Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of Iron Chelation Therapy In Adults With Beta-Thalassemia Major In Hilla City, Murtadha K. Ibrahiem, Muhamad O. Almuhammadi

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: People with thalassemia can have too much iron in their bodies. This overload can come from the disease itself or from regular blood transfusions. Excess iron can harm the heart, liver, and endocrine system.

Objectives: This study aims to show how effective Deferasirox therapy is in lowering iron levels in thalassemia patients.

Materials and Methods: We enrolled 30 patients and a healthy control group from November 2022, to February 2023. The participants were gathered from the maternity hospital’s Department of Genetic Diseases in Babylon Province, Iraq. The patients were newly diagnosed, and the data included the sex of the …

Hospital Healthcare Worker Clothes Uses Compared To The Infection Control Guidelines, Peshraw Yassin Sharif, Ramand Mohammed Haji

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Hospital clothing can inadvertently be a vector for harmful microbes, spreading pathogens through direct contact or airborne particles when clothes are touched or disturbed. Contaminated linens and clothing not only place patients at risk but also threaten the safety of healthcare workers. The current study compares the daily use of healthcare workers’ hospital clothes according to the infection prevention and control guidelines.

Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 healthcare staff providing medical care to patients in Raparin province, Iraq healthcare settings. The study was carried out from 4^th November 2023 to 20^th January 2024. …

Electrochemical Behavior Of Dental Alloys After Surface Modification By Sputtering Coating Technique, Noor Muneerabdulsahib, Nidhal Sahib Mansoor, Muna Noori Ismail

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

For metallic materials, the corrosion behavior is the most important property to be considered due to the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the products of the corrosion process in vivo. Numerous coating processes have been developed to improve corrosion resistance, enhance the metal’s surface qualities, and increase its service life. The purpose of this review was to gather data on the corrosion of alloys in dentistry and plasma sputtering coating techniques to improve the surface characteristics of substrates. Several databases, including google scholar, pubmed, science direct, and web of science were searched electronically, and a manual search of the scientific literature …

Risk Factors For Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Patients Attending Health Facilities In Sulaimani City, Iraq: A Case-Control Study, Bestun Ibrahim Hama Rahim

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: The hepatitis B virus is a major threat to public health because it causes disease. Approximately 5% of people worldwide are chronically infected, and this virus has infected approximately one-third of the population. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for hepatitis B transmission among patients who visit medical institutions in Sulaimani City.

Method: A case-control study was carried out among 240 individuals (120 cases and 120 controls) visiting health facilities in Sulaimani City between August 11 and December 31, 2024. Convenient sampling was used for selecting participants. Data on demographics, behavioural risk factors, and …

Association Between Tlr2 Gene Mutations And Pulmonary Function In Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Hayder Ghali Wadi Algawwam, Basheer Ali Kareem

Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Background: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which is expressed on myeloid cells, detects harmful substances from invading infections or host-damaged tissues, leading to inflammation.

Objectives: Evaluation of the effects of TLR2 gene mutation on pulmonary function in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: A prospective observational study lasting from January 2024 to December 2024 carried out on a sample of Iraqi patients from Kirkuk city who attended TB units at primary health care districts. Spirometry was done for all patients 2 months after the onset of anti-TB treatment and again after 6 months at the end of the treatment course. Blood samples …

Debunking The Myth: A Dive Into The Role Of Relational Capital In Sustainable Food Production Systems, Ismail Badraoui, Tarik Saikouk, Nejib Fattam, Ahmed Hamdi, Vikas Kumar

All Works

The shift towards sustainable food production is essential to address the urgent dual challenges of climate change and population growth, with agricultural cooperatives playing a vital role in this transformation. However, many cooperatives struggle to deliver the expected value to their members. By considering cooperatives as member-centred production systems, this research investigates relational capital's role in determining cooperative success. This study uses a sequential mixed-methods research approach. First, we use empirical survey data from 320 farmers to test a moderated mediation model that links relational capital to collaboration activities and outcomes. Then, we use qualitative responses from 50 farmers to …

Sox11 Modulates Bcr Signaling Through The Pax5/Cd19 Axis For Therapeutic Targeting In Btk-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Rudra Prasad Dutta, Heng-Huan Lee, Violetta V Leshchenko, Ravi Prakash Shukla, Fangfang Yan, Yang Liu, H Ümit Kaniskan, Xing Qiu, Jian Jin, Lapo Alinari, Michael Wang, Samir Parekh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite multiple approved Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis), resistance to BTKi continues to pose a major clinical challenge. The transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) is expressed in most patients with MCL and is associated with poor outcomes. We have previously demonstrated SOX11-dependent B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in transgenic models of MCL. Here, we report that SOX11 drives BCR signaling via the transcriptional activation of the PAX5/CD19 axis. The translational potential of these results is significant as single-cell RNA sequencing data show that SOX11 is overexpressed …

Coordinated Changes In Stromal And Hematopoietic Cells That Define The Perinatal To Juvenile Transition In The Mouse Thymus, Anusha Vasudev, Colin R Moore, Aparna Calindi, Seung Woo Kang, Bryan R Helm, Jayashree Srinivasan, Siddhartha Shah, Erin Baker, Ruiting Zong, Nandini Singarapu, Scott Casey, Andrew N Macintyre, Ken S Lau, Laura P Hale, Qi Liu, Nancy R Manley, Lauren I R Ehrlich, Ellen R Richie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Perinatal T cells have distinctive phenotypes and functions that may be due in part to age-associated features of stromal cells in the perinatal thymus. We identify age-associated changes in mouse thymic epithelial cells, mesenchyme, endothelium, and hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells from birth to one month of age using single-cell transcriptional profiling, flow cytometry, and imaging. Coordinated cellular and molecular changes occur at 7-14 days of age, designated "transitional ages," as thymus growth switches to homeostasis. E2F target gene expression declines, and the expression of type I interferon response genes increases across diverse cell types at transitional ages. Alterations in thymic stromal …

Perspectives On The Future Of The Profession Of Microbiology, Todd L Kelson, Heidi B Kaplan, Michelle Dziejman, Shilpa Gadwal, Irene Hulede, Jennifer Bennett, Roger Greenwell, Shelley Payne, Kyle Maclea, Eric Miller, Diana L Vullo, Rebecca Sparks-Thissen, Astral Bertolio, Jorge Cervantes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Profession of Microbiology (POM) embodies the bulk of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) members and represents the career preparation arm of the ASM for academia, industry, and clinical lab professions. The ASM Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2025 to identify the future of the POM. The retreat presentations centered on workforce development, professional development, innovations in technology, and interdisciplinary collaborations. Various aspects were identified, such as the need to prepare for careers in industry, as an important goal of future training. It was also clear that scientists, in all walks of life, need professional …

Assessing Utah's Agricultural Producer And Small Processor Interest In Value-Added Food Production, Kynda R. Curtis, Makaylie Langford, Karin E. Allen, Ruby Ward

All Current Publications

In 2024, Utah State University researchers conducted a study of Utah agricultural producers and food processors interested in value-added food production. This fact sheet provides an overview of the study’s results on respondents’ operational details, including years in business, number of employees, and annual sales, as well as their interest in and rationale for expanding into value-added food production. It also discusses their current or planned timeframe for processing operation implementation, the types of products and markets involved, processing locations, and sales projections. Finally, it highlights the resources, tools, information, and services respondents identified as most useful for their processing …

Heretical Freedoms, Paul Simpson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This commentary explores Whitehead and Hannah's engagement with Paul Ricœur's conception of freedom. Their account frames freedom as an emergent, embodied experience negotiated between voluntary and involuntary conditions, challenging notions of autonomy and structural determinism. Drawing on Nancy's co-existential ontology and Esposito's ideas of community and immunity, this commentary poses freedom the challenge of the we – of thinking the experience of freedom as a plural opening onto difference rather than an individual possession.

El Cortez Reno Holdings, Llc V. Pfpco.’S Noble Pie Parlor, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 68 (Dec. 23, 2025), Anastasia Vinson

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

"Professional courtesy" cannot be relied on to excuse procedural failures, as unopposed motions may be treated as concessions under DCR 13(3).

State Of Nevada Comm’R Of Insurance V. Chur; Chur V. State Of Nevada Comm’R Of Insurance, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 69 (Dec. 23, 2025), Christianne White

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

The Court determined a plaintiff may amend a complaint in response to a clarification of the pleading standard.

Ny Times Co. V. Dist. Ct. (Doe 1 Trust), 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 71 (Dec. 23, 2025), Randolph Anderson

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Certain trust related documents can be sealed provisionally, if supported by nonspeculative findings that the interests overcome the presumption of openness and warrant continued closure.

Light-Induced Oslike1 Phosphorylation Enhances Rice Resistance Against Blast Disease, Jiangtao Liu, Lei Su, Wenya Wang, Jintao Wang, Weizhong Chen, Zhixiang Yang, Leiyun Yang, Gang Li, Xinyu Liu, Haifeng Zhang, Zhongqiang Qi, Yongfeng Liu, Yuqiang Liu, Ping Wang, Muxing Liu, Zhengguang Zhang

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae poses a major threat to world food supply. Conditions conducive to the disease include insufficient light. Our previous studies found that light-dependent phosphorylation of light-harvesting complex II protein (LHCB5) mediates rice immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms, in particular, the upstream regulators of LHCB5 phosphorylation, remain unknown. Here, we show that OsLIKE1 functions as a lectin receptor-like kinase (LecRLK) to play a critical role in rice resistance against M. oryzae. OsLIKE1 interacts with and phosphorylates LHCB5. In addition, we find two phosphorylation sites in the kinase domain of OsLIKE1 important for its auto-phosphorylation and phosphorylation …

Pepquerymhc: Rapid And Comprehensive Tumor Antigen Prioritization From Immunopeptidomics Data, Seunghyuk Choi, Bing Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Determining tumor-specificity of MHC-bound peptides is crucial for cancer immunotherapy development, yet current methods struggle with class II peptides and non-reference sequences. We introduce PepQueryMHC, an ultra-fast tool that integrates MHC-bound peptide sequences with translated RNA-seq reads for efficient tumor antigen prioritization. We demonstrate its versatility in prioritizing class I and II tumor antigens, mapping the cellular origins of presented peptides, and resolving uncertainties surrounding the prevalence of proteasome-spliced peptides.

Eif3d And Eif3e Mediate Selective Translational Control Of Hypoxia That Can Be Inhibited By Small Molecules, Stephen C Purdy, Kate Matlin, Christopher Alderman, Amber Baldwin, Natasha Shrivastava, Goksu Sarioglu, Somnath Dutta, Kristofor J Webb, Arthur Wolin, Dillon P Boulton, Annika Gustafson, Jyoti Kapali, John D Landua, Michael T Lewis, M Cecilia Caino, James C Costello, William Old, Xiang Wang, Rui Zhao, Heide L Ford, Neelanjan Mukherjee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Exposure to hypoxia is linked to increased cellular plasticity and enhanced metastasis, effects that are primarily attributed to the transcriptional activation of large gene programs downstream of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). However, translational effects in hypoxia, which likely precede transcriptional effects, have remained largely unexplored. Using ribosome profiling, we uncovered a selective translational response in acute hypoxia that is eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)3d/eIF3e dependent and controls downstream hypoxic responses, including HIF1α accumulation and cellular invasion. We further demonstrated that eIF3e copy number and eIF3e and eIF3d expression signatures are associated with worsened outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Finally, we identified …

Liberal Or Restrictive Postoperative Transfusion In Patients At High Cardiac Risk: The Top Randomized Clinical Trial, Panos Kougias, Sherene E Sharath, Min Zhan, Jeffrey L Carson, L Erin Norman, Zhibao Mi, Rupsi Pal, Hasan Dosluoglu, J Gregory Modrall, George A Sarosi, Peter Nelson, Shipra Arya, Alexandra Scrymgeour, Jade Ollison, Lawrence A Calais, Vijay Nambi, L Parker Gregg, Shuaib M Abdullah, Shirling Tsai, Natasha Becker, Justin C Choi, Louisa Chiu, Salvatore Scali, Neal R Barshes, Samir Awad, Mohammed Moursi, Matthew C Koopmann, Mitchell Sally, Daniel Ihnat, Archana Ramaswamy, Warren Gasper, Edith Tzeng, Mark A Wilson, Gale Tang, Grant Huang, Kousick Biswas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Postoperative red blood cell transfusion guidelines recommend transfusion for hemoglobin levels less than 7 g/dL. However, the safety of this strategy in patients at high risk of cardiac events undergoing major operations remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of death or major ischemic events within 90 days after a liberal transfusion strategy compared with a restrictive transfusion strategy in patients at high risk of cardiac events who had undergone major vascular or general surgery operations and developed postoperative anemia.

Design, setting, and participants: This parallel, single-blind, randomized clinical superiority trial included 1428 veterans (≥18 y) at high cardiac …

Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor And Acute Kidney Injury In Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Bhavna Bhasin-Chhabra, Tao Wang, John E Levine, Shalini Shenoy, Miguel-Angel Perales, Asad Bashey, Hershel Raff, Wael Saber

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently follows hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biomarker of AKI in the general population. We evaluated suPAR and its association with AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) in patients undergoing allogeneic HCT (alloHCT). Performance of suPAR was compared with serum creatinine (sCr) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Data were obtained from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network 1202 cohort, an observational study of 1709 alloHCT recipients. Adults aged ≥18 years with AKI-D after HCT were included. Adults who did not develop AKI were included as controls and matched 1:1. …

Predictive Modeling Of Hematoma Expansion From Non-Contrast Computed Tomography In Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients, Natasha Ironside, Shinjini Kundu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hematoma expansion is a consistent predictor of poor neurological outcome and mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). An incomplete understanding of its biophysiology has limited early preventative intervention. Transport-based morphometry (TBM) is a mathematical modeling technique that uses a physically meaningful metric to quantify and visualize discriminating image features that are not readily perceptible to the human eye. We hypothesized that TBM could discover relationships between hematoma morphology on initial Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) and hematoma expansion. 170 spontaneous ICH patients enrolled in the multi-center international Virtual International Trials of Stroke Archive (VISTA-ICH) with time-series NCCT data were used for …

Intraosseous Lipoma Of The Calcaneus: A Systematic Review Of Reported Cases, Imaging Characteristics, And Treatment Outcomes, Adam W. Youssef, Paul M. Doney, Cameron Ballard, Dryden Dalbey, Jayden Harrington

Student Publications

Intraosseous lipoma (IOL) of the calcaneus is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue that may undergo fat necrosis and calcification. Because its imaging features can overlap with other radiolucent bone lesions, calcaneal IOL is sometimes misclassified and may prompt biopsy or surgical intervention for definitive diagnosis. To better characterize this entity, we conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and performed a comprehensive PubMed search using the terms “intraosseous lipoma”, “calcaneus”, and “heel bone”. Eligible studies included case reports and series published between January 1976 and May 2024 …

Association Of Shock Index And Variants With Mortality In Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Cameron P Upchurch, Kristen Sanfilippo, Daphne Lew, Maanasi Samant, Rachel Mcdonald

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is common with potential for morbidity and mortality. Several PE risk-stratification tools exist; however, more granular and patient-specific indicators of potential decompensation or short-term mortality that can be easily obtained are needed for the bedside clinician to further sub-stratify risk and inform management decisions. We sought to determine the association of early emergency department (ED) measurement of the shock index (SI) and SI variants (modified SI, SI to peripheral oxygen saturation ratio, age-adjusted SI, respiratory-adjusted SI, and double product) and mortality among patients with acute PE.

METHODS: This was an observational case-control study of adult patients …

Ribosomal Protein Control Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transformation Through Regulation Of Metabolism, Bryan Harris, Stephen Sykes, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We report here that expression of the ribosomal protein RPL22 is frequently reduced in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and reduced RPL22 expression is associated with worse outcomes. Mice null for Rpl22 display characteristics of an MDS-like syndrome and develop leukemia at an accelerated rate. Rpl22-deficient mice also display enhanced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and obstructed differentiation potential, which arises not from reduced protein synthesis but from altered metabolism, including increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a striking induction of the stemness factor Lin28b in the resulting leukemia. Lin28b promotes a substantial increase in lipid …

A Tissue Renewal-Based Mechanism Drives Colon Tumorigenesis, Ryan M. Boman, Gilberto Schleiniger, Christopher Raymond, Juan P. Palazzo, Anne Shehab, Bruce M. Boman

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Our Goal is to identify how colorectal cancer (CRC) arises in the single-layered cell epithelium (simple columnar epithelium) that lines the luminal surface of the large intestine. Background: We recently reported that the dynamic organization of cells in colonic epithelium is encoded by five biological rules and conjectured that colon tumorigenesis involves an autocatalytic tissue renewal reaction. Introduction Our objective was to define how altered crypt turnover explains tissue disorganization that leads to adenoma morphogenesis and CRC. Hypothesis: Changes in rate of tissue renewal-based cell polymerization leads to epithelial expansion and tissue disorganization during adenoma histogenesis. Methods: Accordingly, we created …

Synergistic Effects Of Gfap With Tnfr1 And Tnfr2 On Conversion To Ad Dementia And Overall Survival Across The Alzheimer’S Disease Spectrum, Laura Alejandra Ramirez Tirado, Ann D. Cohen, C. Elizabeth Shaaban, Cristy Matan, Brian J. Lopresti, Milos D. Ikonomovic, Thomas K. Karikari, Victor L. Villemagne, Oscar L. Lopez

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background: We recently reported synergistic effects of TNFR1 and TNFR2 with
astrogliosis resulting in greater vascular burden and neurodegeneration, particularly in
Aβ+ participants. Here, we aimed to assess the interactions of peripheral inflammation
and astrogliosis on incidence of AD dementia and mortality. We hypothesized
synergistic effects with astrogliosis resulting in increased incidence of dementia, and
mortality, particularly in Aβ+ participants.
Methods: Participants of the Gingko evaluation of memory (GEM) study underwent
PiB-PET scans between 2009-2018. GFAP and peripheral inflammatory markers were
measured in 2009 by immunoassay. We evaluated the relationship of peripheral
markers of inflammation (TNFR1,TNFR2) and astrogliosis (GFAPdementia incidence …

The Role Of Reproductive Aging And Surgeries For Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementias (Adrd) Diagnoses In The Cardiovascular Health Study, Alexis Reeves, Oscar L. Lopez, Michelle D. Shardell, Hoda S. Abdel Magid, C. Elizabeth Shaaban, Michelle C. Odden

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Abstract

Background

Most US individuals with ADRD are women. Menopause typically occurs in midlife, accompanied by declines in potentially neuroprotective and cardioprotective hormones. Earlier menopause leads to earlier exposure to decreased sex hormones, potentially increasing ADRD risk. Surgical menopause via reproductive surgeries may cause a sudden loss of hormones and may represent be a modifiable risk factor for ADRD. We aimed to determine if menopausal type and age are associated with physician adjudicated-ADRD diagnoses.

Methods

Data were from 3371 women prospectively followed from age 65+ years. Participants self-reported age of menopause and/or surgeries, hormone-therapy, education, and race (Black/White). For this …

Simultaneous Initiation Of Finerenone And Empagliflozin Across The Spectrum Of Kidney Risk In The Confidence Trial, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Jennifer B Green, Hiddo J L Heerspink, Sung Gyun Kim, Johannes F E Mann, Janet B Mcgill, Amy Mottl, Masaomi Nangaku, Julio Rosenstock, Peter Rossing, Li Li, Na Li, Katja Rohwedder, Charlie Scott, Rajiv Agarwal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The CONFIDENCE (COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with CKD and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint) trial investigated the safety and efficacy of simultaneously initiating finerenone and empagliflozin for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes. This prespecified analysis aimed to determine if the predicted risk of kidney disease progression, based on KDIGO risk categories, influenced the benefits and safety of this combination therapy.

METHODS: The double-blind, double-dummy trial randomized 818 adults with CKD and type 2 diabetes [urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥100 to < 5000 mg/g] to receive once-daily finerenone plus empagliflozin, finerenone alone or empagliflozin alone, all in addition to a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor. The relative change in UACR from baseline to day 180 (primary endpoint) and a >30% reduction in UACR (secondary endpoint) across KDIGO …

Investigating The Relationship Between Breast Cancer Risk Factors And An Ai-Generated Mammographic Texture Feature In The Nurses' Health Study Ii, Xueyao Wu, Shu Jiang, Aaron Ge, Constance Turman, Graham Colditz, Rulla M Tamimi, Peter Kraft

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The mammogram risk score (MRS), an AI-driven mammographic texture feature, strongly predicts breast cancer risk independently of breast density, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study II (292 cases, 561 controls), we validated MRS's association with breast cancer and evaluated its relationships with established breast cancer risk factors through observational analyses, polygenic score analyses, and Mendelian randomization. MRS was significantly associated with breast cancer risk before (OR=1.92 per SD increase; 95% CI:1.57 to 2.35; 10-year AUC=0.69) and after adjustment for predicted BI-RADS density (OR=1.85; 95% CI:1.49 to 2.30). Early life body size and adult body …

Reimagining A Nexus Between Seaport And National Development: Sociotechnical Imaginaries Of Ghana’S Port Of Tema, Jonas Aryee, Casper Andersen, Annette Hansen

Plymouth Business School

This article explores the evolving sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) shaping Ghana’s Port of Tema, revealing how national development goals and global trade imperatives intersect in African port governance. Through analysis of policy documents, media discourse, and interviews, it identifies four overlapping phases in the evolution of these imaginaries: the industrial gateway era, neoliberal globalization, the rise of a transshipment hub, and the most recent phase of indigenous contestation and institutional resilience. Rather than replacing earlier visions, newer imaginaries build upon and hybridize older ones, creating both synergies and tensions. The study demonstrates that STIs at Tema have evolved through processes of …

Process For The Preparation Of (4-Fluorophenyl) [(8r)-8-Methyl- 3-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-Thiadiazol-5-Yl)-5,6-Dihydro [1,2,4] Triazolo[4,3-A] Pyrazin-7(8h)-Yl] Methanone And Its Intermediates Thereof, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Keshavareddy Navin Kumar Reddy, Kootikanti Krishnaiah, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Hyderabad, India.

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of (4-Fluorophenyl)[(8R)-8-methyl-3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrazin-7(8H)-yl] methanone of formula-1 and its intermediates thereof. The structure of formula-1 is shown below:

Formula-1.