Digital Commons Network^™

Gpbb And Tg/Hdl Ratio As Emerging Indicators In Iraqi Patients Diagnosed With Acute Coronary Syndrome, Alzahraa Ahmed Ammash, Walaa Ismael Jassim, Mohammed Mezher Hussien

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: ACS is one of the most critical health challenge worldwide. It consists of several conditions resulting from a sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle. The early diagnosis is essential to improve the diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. This relies on finding early, sensitive and specific biomarkers. Among these biomarkers are GPBB (glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB), also referred to as the brain-type isoform (PYGB), which is primarily expressed in the brain and heart tissues and the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL). GPBB has recently gained interest as a potential early marker for myocardial ischemia with high novelty, whereas …

The Effect Of VItex Agnus-Castus L. Medium On In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Rate, Nabaa Al-Nawab

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes offers a possible alternative to traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF) for individuals susceptible to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The use of plant-derived bioactive composites as supplements in culture media has attracted attention for their potential to enhance oocyte developmental competence in the absence of synthetic hormones. This investigation aims to examine the effect of Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) aqueous extract on the in vitro maturation rate of murine oocytes. A total of 16 mature female mice were divided into two groups, 8 animals in each group. Immature oocytes were collected and cultivated for …

Detection Of Uropathogenic Bacteria In The Samples Of Iraqi Male Patients, Marwa M. Al-Attar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Prostate disease is found in elderly persons, the prostate is a male reproduction organ. It is approximately the size of a plum that may be found near the bladder’s base. It is the primary cause of the three commonest diseases: prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PC). This study designed to identify the uropathogenic bacteria that caused prostate disorders in Iraqi male samples. A current study included 180 subjects from the Iraqi population, 135 patients were divided into three groups (prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis), according to signs, symptoms and diagnosis by the physician each group …

Prevalence Of Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes Among Esβl Producer P. Aeruginosa In Burn Cases, Yasser Rabee Ibraheem, Majida Malik Alshammari

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Pseudomonas aeruginosa recurrently develops resistant towards aminoglycosides by gaining of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme (AME) genes. The study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa isolated from burn infections in hospitals in Baquba, AL Najaf and Karbala. Detection of genes that mediate the production of AMEs. 175 Burn swab (110 males and 65 females) were collected then cultured on MacConkey‘s and Blood agar for primary culture, and Cetrimide agar was used to isolate and purify the bacteria and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. Then, Vitek 2 system to validate the results. Results revealed that 70 (40%) …

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends And Sccmec Typing Among Mrsa-Infected Diabetic Foot Cases In The Al-Najaf Community, Zahraa Hashim Abd Zaid Al-Sharoofi, Majida Malik Alshammari, Mohammed Abdzaid Akool

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide, often linked to multidrug resistance and limited treatment options. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of MRSA isolates recovered from diabetic foot ulcers in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. A total of 76 S. aureus isolates were collected from patients attending three major hospitals. Identification was conducted using conventional microbiological methods, and methicillin resistance was confirmed phenotypically via cefoxitin disc diffusion and genotypically through PCR amplification of the mecA gene. SCCmec typing was performed using multiplex PCR. The findings revealed that 92.1% of …

Advancements In Perfect Matchings Within Neutrosophic Fuzzy Graphs: Theory And Applications, Muhammad Saeed, Fatima Razaq

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Graph theory has been widely used in exemplifying relational structure, and a greater generalization to fuzzy and neutrosophic space enables the exemplification of uncertainty, indeterminacy, and inconsistency in complex systems. Some of these extensions include the neutrosophic fuzzy graphs that provide a more detailed description of the loose relations between the vertices and the edges. However, unlike in classical graph theory, where the concepts of matching and perfect matching are well developed, very little has been studied on how the two concepts can be extended to neutrosophic fuzzy graphs. To seal this gap, the current paper develops and defines the …

Integrating Mcdm Techniques For Optimized Task Offloading In Multi-Uav- Enaled Mobile Edge Computing System, Amira Salam

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Carefully choosing a task offloading strategy is crucial for optimizing task scheduling and offloading strategies in a multi-UAV system. Regarding cost, responsiveness, scalability, and data security, each strategy has pros and cons. As a result, selecting the best offloading technique is essential to multi-UAV mobile edge computing task scheduling optimization. A methodical and well-informed decision-making process accomplishes this.

The current study introduces a new hybrid methodology for the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model, known as IVNs-DEMATEL-ANP-VIKOR. The purpose of this model is to find and choose an efficient task offloading strategy. With this method, we use IVNs-DEMATEL to show how different …

Mixed Linear Equation–Inequality Systems Over The Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra, Muhammad Rayyanu Abdullahi, Abdulhadi Aminu

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper proposes a neutrosophic extension of max-plus algebra for solving mixed systems of linear equations and inequalities.Classical max-plus algebra is a powerful tool for modeling synchronization in discrete-event systems LastNatpreClose LastNatClose, but it assumes fully deterministic data.To incorporate uncertainty and indeterminacy, we reformulate the framework so that coefficients and variables are expressed as neutrosophic numbers

γ+λI,γ,λ∈ℝ,I∈[0,1],

where I quantifies the degree of indeterminacy.

We redefine the max-plus semiring in this neutrosophic setting, extend solvability and uniqueness results, and adapt the ONEMLP-EI algorithm LastNatpreClose LastNatClose to handle neutrosophic …

Mapping Sustainability To Cybernetic-Generative Artificial Intelligence-Based Education: An Innovative Neutrosophic Orbifold-Lattice Methodology, Mona Mohamed, Ahmed A. Metwaly

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The lightning-fast development of artificial intelligence (AI), notably generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) technologies, has intrigued multiple disciplines, particularly education. In this context, Large Language Models (LLMs) serve as beneficial cognitive resources that address knowledge deficits and provide tailored educational support for learners and staff. For learners, LLMs are regarded as knowledgeable educators who offer prompt, focused responses and rationales to tricky queries. Whereby LLMs for staff, Strength enhancer, automating tedious tasks, and creating intelligent resources.Gen AI’s rapid growth offers enormous obstacles for educational systems, compelling them to discover solutions for these obstacles.

Conceptually, cybernetics is leveraged for bridging the …

Neutrosophic Σ - Baire Spaces, R. Vijayalakshmi, F. Josephine Daisy, M. Simaringa

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

A Neutrosophic Baire Space extends the concept of Baire Space from classical topology to the realm of neutrosophic topology which deals with sets and spaces where truth, falsehood and indeterminancy are explicitly considered. In this paper the concept of neutrosophic σ - baire spaces are introduced in Neutrosophic topological spaces. Also Neutrosophic σ - dense, Neutrosophic σ - nowhere dense, Neutrosophic σ -first category and Neutrosophic σ - second category sets are defined. Several characterizations of neutrosophic σ - baire spaces are investigated and explained using examples and the conditions under which a neutrosophic topological space becomes a neutrosophic σ …

Effective Leadership Strategies For Aligning Vision And Mission To Drive Sustainability, Nyree Price

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Organizational leaders often struggle when ambitious innovation outpaces the systems, structures, and leadership practices needed to support consistent operational performance. When leaders fail to implement effective resolution strategies to align the organizational vision and mission with operational effectiveness, it impacts long-term operational effectiveness, productivity, and long-term sustainability. This qualitative single case study was an exploration of the strategies used by some business leaders in a mid-sized, for-profit telecommunications firm in the Midwest United States. The study applied the Baldrige Excellence Framework as the conceptual lens. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with executive leaders and through an analysis of internal …

Biotechnologies And The Treaty Gap: Why Biological Weapons Governance Is Falling Behind; And Some Thoughts On How To Fix It, James Giordano

Strategic Insights

This commentary examines how rapid advances in biotechnology are outpacing the ability of existing international agreements, especially the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), to effectively govern emerging risks. Dr. Giordano explains that technologies such as synthetic biology, gene editing, and AI-assisted biological design are creating capabilities that blur the line between legitimate research and potential misuse, leaving enforcement and oversight systems outdated. These developments expose a “treaty gap” in which governance does not match technological reality, undermining global norms against biological weaponization. Strengthening international governance frameworks, improving transparency and verification mechanisms, and incorporating emerging science into treaty language will be essential …

Duality In Contract And Tort, Tim Friehe, Joshua C. Teitelbaum

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

We study situations in which a single investment serves the dual role of increasing the expected value of a contract (a reliance investment) and reducing the expected harm of a post-performance accident (a care investment). We show that failing to account for the duality of the investment leads to inefficient damages for breach of contract and inefficient standards for due care in tort. Conversely, we show that accounting for the duality yields contract damage measures and tort liability rules that provide correct incentives for efficient breach and reliance in contract and for efficient care in tort.

2025 Byu Law Review Masthead

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Byu Law School Faculty Listing

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Byu Law Review Subscription Information

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Religious Employment And The Tensions Between Liberty And Equality, R. Shawn Gunnarson, James C. Phillips, Christopher A. Bates

BYU Law Review

Located in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is an exemption for religious employers that is often misunderstood. Often courts and commentators mischaracterize it as a narrow privilege for religious employers to hire people of the same religion. But the statute’s text says otherwise. This article resolves interpretive debates about the meaning and application of the religious employer exemption through a close textualist reading that discovers a new understanding of the structure of Title VII. Our approach applies the tools of textualism, the prevailing theory of statutory interpretation. Paying attention to the text and structure of Title …

Rural Solar Rights, Troy A. Rule

BYU Law Review

Utility-scale solar projects on private land—the fastest growing form of energy development in the United States today—generate low-cost, carbon-free electricity and can invigorate rural economies. However, they are also attracting unprecedented local opposition as local governments across the country adopt ordinances prohibiting or severely restricting solar farm development within their jurisdictions. Fortunately, state legislatures have multiple means of preventing municipal governments from unreasonably restricting solar energy. Among other things, states can legislatively preempt excessive local solar siting restrictions, manage more solar project permitting at the state government level, or statutorily require municipalities to classify solar farms as a “permitted use” …

The Inconvenience Doctrine, Alexi Pfeffer-Gillett

BYU Law Review

In a nation of stark inequalities, the Roberts Court is often portrayed as siding with the wealthy and powerful. Many scholars argue that the Court has abandoned legal principles altogether and instead simply chooses winners and losers based on the conservative majority’s political agenda. Meanwhile, scholarly examinations of the legal reasoning underlying the Court’s most impactful decisions are largely confined to specific subject areas. Such compartmentalized analyses, though, overlook broader patterns in the Court’s rulings that transcend substantive legal boundaries.

This Article bridges the gap in these parallel conversations by connecting the Roberts Court’s reasoning across many legal fields with …

Weaponization Of Taxation: Sovereign Tax Immunity As A National Security Tool, Vinita R. Singh

BYU Law Review

Amidst calls to reconceptualize taxation as a national security tool, legislators are reexamining how the United States taxes foreign governments. Federal income taxation of foreign governments—what this Article terms “the law of immunity from taxation” or “sovereign tax immunity”—strongly influences whether and how foreign governments pursue investment in the United States. This impact on international business transactions indicates sovereign tax immunity has the potential to be a powerful national security tool. Yet, despite its import, the law of immunity from taxation has been underexplored and undertheorized. This Article steps into this gap in discourse by challenging the way recent legislative …

The Mansion That Disney Built: Revitalizing Antitrust Enforcement In The Film Industry, Drew Chandler

BYU Law Review

The Paramount Decrees, for over sixty years, barred the major film studios from anticompetitive practices like vertical integration and block-booking. The Department of Justice’s decision to sunset the Decrees in 2020 came prematurely, with the movie industry today rocked by major mergers, the advent of streaming, the pandemic, lessened output due to industry strikes, and changing consumer tastes. True, the industry has changed since 1948, but those very changes call for regulatory intervention to avoid repeating the problems of the past.

For example, Disney’s recent merger and acquisition activity, together with the dominance of its in-house streaming service Disney+, is …

Table Of Contents

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Zealous Advocate, A Robust Cross: Cross-Examination Of Non-Adverse Witnesses By The Guardian Ad Litem, Scott Swain

BYU Law Review

“When the lives and fundamental rights of children are at stake, there must be no silent witnesses.”1 — Carol Bellamy

Systemic pressures in child welfare litigation regularly lead guardian ad litem attorneys to default to the positions and recommendations of state social services. In such cases, witnesses called by the state in trials and evidentiary hearings are non-adverse to the guardian ad litem. This dynamic undermines the purposes of cross-examination rules, threatening the procedural interests of the parties involved. This paper will use a procedural due process balancing test to guide its analysis as it proposes three potential solutions: a …

Book Review: Move Slowly And Build Bridges: Mastodon, The Fediverse, And The Struggle For Democratic Social Media, Ben Pettis

Rhetoric and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Put simply, today’s landscape of social media is a bit of a mess. A swath of recent scholarship has rightly tracked major shifts in social media, including the rise of walled gardens, enshittification (Doctorow, 2023), numerous privacy concerns (Couldry and Mejias, 2019; Marwick, 2023), and the general rise of what Shoshana Zuboff (2020) has termed ‘surveillance capitalism’. Though social media has undoubtedly brought many benefits, it is increasingly difficult to overlook its negative underbelly. Given this context, Robert Gehl’s recent book, Move Slowly and Build Bridges makes a timely contribution to studies of new media …

Titin-Related Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Factors Associated With Disease Onset, Renee Johnson, Robert A Fletcher, Stacey Peters, Monique Ohanian, Magdalena Soka, Andrei Smolnikov, Katherine E Abihider, Michael J Ackerman, Flavie Ader, Mohammed M Akhtar, Ahmad S Amin, Euan A Ashley, John J Atherton, Rachel Austin, Annette F Baas, Richard D Bagnall, Samantha Barratt Ross, Jean-Louis Blouin, Emily E Brown, Henning Bundgaard, Douglas Cannie, Przemyslaw Chmielewski, Gemma Correnti, Maria Generosa Crespo-Leiro, Matteo Dal Ferro, Lisa M Dellefave-Castillo, Fernando Dominguez, Dennis Dooijes, Anne M Dybro, Youssef Ed Demri, Mohamed El Hachmi, Luis Escobar-Lopez, Sarah Jajesnica Foye, Maria Franaszczyk, Marta Gigli, Esther Gonzalez Lopez, Adeline Goudal, Sharon Graw, Michel Guipponi, Eric Haan, Jan Haas, Daniel J Hammersley, Frederikke G Hansen, Christopher S Hayward, Thomas Morris Hey, Stephane Heymans, Carolyn Y Ho, Arjan C Houweling, Jodie Ingles, Angela Ingrey, Andrew Jabbour, Paul A James, Joeri A Jansweijer, Jan D H Jongbloed, Anne M Keogh, Jose M Larrañaga-Moreira, Ronald H Lekanne Deprez, Ivan Macciocca, Peter S Macdonald, Nicolas Mansencal, Julia Mansour, Cristina Martinez-Veira, Barbara Mcdonough, Julie Mcgaughran, Kristen Medo, Marco Merlo, Ewa Michalak, Lorenzo Monserrat, Helen Mountain, Steven A Muller, Anne M Murphy, Brittney Murray, Emily C Oates, Elizabeth Ormondroyd, Nicholas Pachter, Alessia Paldino, Aurélien Palmyre, Naveen L Pereira, Kermshlise C Picard, Nicola Poplawski, Sanjay Prasad, Julie Proukhnitzky, Jean-Francois Pruny, Patricia Reant, Pascale Richard, Anne Ronan, Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani, Christopher Semsarian, Garrett Storm, Sophie Stroeks, Petros Syrris, Matthew R G Taylor, Kate Thomson, Tina Thompson, J Peter Van Tintelen, Christoffer Rasmus Vissing, Kathryn E Waddell-Smith, Mathew Wallis, Dominica Zentner, Clare Arnott, Ali J Marian, Jaewon Oh, Siv Fokstuen, Cynthia A James, Roberto Barriales-Villa, Benjamin Meder, Karim Wahbi, John R Giudicessi, Victoria N Parikh, James S Ware, Nicolas Piriou, Caroline Rooryck, Neal K Lakdawala, Luisa Mestroni, Gianfranco Sinagra, Perry M Elliott, Hugh Watkins, Elizabeth M Mcnally, Philippe Charron, Karin Y Van Spaendonck-Zwarts, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Maria Luisa Peña-Peña, Jens Mogensen, Alex Hoerby Christensen, Zofia T Bilińska, Torsten B Rasmussen, Jonathan G Seidman, Christine E Seidman, Anneline S J M Te Riele, Job A J Verdonschot, Yigal M Pinto, Imke Christiaans, Diane Fatkin

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Background and aims: Truncating variants in the TTN gene (TTNtv) are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) but also occur as incidental findings in the general population. This study investigated factors associated with the clinical manifestation of TTNtv.

Methods: An international multicentre retrospective observational study was performed in families with TTNtv-related DCM. Shared frailty models were used to estimate associations of variant characteristics with lifetime risk of DCM, and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for individual-level clinical risk factor profiles (cardiac conditions, cardiovascular comorbidities, lifestyle) and DCM.

Results: A total of 3158 subjects in 1043 …

Ai In Health Professions Education, Cindy Schmidt

Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Will Technology Help Us Understand Animals?, Frances I. Sacks

Capstones

New technologies allow scientists to study animal communication like never before. Advanced surveillance devices ornament forests and oceans, recording animals over great stretches of distance and time. Artificial intelligence can absorb these enormous datasets, sorting tangled abstractions into coherent patterns. With a sufficiently robust library of analyzed data, some researchers believe that large language models will soon learn to translate whale communication systems.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ky6mPFjc-lNJFVK8CHebUa5zCSFUoMgkCB560pqxwfo/edit?tab=t.0

Bread And Circuses, Rosie Thomas

Capstones

This project documents clowns and their props and performance and rehearsal spaces in New York in the fall of 2025. The photos explore the surreality of practicing performance and indulging in art. I am asking what it means to have and explore creativity - queerness, weirdness, community, and play - while acknowledging that a community that gathers to exhibit their own freedom of expression is making an active choice and a prioritisation at every moment.

Bilingual English-Spanish Louisiana Civil Code, Book Iii, Title Vi, Mariano Vitetta

Journal of Civil Law Studies

No abstract provided.