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Articles 152821 - 152850 of 156936
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Effective Implementation Of Ebook Guide Supports Student Success In Occupational Therapy Anatomy Education, Karissa Legleiter, Barb Puder, Rhea R. Kimpo
Effective Implementation Of Ebook Guide Supports Student Success In Occupational Therapy Anatomy Education, Karissa Legleiter, Barb Puder, Rhea R. Kimpo
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
EBooks have been proven to be a successful supplemental resource in cadaveric anatomy laboratory sessions. However, the implementation of the eBook and its impact on student performance, especially in occupational therapy (OT) anatomy laboratory sessions, has not been well documented. This study shows that providing students with an eBook guide enhances student learning and increases eBook usage. For lab sessions, an eBook guide directed students to eBook specific figures and text that related to that session’s material. In alignment with the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, providing eBooks as well as a guide gave students multiple avenues to learn …
Reading Between The Lines: Exploring Reading Trends And Metacognitive Strategy Use In Ot Education, Whitney Henderson, Christine Davis, Christen Leach, Theresa Hallenen
Reading Between The Lines: Exploring Reading Trends And Metacognitive Strategy Use In Ot Education, Whitney Henderson, Christine Davis, Christen Leach, Theresa Hallenen
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
No abstract provided.
Theory-Driven Design, Theory-Integrated Learning: A Multimodal Approach To Teaching Occupational Adaptation, Anna B. Galloway, Lorrie A. George-Paschal, Linda Struckmeyer, Sara F. Israel, Nancy Krusen
Theory-Driven Design, Theory-Integrated Learning: A Multimodal Approach To Teaching Occupational Adaptation, Anna B. Galloway, Lorrie A. George-Paschal, Linda Struckmeyer, Sara F. Israel, Nancy Krusen
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
This study explored the effectiveness of a multimodal instructional module for teaching Occupational Adaptation (OA) theory. Implemented across three entry-level occupational therapy doctoral (OTD) programs, faculty designed and implemented asynchronous preparatory lectures, a face-to-face experiential lab, and guided discussions of the learning experiences. Researchers employed a convergent mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative and quantitative data. Students (n=108) completed a pre- and post-knowledge exam, the Relative Mastery Scale (RMS), and a Learning Experience Questionnaire. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences in pre-and post- knowledge scores and RMS ratings across all sites, with no differences based on university. Qualitative analysis yielded …
Understanding And The Perceived Value Of Contemporary Pain Neuroscience Education Among Occupational Therapy Students, Sue E. Curfman, Elicia Dunn Cruz, Diana A. Harrison, Will J. Best, Kathryn Schmidt
Understanding And The Perceived Value Of Contemporary Pain Neuroscience Education Among Occupational Therapy Students, Sue E. Curfman, Elicia Dunn Cruz, Diana A. Harrison, Will J. Best, Kathryn Schmidt
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
Chronic pain is a leading cause of global disability, yet occupational therapy education often lacks sufficient coverage of multidisciplinary pain management approaches. The purposes of this study were to 1) determine the level of understanding of contemporary pain neuroscience in occupational therapy doctoral (OTD) students; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of instructional techniques to improve their knowledge of contemporary pain neuroscience; and 3) explore their perceptions of pain neuroscience and its implications for their future roles. This pre-post test within-subject experimental design study, involving 39 OTD students, assessed the impact and perceptions of a two-hour pain education module. The revised Neurophysiology …
Comparing Occupational Therapy Students’ And Occupational Therapy Assistant Students’ Perceptions Of An Intraprofessional Class Session, Robyn Wu, Diane Tom, Domenique Embrey, Joyce M. Fries
Comparing Occupational Therapy Students’ And Occupational Therapy Assistant Students’ Perceptions Of An Intraprofessional Class Session, Robyn Wu, Diane Tom, Domenique Embrey, Joyce M. Fries
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
Intraprofessional education between occupational therapy (OT) and occupational therapy assistant (OTA) students can be a valuable component of the entry-level curriculum. Comparisons of OT vs. OTA students’ perceptions are sparse, yet this information may yield important insights about intraprofessional learning needs. This mixed methods study explored student perceptions of a three-hour joint OT/OTA class session conducted via video conferencing. Learning activities were grounded in shared leadership and two-way feedback and included collaboration on a client case. A total of 172 anonymous post-class feedback surveys were received from 121 OT students and 57 OTA students over three academic years. The study …
Exploring Occupational Therapy Assistant Student Experiences In Mental Health, Behavioral Health, And Psychosocial Level I Fieldwork, Tiffany L. Benaroya, Michelle Zechner, Meredith Cimmino, Ann A. Murphy, Margaret Swarbrick, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia
Exploring Occupational Therapy Assistant Student Experiences In Mental Health, Behavioral Health, And Psychosocial Level I Fieldwork, Tiffany L. Benaroya, Michelle Zechner, Meredith Cimmino, Ann A. Murphy, Margaret Swarbrick, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
Occupational therapy services offered in behavioral health remain low despite the growing number of individuals with behavioral health and psychosocial needs who could benefit from these services. Concurrently, in academia, all occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant students must complete at least one fieldwork focused primarily on mental health, behavioral health, and/or psychosocial needs. Research is limited regarding these fieldwork experiences, especially among occupational therapy assistant students. This project aimed to understand this gap better and comprehend how these experiences impact readiness to work with individuals labeled with a serious mental illness. Forty-five occupational therapy assistant students completed pre- and …
The Effectiveness Of Blended Online Do-Live-Well Workshops For Occupational Therapists, Sungha Kim, Rebecca Gewurtz, Sandra Moll, Nadine Larivière, Lori Letts
The Effectiveness Of Blended Online Do-Live-Well Workshops For Occupational Therapists, Sungha Kim, Rebecca Gewurtz, Sandra Moll, Nadine Larivière, Lori Letts
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
The Do-Live-Well (DLW) framework was developed by occupational therapists (OTs) to demonstrate how engaging in various activities can impact health and well-being of people. The DLW team has provided education for OTs across the world, and there has been a need for online learning with synchronous features. This study aimed to examine the impact of blended online DLW workshops that combined asynchronous and synchronous educational formats for OTs. We evaluated changes in participants’ knowledge of the DLW framework, factors influencing framework adoption in practice, satisfaction with the workshop, and actual use of the framework. Descriptive statistics were used for the …
From Measuring Professional Behaviors To Developing Professional Identity: Use Of The Pie Tool In Occupational Therapy Education, Ashlea D. Cardin, Tara L. Boehne, Naomie Corro
From Measuring Professional Behaviors To Developing Professional Identity: Use Of The Pie Tool In Occupational Therapy Education, Ashlea D. Cardin, Tara L. Boehne, Naomie Corro
Journal of Occupational Therapy Education
Defining and measuring "professionalism" in academic occupational therapy (OT) programs is a highly interpretative and formidable task, as evidenced in the literature and revised language in the 2023 ACOTE® Standards. Within the context of a university assessment workshop, a team of OT educators and students used an occupation- and strengths-based lens to consider “professional identity.” The team subsequently developed an innovative criterion-referenced, growth-tracking professionalism tool (“The Professional Identity Evaluation [PIE] Tool”) for use in didactic OT education and advisement. The team initiated a multi-year trial of the PIE Tool in periodic advisement and gathered students' perspectives of (1) the use …
Impact Flc Report Fall 2025: A Report By The Impact Evaluation Team, Evaluation And Learning Research Center, Impact Evaluation Team
Impact Flc Report Fall 2025: A Report By The Impact Evaluation Team, Evaluation And Learning Research Center, Impact Evaluation Team
IMPACT Reports
This is the 2025 Fall report of Instruction Matters: Purdue Academic Course Transformation (IMPACT) Week. IMPACT was created in 2010, and is a large collaborative initiative on the Purdue West Lafayette campus involving multiple key partners across campus including the Office of the Provost, Center for Instructional Excellence (CIE), Purdue Online (PO), Purdue Libraries and School of Information Studies (Libraries), the Evaluation and Learning Research Center (ELRC), and Institutional Data Analytics and Assessment (IDA+A). IMPACT works with instructors to redesign large enrollment, foundational courses with the aim of engaging students more fully in their learning and creating a more student-centered …
Exploring Public Support For Prison Labor, Omar Morris
Exploring Public Support For Prison Labor, Omar Morris
Honors College Theses
Prison labor has long been a central component of the U.S. correctional system, evolving from early penitentiary models to contemporary labor practices that remain legally sanctioned under the Thirteenth Amendment. This study examines the historical development, key legislation, and modern realities of prison labor, emphasizing its economic, ethical, and rehabilitative implications. Using survey data from a nationally representative sample, the study assesses public attitudes toward mandatory prison work, fair wages for incarcerated individuals, and financial obligations such as medical copays and communication fees. Findings reveal that while the public generally supports prison labor, opinions diverge on compensation and economic burdens …
Analysis Of The Microbiome Of Amblyomma Americanum In The Statesboro Region, Ella Zierdt, Lorenza Beati, Mary Humphrey, Saviour Dralabu
Analysis Of The Microbiome Of Amblyomma Americanum In The Statesboro Region, Ella Zierdt, Lorenza Beati, Mary Humphrey, Saviour Dralabu
Honors College Theses
The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is the most common tick in Georgia. It is mainly known as an Ehrlichia spp. vector, but its microbiome can be diverse, depending on geography, developmental stage, and season. Little is known about bacterial diversity in ticks from the southeastern U.S. A Nanopore MinION sequencer was used for a preliminary analysis of the bacterial microbiome in A. americanum from the Statesboro region. DNA was extracted from 39 nymphs, 35 males, and 39 females. DNA samples were pooled by month of collection and life stage/sex, amplified with barcoded 16SrDNA primers, and sequenced. Approx. 77% …
Enhancing Malaria Prevention: Barriers To Expanding Vaccine Access In Sub-Saharan Africa, Nenrot Gopep, Patra Chisom Ezeamii, Ho-Jui Tung
Enhancing Malaria Prevention: Barriers To Expanding Vaccine Access In Sub-Saharan Africa, Nenrot Gopep, Patra Chisom Ezeamii, Ho-Jui Tung
Eagles Talking About the Public’s Health
No abstract provided.
Breaking The Plateau: Why Nutrition Must Be The Next Frontier In Maternal And Newborn Health, Tamah Kamlem, Ana M. Palacios, Kelly Sullivan, Ousainou Gomez
Breaking The Plateau: Why Nutrition Must Be The Next Frontier In Maternal And Newborn Health, Tamah Kamlem, Ana M. Palacios, Kelly Sullivan, Ousainou Gomez
Eagles Talking About the Public’s Health
No abstract provided.
Extreme Weather Events And Changing Indoor Microclimates Influence Airborne Viral Infections In Recent Years: New Insights For Public Health Researchers And Practitioners, Daeshjea Mcgee, Atin Adhikari
Extreme Weather Events And Changing Indoor Microclimates Influence Airborne Viral Infections In Recent Years: New Insights For Public Health Researchers And Practitioners, Daeshjea Mcgee, Atin Adhikari
Eagles Talking About the Public’s Health
No abstract provided.
The New Normal: Breaking Down Paradoxical Changes, Potentially Getting Rid Of Specific Viral Transmission Seasons, And Why You Should Care, Dorothy Seybold, Atin Adhikari
The New Normal: Breaking Down Paradoxical Changes, Potentially Getting Rid Of Specific Viral Transmission Seasons, And Why You Should Care, Dorothy Seybold, Atin Adhikari
Eagles Talking About the Public’s Health
No abstract provided.
Epigenetic Regulation Of Macrophage-Induced Inflammation By Glutamine During Tissue Repair, Yiting Xu
Epigenetic Regulation Of Macrophage-Induced Inflammation By Glutamine During Tissue Repair, Yiting Xu
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Introduction:
Delayed wound healing is a major healthcare challenge, creating a significant financial burden and impacting patient quality of life by increasing risks of infections, chronic wounds, and impaired tissue regeneration. Macrophages are key mediators in wound healing, where they transition from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, balancing inflammation resolution and tissue repair. Dysregulated macrophage function, as seen in chronic wounds, leads to persistent inflammation and poor healing outcomes. Recent studies indicate that glutamine metabolism in macrophages may be crucial for this phenotypic transition by influencing gene expression and epigenetic regulation. However, the specific role of glutamine metabolism in …
Security And Privacy Of Quantum Computers, Chuanqi Xu
Security And Privacy Of Quantum Computers, Chuanqi Xu
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Quantum computing promises to revolutionize the way we solve computationally intractable problems by harnessing quantum phenomena such as superposition, interference, and entanglement. Over the past two decades, the field has witnessed a dramatic evolution—from early devices with one or two qubits to modern machines featuring over a thousand qubits, with projections now foretelling error-corrected systems with millions of qubits and capable of executing millions of gates. Moreover, quantum computing is no longer a theoretical or experimental concept. Quantum computers have become widely accessible via cloud-based platforms with companies such as IBM, Amazon, and Microsoft. These services not only democratize access …
Vanishing Of Local Cohomology With Applications To Hodge Theory, Scott Hiatt
Vanishing Of Local Cohomology With Applications To Hodge Theory, Scott Hiatt
Mathematics Faculty Publications
Let H = ((H, F •), L) be a polarized variation of Hodge structure on a smooth quasi-projective variety U . By M. Saito’s theory of mixed Hodge modules, the variation of Hodge structure H can be viewed as a polarized Hodge module M ∈ HM (U ). Let X be a compactification of U , and j : U ↪→ X is the natural map. In this paper, we use local cohomology with mixed Hodge module theory to study j+M ∈ DbM HM (X). In particular, we study the graded pieces of the de Rham complex GrF p DR(j+M) …
Parasitism By The Twisted-Winged Parasite Xenos Peckii (Strepsiptera), And Its Effects On The Ovary Development In Their Host Paper Wasp, Polistes Metricus (Hymenoptera), Alex K. Snyder
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Strepsiptera are generally described as parasitic castrators as they cause the reproductive death of the hosts. In southeast Georgia, only a handful of paper wasps are hosts for twisted-winged parasites. One such species, Polistes metricus, is parasitized by a twisted-winged parasite, Xenos peckii. Previous studies document that host survivorship at most developmental stages was not largely influenced by the presence of X. peckii. To determine if X. peckii can affect their host’s ability to survive and reproduce, we dissected P. metricus to determine ovary development and the presence of X. peckii parasites. Parasite presence had no effect on the host’s …
Ranking Of Non-Destructive Testing Methods For Ductile Iron Castings For Industry 4.0, Michael W. Jones
Ranking Of Non-Destructive Testing Methods For Ductile Iron Castings For Industry 4.0, Michael W. Jones
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Non-destructive testing techniques provide a unique solution to provide quality assurance of parts rapidly and efficiently without altering the functional properties of the workpiece. The metal casting industry requires an elevated level of quality assurance, as castings are critical components to several industries. The wrong selection of non-destructive testing methods could increase production costs, quality costs, and potentially permit non-conforming castings to enter the market. The aim of this research is to develop a ranking model for non-destructive testing techniques for ductile iron castings within the context of the fourth industrial revolution. The ranking model analyzes the effectiveness of the …
Evaluating Impacts Of Footpaths On Resiliency Of Restored Dunes At Tybee Island, Georgia, Skyler J. Fox
Evaluating Impacts Of Footpaths On Resiliency Of Restored Dunes At Tybee Island, Georgia, Skyler J. Fox
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Sand dunes provide critical ecosystem services including storm protection by acting as natural barriers. However, these systems are threatened by human disturbance, particularly pedestrian traffic occurring at footpaths that damages dune vegetation. Vegetation is essential to dune growth and stability, as dune plants trap and bind sand. When trampled, dunes become more vulnerable to erosion and less effective at providing coastal protection. On Tybee Island, Georgia—a popular tourist destination—a vegetated dune was constructed in 2020 to enhance storm protection. This study assessed how footpaths impact dune resiliency and aimed to inform management strategies. I evaluated: (1) how characteristics of vegetation, …
Community And Decomposition Dynamics Along A Saltwater Intrusion Gradient On Sapelo Island, Georgia, Zach Gordon
Community And Decomposition Dynamics Along A Saltwater Intrusion Gradient On Sapelo Island, Georgia, Zach Gordon
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Saltwater intrusion, the movement of ocean water into freshwater, is a significant global threat to coastal freshwater ecosystems linked to both climate change and anthropogenic influences. Alterations to coastal landscapes can increase intrusion. Sapelo Island has an extensive history of agricultural landscape alteration, but freshwater flow decline increased the movement of saltwater inland by tides. Intrusion is expected to increase in frequency and magnitude due to rising sea levels and storms. Salinization puts inland habitats and the humans relying on them at risk. As saltwater is denser than freshwater, more pressure is placed on benthic organisms (i.e., macroinvertebrates) that will …
Artificial Intelligence In Science And Society: The Vision Of Usern, Tommaso Dorigo, Gary D. Brown, Carlo Casonato, Artemi Cerda, Joseph Ciarrochi, Mauro Da Lio, Nicole D'Souza, Nicolas R. Gauger, Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann, Robert Johansson, Marcus Liwicki, Fabien Lotte, Juan J. Nieto, Giulia Olivato, Peter Parnes, George Perry, Alice Plebe, Idupulapati M. Rao, Nima Rezaei, Fredrik Sandin, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, Giorgio Vallortigara, Pietro Vischia, Niloufar Yazdanpanah
Artificial Intelligence In Science And Society: The Vision Of Usern, Tommaso Dorigo, Gary D. Brown, Carlo Casonato, Artemi Cerda, Joseph Ciarrochi, Mauro Da Lio, Nicole D'Souza, Nicolas R. Gauger, Steven C. Hayes, Stefan G. Hofmann, Robert Johansson, Marcus Liwicki, Fabien Lotte, Juan J. Nieto, Giulia Olivato, Peter Parnes, George Perry, Alice Plebe, Idupulapati M. Rao, Nima Rezaei, Fredrik Sandin, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, Giorgio Vallortigara, Pietro Vischia, Niloufar Yazdanpanah
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The recent rise in relevance and diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems and the increasing number and power of applications of AI methods invites a profound reflection on the impact of these innovative systems on scientific research and society at large. The Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), an organization that promotes initiatives to support interdisciplinary science and education across borders and actively works to improve science policy, collects here the vision of its Advisory Board members, together with a selection of AI experts, to summarize how we see developments in this exciting technology impacting science and society in …
Biological Control Of Ticks In Domestic Environments: Modeling The Potential Impact Of Entomopathogenic Fungi On The Transmission Of East Coast Fever In Cattle, Joseph Wang Ang A. Oundo, Nienke Hartemink, Mart C.M. De Jong, Constantianus J.M. Koenraadt, Shewit Kalayou, Daniel Masiga, Quirine Ten Bosch
Biological Control Of Ticks In Domestic Environments: Modeling The Potential Impact Of Entomopathogenic Fungi On The Transmission Of East Coast Fever In Cattle, Joseph Wang Ang A. Oundo, Nienke Hartemink, Mart C.M. De Jong, Constantianus J.M. Koenraadt, Shewit Kalayou, Daniel Masiga, Quirine Ten Bosch
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Biological control of ticks using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is a highly desired alternative to chemical acaricides for the control of tick-borne pathogens. For Metarhizium anisopliae isolate ICIPE 7, one of these EPFs, efficacy against multiple tick species has been demonstrated in laboratory and field settings. However, we currently have little quantitative understanding of how EPFs can impact transmission. We developed a deterministic model of tick–host–pathogen interactions to explore how the effects of EPF on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks may impact the transmission dynamics of East Coast fever (ECF) in cattle populations. We parameterized the multi-faceted effects of EPFs on tick dynamics …
Consequences Of Fire And Grazing To Conservation Of Arthropod Functional Diversity In A Protected Afrotropical Savanna, Ludzula Mukwevho, Tatenda Dalu, Mduduzi Ndlovu, Frank Chidawanyika
Consequences Of Fire And Grazing To Conservation Of Arthropod Functional Diversity In A Protected Afrotropical Savanna, Ludzula Mukwevho, Tatenda Dalu, Mduduzi Ndlovu, Frank Chidawanyika
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Fires and grazing disrupt the diversity and composition of biological organisms and their functions in the savannas. In the current study, we assessed the impact of fire and grazing intensities on the abundance, species richness and assemblages of eight functional groups of arthropods in Kruger National Park. Pitfalls and active searches were used to collect arthropods at the experimental burnt plots (EBPs) and grazed plots that were undisturbed, minimally or heavily disturbed in Mopane and Skukuza regions. Omnivores constituted the highest proportion (40 %) of individuals, whilst detritivores, granivores, hematophagous, herbivores, nectarivores, predators and scavengers constituted between 0.5 % and …
Challenges And Lessons From A Vector Control Campaign Targeting Glossina Palpalis Palpalis In An Isolated Protected Forest Area In Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire, Yao Jean Rodrigue Konan, Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta, Djakaridja Berté, Bamoro Coulibaly, Kinifo Donatien Coulibaly, Nick Steven Egnankon, Foungniguée Diarrassouba, Kouassi Albert Djabo, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Jean Paul Demoncheaux, Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio, Louis N’Dri, Philippe Solano, Sophie Ravel, Guy Pacôme Adingra, Antoine Barreaux, Adeline Ségard, Dramane Kaba, Vincent Jamonneau, Thierry De Meeûs, Vincent Djohan
Challenges And Lessons From A Vector Control Campaign Targeting Glossina Palpalis Palpalis In An Isolated Protected Forest Area In Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire, Yao Jean Rodrigue Konan, Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta, Djakaridja Berté, Bamoro Coulibaly, Kinifo Donatien Coulibaly, Nick Steven Egnankon, Foungniguée Diarrassouba, Kouassi Albert Djabo, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Jean Paul Demoncheaux, Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio, Louis N’Dri, Philippe Solano, Sophie Ravel, Guy Pacôme Adingra, Antoine Barreaux, Adeline Ségard, Dramane Kaba, Vincent Jamonneau, Thierry De Meeûs, Vincent Djohan
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Vector control (VC) is one of the strategies employed to manage African trypanosomoses. This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a VC campaign against Glossina palpalis palpalis using tiny targets (TTs) impregnated with insecticide in an isolated, protected forest in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, while considering ecological, genetic, and operational factors. Between January 2020 and September 2022, 2,712 TTs were deployed at 684 sites, covering a total area of 1.7 km2. VC monitoring was conducted using Vavoua traps during 12 evaluation surveys, between June 2020 and March 2023. Five months after the initial TT deployment, tsetse fly density had decreased …
Aflatoxin Prevalence And Association With Maize Grain Physical And Nutritional Qualities In The Informal Markets In Meru County, Kenya, C. Cherotich, M. W. Okoth, Abong’ Go, S. W. Kariuki, E. R. Omuse
Aflatoxin Prevalence And Association With Maize Grain Physical And Nutritional Qualities In The Informal Markets In Meru County, Kenya, C. Cherotich, M. W. Okoth, Abong’ Go, S. W. Kariuki, E. R. Omuse
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
In Kenya, aflatoxin contamination in maize remains a persistent issue, with potential negative impacts on both public health and economic growth. Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain mold species, primarily Aspergillus flavus. The extent of Aspergillus fungal invasion in maize grains and the resulting increase in aflatoxin levels is heavily influenced by pre-and post-harvest practices. Before harvest, factors such as insect damage and exposure to warm, humid conditions increase the crop's susceptibility to Aspergillus infection and subsequent aflatoxin formation. Post-harvest, additional risks arise when kernels are damaged by pests like rats or when they are stored in unfavorable …