority In Corruption Cases: The Challenge Of Interpreting State Financial Losses Under The 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code, Wendy Kenafiana Assanti, Hendry Julian Noor Dec 2025

Debating Expert Authority In Corruption Cases: The Challenge Of Interpreting State Financial Losses Under The 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code, Wendy Kenafiana Assanti, Hendry Julian Noor

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

The 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code revises the formulation of corruption offenses, including rules on proving state financial losses; however, the elucidation of Article 603 raises questions regarding the competent institution and the evidentiary weight of audit results. This study examines how the provision may perpetuate ongoing debates over experts’ authority to determine state financial losses, which are often perceived as affecting legal certainty, and proposes a reformulation to provide clearer legal guidance. This doctrinal study employs statutory and case law approaches, utilizes qualitative methods, and applies Gustav Radbruch’s perspective as an analytical lens. It finds that Article 603’s elucidation uses …

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Legal Implication And Solution: The Exemption For Apartment And Flat Developer's Bankruptcy Request As Insufficient To Meet Simple Proof Requirements, Veri Antoni, Azka Farrell Razaga Dec 2025

Legal Implication And Solution: The Exemption For Apartment And Flat Developer's Bankruptcy Request As Insufficient To Meet Simple Proof Requirements, Veri Antoni, Azka Farrell Razaga

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) 3/2023 states that apartment and/or flat developers do not meet the simple proof requirements referred to in Article 8 paragraph (4) of Law 37/2004. This paper aims to answer what is the legal implication of the exception to the bankruptcy request against apartment and/or flat developers that were considered insufficient to meet the simple proof requirement in SEMA 3/2023? and what the solutions as a recommendation that can be provided? This research is normative legal research that employs legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches through document studies to obtain secondary data. Simple proof in bankruptcy law refers …

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Antitrust In Practice: Case-Based Comparative Analysis Of Predatory Pricing Enforcement In Indonesia And The United States, Anna Maria Tri Anggraini, Ahmad Sabirin, Farhandi Himawan Dec 2025

Antitrust In Practice: Case-Based Comparative Analysis Of Predatory Pricing Enforcement In Indonesia And The United States, Anna Maria Tri Anggraini, Ahmad Sabirin, Farhandi Himawan

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

Business entities employ predatory pricing as a strategy primarily aimed at eliminating competitors. The regulation and detection of predatory pricing are complex processes, and each country adopts distinct mechanisms to address the issue. The scientific contribution of this study lies in its comparative analysis of two different legal systems—Indonesia’s civil law and the United States’ common law—in addressing predatory pricing practices under competition law. It examines how differing legal frameworks influence the methods of proof, the application of the rule of reason principle, and the pattern of sanctions imposed on business actors. In addition, this study adopts an interdisciplinary approach …

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System For Real-Time Selective Visual Filtering In Augmented Reality Based On Object Segmentation, Tamar Yakar, Ilia Labzovsky Dec 2025

System For Real-Time Selective Visual Filtering In Augmented Reality Based On Object Segmentation, Tamar Yakar, Ilia Labzovsky

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods can provide real-time, selective visual filtering on a wearable computing device (e.g., augmented reality glasses, a smartphone, a smart watch, etc.). The technology may utilize a multi-stage pipeline that can employ object detection to identify predefined subjects and image segmentation to generate a pixel-level mask. An overlay generation module can then apply a configurable visual filter, for example, a blur or a solid color, over the masked area. This approach can help mitigate the visual impact of stimuli while helping to preserve the clarity of the surrounding environment, which may allow a user to maintain situational awareness.

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Algorithmic Advantage: How Ai Is Reshaping Ncaa Recruiting Strategy And Athlete Mobility, Lawrence W. Judge, Marshall Magnusen Dec 2025

Algorithmic Advantage: How Ai Is Reshaping Ncaa Recruiting Strategy And Athlete Mobility, Lawrence W. Judge, Marshall Magnusen

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming NCAA sports recruiting by offering scalable, data-rich tools that enhance how talent is identified, evaluated, and strategically pursued. Amid the complexities introduced by the transfer portal, name, image, and likeness (NIL) regulations, and rising recruitment costs, AI enables collegiate programs to make faster, more accurate, and financially informed recruiting decisions. Drawing on examples from emerging technologies and real-world institutional practices, the paper highlights the operational benefits of AI, such as efficiency gains, enhanced evaluation accuracy, and expanded reach to under-resourced or geographically remote athletes. At the same time, it critically explores challenges around algorithmic bias, …

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From Enhancement To Substitution: A Strategic Provocation On Simulation-Based Sport, Grant B. Morgan, Andreas Stamatis Dec 2025

From Enhancement To Substitution: A Strategic Provocation On Simulation-Based Sport, Grant B. Morgan, Andreas Stamatis

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Advances in artificial intelligence, large-scale machine learning, and simulation technologies are rapidly transforming how sport is played, analyzed, and consumed. To date, most scholarly and industry discussions frame these technologies as tools that enhance embodied sport by improving performance, officiating, media production, and fan engagement. This paper extends that conversation by posing a more provocative strategic question: under what conditions might simulation move from enhancement to substitution? Focusing explicitly on sport as a business and entertainment enterprise, we argue that many of sport’s core sources of cultural and economic value—uncertainty of outcome, narrative continuity, legitimacy, and collective meaning—are structurally …

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Electrochemical Sensors Based On Graphene Oxide/Pedot:Pss Composite Decorated With Bimetallic Gold–Silver Nanoparticles For H2o2 Detection, Rayyan Azzahra Hidayat, Budi Riza Putra, Munawar Khalil, Wulan Tri Wahyuni Dec 2025

Electrochemical Sensors Based On Graphene Oxide/Pedot:Pss Composite Decorated With Bimetallic Gold–Silver Nanoparticles For H2o2 Detection, Rayyan Azzahra Hidayat, Budi Riza Putra, Munawar Khalil, Wulan Tri Wahyuni

Makara Journal of Science

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a biomarker that indicates oxidative stress levels in the human body; thus, rapid and accurate detection methods are necessary to diagnose various disorders. This study developed a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for detecting H2O2 using bimetallic gold–silver nanoparticles (Au–Ag NPs) combined with graphene oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)-modified glassy carbon electrode. The surface properties of the modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrodes was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The bimetallic Au-Ag …

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Effect Of Niobium Addition On Corrosion Behavior, Mechanical Properties, And Microstructures Of U6zr Alloys In An Aerated Environment, Masrukan Masrukan, Djati Handoko, Dede Djuhana, Rohmad Sigit, M. Husna Al Hasa, Wisnu Ari Adi, Siti Mardiah Dec 2025

Effect Of Niobium Addition On Corrosion Behavior, Mechanical Properties, And Microstructures Of U6zr Alloys In An Aerated Environment, Masrukan Masrukan, Djati Handoko, Dede Djuhana, Rohmad Sigit, M. Husna Al Hasa, Wisnu Ari Adi, Siti Mardiah

Makara Journal of Science

The effect of Nb addition on the corrosion behavior of U–6Zr alloys within an aerated, demineralized water (DW) environment (pH 5.61) and its correlation of this addition with the mechanical and microstructural properties of the alloys were investigated. The U–6Zr–xNb alloys (x = 1, 4, and 7 wt.%) were synthesized by arc-melting U, Zr, and Nb. Additionally, the samples were mounted and polished, after which they were subjected to electrochemical corrosion analysis using a potentiostat. This evaluation was conducted in a DW medium (pH 5.6), representing an aerated atmosphere, at room temperature (27°C) and a potentiodynamic scan rate of 1 …

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Detection And Correction Of Object Orientation On Production Lines Using Photodetector-Based Systems, Utkirjon Ubaydullayev, Elmira Raxmanova Dec 2025

Detection And Correction Of Object Orientation On Production Lines Using Photodetector-Based Systems, Utkirjon Ubaydullayev, Elmira Raxmanova

Technical science and innovation

This article addresses the issue of errors occurring in high-speed production lines, particularly those caused by misalignment or incorrect positioning of manufactured objects. Although production lines have significantly enhanced industrial efficiency worldwide, they are not immune to mistakes, especially under rapid operation conditions. To mitigate these errors without human intervention, the proposed solution integrates photodetector sensor matrices with robotic manipulators. The system uses high-resolution photodetector arrays, such as the Hamamatsu S13774 CMOS Linear Image Sensor, to capture shadows of objects on the production line, converting these into numerical data. This data is then processed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and …

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Analyzing The Antecedents Influencing Job Satisfaction Among Information Technology Employees In Saudi Arabia, Khalid Alqarni Dec 2025

Analyzing The Antecedents Influencing Job Satisfaction Among Information Technology Employees In Saudi Arabia, Khalid Alqarni

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Economics and Administration

The factors influencing job satisfaction among Information Technology (IT) staff, vital for effective technology adoption in businesses, have received limited attention. This study examines six components of job satisfaction—promotion opportunities, salary, characteristics of the immediate supervisor, work environment, management philosophy in dealing with subordinates, and performance appraisal systems—in addition to overall job satisfaction. The research aims to evaluate employees' job satisfaction, explore correlations between job satisfaction antecedents and overall satisfaction levels, and determine the relative importance of job satisfaction dimensions from the perspective of IT employees. Analysis of 500 valid responses using SPSS reveals a significant relationship between employees' job …

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Obstacles To Business Incubators In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia And The Proposed Vision To Overcome Them: Perspective Of Entrepreneurs, Thamer Saud Alkhaldi Dec 2025

Obstacles To Business Incubators In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia And The Proposed Vision To Overcome Them: Perspective Of Entrepreneurs, Thamer Saud Alkhaldi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Economics and Administration

Business incubators in our current era play an important role in economic and social development, by encouraging entrepreneurship and the trend towards self-employment, and creating new generations of entrepreneurs with creative ideas. it’s also play a major role in providing full support to emerging projects in terms of converting ideas into viable projects. To implement, and follow up until its maturity and exit. This study aims to discover the obstacles that limit or prevent business incubators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from achieving their goals. It also aimed to propose a vision to overcome these obstacles from Saudi entrepreneurs’ …

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Enhanced Antimicrobial Potential Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) And Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) Extracts Against Pathogenic Microorganisms, Nidal Mohammed Zabermawi Dec 2025

Enhanced Antimicrobial Potential Of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) And Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) Extracts Against Pathogenic Microorganisms, Nidal Mohammed Zabermawi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture

Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Piper nigrum (black pepper) have long been integral to traditional medicine, known for their potential antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of these spices against two pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and one pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Twelve aqueous extracts of turmeric (TE) and black pepper (BPE) were prepared at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% and tested using the agar well diffusion method. Turmeric extracts at all concentrations demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal effects against all the tested isolates. In contrast, black pepper extracts at 20% and 30% showed …

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Examining Herd Behavior In The Saudi Stock Market, Salah Ahmed Oraby Dec 2025

Examining Herd Behavior In The Saudi Stock Market, Salah Ahmed Oraby

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Economics and Administration

The study aims to determine whether market conditions motivate individual investors to engage in herd behavior from 2013 to 2023 for the Saudi stock capital as an emerging market. To achieve this goal, the study used the cross-sectional absolute mean–median difference as the proxy for herd behavior and as the dependent variable, market returns as the independent variable. In addition, the study used descriptive statistics to describe the study variables and the least square regression models to test the study's hypotheses. The overall results for the entire study period found that individual investors exercised irrational herd behavior. However, the yearly …

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