Digital Commons Network^™

Incidence And Outcomes Of Hospitalized Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Subsequent St-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Arhum Mahmood, Song Peng Ang, Yusuf Kamran Qadeer, Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk, Jonathan Alan Tangsrivimol, Iqra Riaz, Zhen Wang, Mahboob Alam, Markus Strauss, Chayakrit Krittanawong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may experience accompanying acute ST-Segment myocardial infarction after AIS. The cardiovascular risks, incidence, complications, and outcomes of acute STEMI in patients hospitalized with AIS remains underexplored.

Methods: We evaluated 2,804,819 patients that presented with AIS who were listed in the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2021. AIS and STEMI were defined according to the ICD-10 Diagnostic Codes. Patients with Non-STEMI were excluded. The risk of specific complications and outcomes were expressed as percentages. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of STEMI with a primary outcome of mortality …

Stent Thrombosis: A Contemporary Guide To Definitions, Risk Factors, And Management, Ambre Flowers, Bernard Evenhuis, Benjamin Gabanic, Allison Weiss, Scott Eisenberg, Riyan Siddiqui, Affan Rizwan, Iqra Riaz, Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk, Mahboob Alam, Muzamil Khawaja, Markus Strauss, Chayakrit Krittanawong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Stent thrombosis remains a major complication following percutaneous coronary intervention, with significant morbidity and mortality implications. Despite advancements in drug-eluting stents and optimized pharmacotherapy, real-world registry data indicate that definite or probable stent thrombosis occurs in approximately 0.5% of percutaneous coronary intervention cases, with a 30-day mortality rate approaching 25% and a long-term risk exceeding 30% at 10 years. Stent thrombosis is classified based on timing into acute, subacute, late, and very late thrombosis, with subacute and very late stent thrombosis being the most prevalent. Clinical consequences include myocardial infarction, emergent revascularization, and heightened cardiovascular risk, necessitating timely recognition and …

Clues To Transcription/Replication Collision-Induced Dna Damage: It Was Rnap, In The Chromosome, With The Fork, Matthew B Cooke, Christophe Herman, Priya Sivaramakrishnan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

DNA replication and RNA transcription processes compete for the same DNA template and, thus, frequently collide. These transcription-replication collisions are thought to lead to genomic instability, which places a selective pressure on organisms to avoid them. Here, we review the predisposing causes, molecular mechanisms, and downstream consequences of transcription-replication collisions (TRCs) with a strong emphasis on prokaryotic model systems, before contrasting prokaryotic findings with cases in eukaryotic systems. Current research points to genomic structure as the primary determinant of steady-state TRC levels and RNA polymerase regulation as the primary inducer of excess TRCs. We review the proposed mechanisms of TRC-induced …

Folate Receptor Β Performs An Immune Checkpoint Function In Activated Macrophages, Fenghua Zhang, Md Yusuf Al-Amin, Sagar Utturkar, Rina Jiang, Gregory Cresswell, Rami Alfar, Ian Ophaug-Johansen, Gabriel Bachman, Madduri Srinivasarao, Richard Finnell, Amaya Puig-Kröger, Timothy Ratliff, Philip S Low

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Monocytes and macrophages are sentinels of the immune system that distinguish themselves from other cells by expressing the beta isoform of the folate receptor (FRβ). Because FRβ does not bind folate until the monocyte/macrophage is exposed to immunosuppressive cytokines, the question naturally arose whether FRβ might also perform an immune-related function. To examine this matter, we compared the properties of wild type (WT) and FRβ knockout mice. We observe that FRβ knockout (KO) mice display autoimmune symptoms that can include alopecia, enlarged spleens, and dermatitis, despite having normal cellular folate levels. We further demonstrate that syngeneic tumors (TRAMP C2, MC38) …

Targeting The Exonic Circular Ogt Rna/O-Glcnac Transferase/Forkhead Box C1 Axis Inhibits Asparagine- And Alanine-Mediated Ferroptosis Repression In Neuroblastoma Progression, Qilan Li, Yang Cheng, Chunhui Yang, Minxiu Tian, Xiaojing Wang, Dan Li, Xinyue Li, Jiaying Qu, Shunchen Zhou, Liduan Zheng, Qiangsong Tong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The disruption of ferroptosis, an emerging form of programmed cell death, is crucial in the development and aggressiveness of tumors. Meanwhile, the mechanisms and treatments that control ferroptosis in neuroblastoma (NB), a prevalent extracranial cancer in children, are still unknown. In this study, forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are identified as regulators of asparagine- and alanine-mediated ferroptosis repression in NB. Mechanistically, OGT facilitates FOXC1 stabilization via inducing O-GlcNAcylation in liquid condensates to increase the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2), resulting in asparagine and alanine biogenesis, and subsequent …

A Multifunctional Theranostic Ultrasound Platform For Remote Magnetogenetics And Expanded Blood-Brain Barrier Opening, Alec J Batts, Fotios N Tsitsos, Jeannette Ingabire, Guillaume Duret, Samantha L Gorman, Deny Tsakri, Rebecca L Noel, Robin Ji, Nancy Kwon, Quoc-Khanh Pham, Linlin Zhang, Gang Bao, Jacob T Robinson, Elisa E Konofagou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Brain stimulation techniques are critical for unraveling the innerworkings of complex neuronal pathways governing both normal physiological function and pathologic states in neurological disorders. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging technique poised to significantly alter central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery and neuroscience research through non-invasive means. Magnetogenetics is a brain stimulation technique which may benefit from FUS technology in that alternating magnetic fields (AMF), like FUS, can pass through the skull without requiring surgery.

Methodology: Magnetogenetics involves the deposition of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and overexpression of thermoreceptor transmembrane proteins (e.g. TRPV1 and TRPA1) in the brain. When …

Exercise Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Via Apoe Genotype- And Immune-Dependent Mechanisms: A Photon-Counting Ct Study In Adult Mice, Rohan Nadkarni, Alex J Allphin, Darin P Clark, Yi Qi, Zay Yar Han, Ketan B Ghaghada, Alexandra Badea, Cristian T Badea

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiovascular dysfunction frequently accompanies aging and is often worsened by adverse lifestyle factors and genetic susceptibility. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene modulates susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, but how exercise and diet interact with APOE genotype remains insufficiently understood. We investigate the cardioprotective potential of exercise in humanized APOE-targeted replacement mice on control and high-fat diet, using photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) and deep learning-based image segmentation.

Methods: This study included 251 male and female mice in mid-to-late life of APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4 genotypes with variation in humanized NOS2 (HN) mediated innate immune response, exercise status (exercised vs. sedentary) and …

Averting Collapse: Reimagining The Ntds Ecosystem Through G20 Health Diplomacy And Science Innovation, Maple Goh, Peter J Hotez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The recent termination of the U.S. Government's neglected topical diseases (NTD) mass treatment program, following similar cuts by the UK, threatens decades of progress. Without a strategic reset, NTDs may re-emerge, exacerbating poverty across Africa and beyond. We call for a broadened donor base and reframing NTD control as a shared global interest, especially as NTDs rise in G20 nations due to climate change and urbanization. This moment demands investment in sustainable tools, like NextGen vaccines and biologics, and greater leadership from G20 countries. While USAID's exit is a setback, opportunities arise for decolonizing global health and fostering new partnerships.

Microbiota Dynamics During Ascaris Suum Larval Migration: Implications For Host Microbial Communities In A Murine Model, Sergio Castañeda, Cristina Poveda, Charlie Suarez-Reyes, Yifan Wu, Noah Haugen, Luz H Patiño, Jill E Weatherhead, Juan David Ramírez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The complex interactions between parasites, their hosts, and associated microbiota hold significant implications for host health and disease outcomes. Helminths like Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum can significantly alter the host's intestinal microbiota, affecting both parasite biology and host pathology. Despite extensive research on host-microbiota changes due to helminth infections, the study of helminth-associated microbiota remains limited. This study aims to characterize the microbiota associated with Ascaris larvae and surrounding host tissues at distinct developmental stages (day 4, day 8, day 14), during larval migration through the liver, lungs, and intestine, and its impact on the host's microbiota in a …

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels Reflect Muscle And Bone Health And Determine Complications And Mortality In Decompensated Cirrhosis, Parminder Kaur, Nipun Verma, Aishani Wadhawan, Pratibha Garg, Samonee Ralmilay, Naveen Kalra, Abhiman Baloji, Pinaki Dutta, Gaurav Sharma, Sahaj Rathi, Arka De, Madhumita Premkumar, Sunil Taneja, Ajay Duseja, Virendra Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF-1) axis and its impairment with sarcopenia, frailty, bone health, complications, and prognosis are not well characterized in cirrhosis.

Methods: We investigated the adult decompensated cirrhosis out-patients at a tertiary care institute between 2021 and 2023 for serum GH and IGF-1 levels, and associated them with sarcopenia (CT-SMI in cm2/m2), liver frailty index (LFI), osteodystrophy (DEXA), clinical decompensations (overall, ascites, encephalopathy, infection, and bleed), and survival up to 180 days.

Results: One-hundred-seventy-two patients, 95% males, aged 46.5 years (median). logIGF-1 levels were negatively associated with sarcopenia, osteodystrophy, LFI, CTP, and MELD-Na score (P …

Id-Gba: Subgraph Extension With Information Distance Guilt By Association In Complex Networks, Predrag Obradovic, Vladimir Kovacevic, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Varduhi Petrosyan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Here, we introduce the ID-GBA (Information Distance Guilt By Association) method to expand highly connected sets of nodes by deploying a novel algorithm for subgraph extension based on the guilt-by-association principle and information distance. In this study, ID-GBA was utilized to expand disease clusters, and identify novel disease genes. We first validate its ability to expand related disease sets from disease/disease graphs built using Open Targets' gene association scores. We then analyze disease/control gene expression networks and show that ID-GBA recaptures known disease genes in nine disease/control graphs. Compared to existing methods such as Random Walk with Restarts and Personalized …

Exploring The Effect Of Item Parceling Strategies And Number Of Items Per Parcel On Measurement Invariance Testing In Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Chunhua Cao, Xinya Liang

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Item parceling is common in structural equation modeling used in psychology, especially when the research interest is in the structural relationship between latent factors, but research on its performance in measurement invariance testing is scarce. This study examined the sensitivity of fit measures (LRT, RMSEA, CFI, AIC, BIC, and SaBIC) to measurement noninvariance with different numbers of items per parcel and parceling strategies using a simulation study. The design factors included the location of measurement noninvariance, the magnitude of measurement noninvariance, the proportion of items with measurement noninvariance, sample size, number of items per parcel, and parceling strategies. Results suggested …

Cultural Factors In Alcohol And Other Drug Use Among Immigrant Youth In Western Australia: A Qualitative Investigation, Justin Dandy, Caroline Ng Tseung-Wong, Amanda M. George, Byron L. Zamboanga, Vilma Palacios

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives: Our aim was to identify the influence of heritage cultural factors and mainstream Australian cultural norms on young culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) immigrants’ alcohol and other drug (AOD) use attitudes, motives for use, and behaviors. Method: We conducted nine focus groups with 55 youth (aged 16–30; 22 female, 33 male). Participants were from diverse cultural backgrounds including India, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Hazara-Afghanistan, Burma (Chin and Karen), Malaysia, Singapore, and China. They were first- (80%) and second-generation immigrants to Australia. Results: We constructed three overarching themes: bicultural conflict, freedom versus constraints, and the intersection of gender …

Bcaas Newsletter Winter 2025, Bcaas

BCAAS Newsletter

No abstract provided.

The Economics Of Healthcare Fraud, Jetson Leder-Luis, Anup Malani

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Healthcare fraud imposes a sizable cost on U.S. public healthcare budgets and distorts health care provision. We examine the economics of health care fraud and enforcement using theory and data and connect to a growing literature on the topic. We first offer a new economic definition of health care fraud that captures and connects the wide range of activities prosecuted as fraud. We define fraud as any divergence between the care an insurer says a patient qualifies for, the care a provider provides, and the care a provider bills for. Our definition clarifies the economic consequences of different categories of …

Can Ai Hold Office Hours?, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, Amy R. Motomura, Jason Reinecke, Jonathan S. Masur

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Rapid improvements in AI tools offer transformative opportunities in legal education, including the possibility of students using AI tools to answer questions that students might otherwise ask during office hours. But a critical challenge is the accuracy of these tools’ responses. Both general-purpose and law-specific AI models have been shown to “hallucinate” incorrect responses to a range of legal questions. Here, we evaluate the current capabilities of AI models when given the more constrained task of answering questions about a specific legal text. We provided three AI tools—OpenAI’s GPT-4o, Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Google’s NotebookLM—with the text of Masur …

The Exactions Illusion: Sheetz's Missing Dissent, Lee Anne Fennell, Timothy M. Mulvaney

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

The Society Cases, Adam A. Davidson

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

On Disciplining States, Aziz Z. Huq

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Pillar Two: Much Ado About Next To Nothing?, Julie Roin

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

The OECD has spent the last fifteen years working on the design and implementation of rules for the taxation of the income derived from international transactions, rules that its members hope will both increase corporate tax revenues and minimize “destructive” tax competition. In 2021, it released its two-part “Inclusive Framework.” Although Pillar One of this Framework still languishes, legislation necessary for the implementation of Pillar Two, which is designed to force all countries to impose a minimum tax on income derived by large multinational enterprises, has been enacted by most of the countries in the European Union, Japan, South Korea …

From Wtp To Wtf: Valuation And Distributive Discourse, Lee Anne Fennell

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Structural Logics Of Presidential Immunity, Aziz Z. Huq

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

In Trump v. United States, the Supreme Court wrought two new presidential immunities from criminal prosecution. Supplemented by a pair of penumbral evidentiary rules, these inhibit criminal indictment or conviction of the president, and indeed many subordinate officials, across many imaginable fact-patterns. The Court justified this result on consequentialist, not originalist or precedential, grounds. But its analysis of immunity’s effects was radically incomplete. It focused narrowly on the person of the president, eschewing any attempt to situate or relate that individual’s incentives and behavior to the wider institutional contexts of the executive branch at large or the partisan-political environment of …

Islands Of Algorithmic Integrity: Imagining A Democratic Digital Public Sphere, Aziz Z. Huq

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

This essay offers a new analytic lens for evaluating the design of digital platforms from the perspective of democratic values. It develops a model of desirable platform design, and them ask present legal interventions move is toward that aspiration. The aspirational model is not draws on an idea found in the scholarly literatures in political science and sociology about economic development . This is the notion that development policy should aim to seed “islands of integrity,” into patrimonial or nepotistic state structures as a way of building foundations for a more robust and hence public-regarding state apparatus. This literature explores …

Safety Score Liability, Omri Ben-Shaharz

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Data technology is increasingly deployed to assign safety scores to people and products. Could these scores be used by tort law to apportion liability for accidents? Instead of basing tort liability on negligence—on the level of care leading to the specific accident—“safety score liability” would impose liability commensurate with a party’s habitual propensity to behave unsafely. This article describes how safety score liability would work, the incentives it would create, and the principles limiting its adoption. The article suggests that the precision of AI tools generating such scores—scores that have already reshaped other channels of safety regulation in society— offers …

Family, Faith And Nation: The Roberts Court And The Global Pivot Against Legal Liberalism, Aziz Z. Huq, Tom Ginsburg

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

The Roberts Court has veered sharply in a culturally conservative direction. Traditional solidarities of faith, family, and nation have been elevated above the individual autonomy interests that motivated the justices in the twentieth century. The Supreme Court’s jurisprudence in this vein complements and is reinforced by changes in public law more generally—for example, in recent executive orders that amplify the same values. In legal scholarship, this jurisprudential shift is pervasively framed in terms of domestic electoral politics, in particular as a product of Republican dominance of the presidency and the Senate at key moments.

But expand the analytic lens outward, …

Constitutional Drafting Processes And Constitutional Success, Adam Chilton, Murat C. Mungan, Mila Versteeg

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Several recent constitution-making processes have been celebrated for being participatory, inclusive, and representative. However, many of these processes also failed. We theorize that aspects of these kinds of constitutional drafting processes could reduce the probability of constitutional success. To show why, we construct a “Constitution Drafting game” (CD game) in which representatives from different interest groups must draft a constitution. We consider the case where the probability of constitutional success is single peaked, but the value from successful adoption is increasing in the degree of issue protection chosen. The drafting process then leads to protection choices that are above those …

When The Executive Has Unclean Hands, William Baude, Samuel L. Bray

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Those who come into equity must come with clean hands. But what happens when it is the executive who seeks equitable relief? This Essay argues that the unclean-hands doctrine applies to the executive, though in a modified form that reflects the relation- ships between officials in the executive branch, between the executive and legislative branch, and between the government and the people. It then applies the doctrine to current controversies such as government requests for stays from the Supreme Court, and a pending lawsuit against the District of Maryland.

Bypassing Agency Adjudication, Brian Lipshutz

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

This Article examines the contested practice of bypassing agency adjudication to accelerate judicial review of non-final executive action. Parties typically challenge final action under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). But parties may also seek an injunction or declaratory judgment with respect to a non-final action that violates a statute or the Constitution. Traditionally, such “ultra vires” review required a clearly unlawful action and an inadequate administrative remedy. But modern courts further limit it by applying three judicially developed timing doctrines—exhaustion, ripeness, and Thunder Basin.

This Article explains why the traditional ultra vires model— without the timing doctrines—should govern the bypassing …

Function Over Form In Federal Drug Sentencing, Alison Siegler, Grant Delaune

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Liquidation, Then And Now, William Baude

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.