Digital Commons Network^™

"I'Ve Never Felt A Pain Like This" A Dialogic Analysis Of Parent-Child Estrangement Narratives On Reddit, Grant W. Lane

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

How do adult children estranged from their parent(s) create meaning and make sense of their estrangement in Reddit posts on the subreddit r/EstrangedAdultChild? This study analyzed Reddit posts written by estranged adult children for a presumed audience of other estranged adult children. Using relational dialectics theory (RDT) as a lens for analysis, this research examined the competing discourses that influence the meaning-making and sense-making processes of estranged adult children in their posts when the intended audience is fellow estranged adult children. Seventy-four posts from r/EstrangedAdultChild, authored by adult children who self-identified as estranged from at least one parent, were collected …

Trace Level Benzoylecgonine Detections In Equine Plasma/Serum – A Proposed Interim Plasma Level Regulatory “Cut-Off“, Andreas F. Lehner, Kimberly Brewer, Levent Dirikolu, Abelardo Morales Briceñod, Robert Holland, George Maylin, Clara Fenger, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Cocaine is a widely used human recreational substance routinely transferring at pharmacologically irrelevant trace level amounts to non-user humans and horses. Horses and humans rapidly demethylate cocaine to benzoylecgonine which is excreted in urine at concentrations approaching two thousand times higher than the corresponding plasma cocaine concentrations. In human workplace drug testing, these usually pharmacologically irrelevant trace level urinary detections of benzoylecgonine are handled by application of a 100 ng/ml urinary “cut-off“, as presented by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In horse racing several American states have long used published urinary “cut-offs“ for benzoylecgonine of from …

Formication With Destruction Of The Nasal Septum: A Rare Case Report, Michele White, Dwayne Evans, Gary Frey, Cleverick Cd Johnson, Ben F Warner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Delusions of parasitosis are known by several names, one of which is formication. It is an uncommon psychiatric disorder listed in the DSM V under the classification of delusional disorders. Patients experience an established, incorrect belief that they have an infection of living organisms such as parasites. There are two types of delusions of parasitosis, primary and secondary. In the primary form, the symptom is the delusion of a parasitic infection without secondary cause. The secondary form includes this symptom as well as additional psychiatric disorder, drug abuse, or medical illness. Patients often seek consultation with dental providers for dental …

To Be Soft Again: A Phenomenological Study Of Uncertainty And Resilience In Childbearing During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Marcianna Nosek

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty was exacerbated in experiences of pregnancy and childbirth as people navigated through uncharted territory. Building resilience may be one effective way to cope. However, for those who carry a heavier burden in upholding others, a societal expectation of “toughness” and the ability to endure may lead to an appearance of resilience, while on the inside, well-being may be compromised.

Objectives:

This study is part of a larger phenomenological study that explored the broad research question: What is the lived experience of childbearing during the COVID-19 pandemic? Specific themes of uncertainty and resilience are reported …

Church Ministers' Perceptions On Burnout And How It Shapes Their Leadership Practices., Jason Young

Dissertations

This qualitative phenomenological study explored how large church ministry leaders experienced burnout and how that burnout shaped their leadership practices. The study was motivated by a research gap concerning the lived experiences of ministers in large churches. Framed by the job demands-resources theory and the conservation of resources theory, the study sought to understand how the demands of ministry leadership and the availability of personal and organizational resources influenced the experience of burnout. The research employed a qualitative phenomenological design, utilizing semi-structured interviews. A purposive and snowball sampling approach was used to recruit 13 large US church ministry leaders. The …

Dental Management Of A Talon Cusp On A Permanent Incisor In Traumatic Occlusion, Bret Lesavoy Dmd, Richard Yoon D.D.S.

The New York State Dental Journal

The purpose of this paper is to report the case of an 8-year-old female with occlusal interferences involving the permanent maxillary right central incisor (PMRCI) due to a Type 1 dens evaginatus, also known as a talon cusp (TC), causing displacement of the affected tooth. Clinical concerns related to TCs include occlusal interferences and increased risk for dental injury, displacement of the affected tooth, caries, tongue irritation and esthetic concerns. The TC in this report was reduced periodically over two months. Following each reduction, 5% topical sodium fluoride varnish was applied as a desensitizing agent. Upon completion and removal of …

Risk And Prognosis Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Rikita I Hatia, Lu-Yu Hwang, Ruosha Li, Catherine Troisi, Prasun K Jalal, Christopher I Amos, Henry F Gomez, Yun Shin Chun, Asif Rashid, Ahmed O Kaseb, Paul A Scheet, Manal M Hassan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) disproportionately affects Hispanic persons with higher age-specific incidence and increased mortality rates compared to non-Hispanic Whites. These high rates of incidence and mortality may be explained by the variation in risk factors. Given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among the Hispanic population, we aimed to assess the risk and prognosis of HCC in Mexican Americans with type 2 DM with consideration of treatment for DM.

METHODS: A case-control study of 241 Mexican American HCC patients and 500 healthy controls in Texas was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the …

A Systematic Review And Narrative Synthesis Of Factors Affecting Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Willingness Among Black Women For Hiv Prevention, Alexis Sims Haynes, Christine Markham, Vanessa Schick, Robert Suchting, Nivedhitha Parthasarathy, Sumaita Choudhury, Mandy J Hill

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can significantly reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among Black women in the United States (U.S.), a group disproportionately affected by HIV. However, PrEP uptake in this HIV-vulnerable population is low. This review analyzes the factors influencing Black women's PrEP willingness using the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations (BMVP). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) framework, we conducted a systematic literature search and selected 24 peer-reviewed studies on PrEP willingness. Narrative synthesis revealed a heterogeneous landscape of the determinants affecting PrEP willingness …

Association Between Trust In The Incumbent President And Covid-19 Preventive Behaviors During The Pandemic In Four Latin American Countries, Juliana Mejía-Grueso, Gloria Isabel Niño-Cruz, Javiera Alarcón-Aguilar, Pablo Roa-Urrutia, Sergio Mauricio Moreno-López, Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino, Alexandre Augusto De Paula Da Silva, Fernando López, Deborah Salvo, Rodrigo Siqueira Reis, Guillermo Rosas, Andrea Ramírez-Varela

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed disparities in policy responses in Latin America. We examined the association between trust in the president and COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. We used data from the Collaborative COVID-19 Response Survey by the McDonnell Academy at Washington University in St. Louis (United States), from September 2020 to March 2021. Nonprobabilistic sampling included adult citizens from the four countries. Multivariate negative binomial regression models were applied. The study included 8,125 participants, with Brazil showing the lowest adherence to preventive behaviors (65.5%). Increased adoption of preventive behaviors was linked with ages 18-26 (aIRR = …

Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer Contributes To Microenvironmental Redirection Of Cancer Cell Fate, Julie Sofie Bjerring, Yara Khodour, Emilee Anne Peterson, Patrick Christian Sachs, Robert David Bruno

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

The mammary microenvironment has been shown to suppress tumor progression by redirecting cancer cells to adopt a normal mammary epithelial progenitor fate in vivo. However, the mechanism(s) by which this alteration occurs has yet to be defined. Here, we test the hypothesis that mitochondrial transfer from normal mammary epithelial cells to breast cancer cells plays a role in this redirection process. We evaluate mitochondrial transfer in 2D and 3D organoids using our unique 3D bioprinting system to produce chimeric organoids containing normal and cancer cells. We demonstrate that breast cancer tumoroid growth is hindered following interaction with mammary epithelial cells …

A Comparison Of Floating Catchment Area Parameters With Applications To A Dataset Of Clinics Enrolled In A Statewide Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Consultation Program, Jocelyn Hunyadi, Lara S Savas, Kehe Zhang, Jeanette E Deason, Ryan Ramphul, Melissa F Peskin, Erica L Frost, Cici Bauer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare resources are often crucial but limited, requiring careful consideration and informed allocation based on population needs and potential healthcare access. In resource allocation settings, availability and accessibility of resources should be examined simultaneously. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method has been previously used to evaluate spatial accessibility to healthcare resources and services, and to address health-related disparities. The 2SFCA methods have regained significant popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, as their application proved crucial in addressing priority public health data analysis, modeling, and accessibility challenges. However, comprehensive comparisons of the 2SFCA method input parameters in the context of …

Untargeted Metabolome Atlas For Sleep-Related Phenotypes In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos, Ying Zhang, Brian W Spitzer, Yu Zhang, Danielle A Wallace, Bing Yu, Qibin Qi, Maria Argos, M Larissa Avilés-Santa, Eric Boerwinkle, Martha L Daviglus, Robert Kaplan, Jianwen Cai, Susan Redline, Tamar Sofer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Sleep is essential to maintaining health and wellbeing of individuals, influencing a variety of outcomes from mental health to cardiometabolic disease. This study aims to assess the relationships between various sleep-related phenotypes and blood metabolites.

METHODS: Utilising data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we performed association analyses between 40 sleep-related phenotypes, grouped in several domains (sleep disordered breathing (SDB), sleep duration, sleep timing, self-reported insomnia symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and heart rate during sleep), and 768 metabolites measured via untargeted metabolomics profiling. Network analysis was employed to visualise and interpret the associations between sleep phenotypes …

Revisiting Circular Economy Rebound: Market Dynamics, Policy Implications, And Future Research Directions, Trevor Zink Ph.D., Benjamin H. Lowe, Andrea Genovese, David Font Vivaco

Management Faculty Works

The circular economy has gained momentum as a sustainability paradigm that aims to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation by promoting resource efficiency and waste minimization. However, mounting evidence points to a critical challenge: circular economy rebound (CER). This phenomenon occurs when efficiency improvements intended to reduce resource use provoke systemic, market, or behavioral responses that diminish or even reverse the anticipated environmental gains. This is particularly problematic within growth-oriented economies, where resource efficiency often reinforces rather than reduces consumption. This paper draws on insights from a roundtable discussion with leading experts—Trevor Zink, David Font Vivanco, and Andrea Genovese—to critically …

Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure And Sleep Disturbance In School-Aged Children In Appalachian Ohio, Ketrell Mcwhorter, Christine Kim, Timothy J. Hilbert, Danielle E. Mcbride, Anthony A. Mangino, Patrick J. Parsons, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Erin N. Haynes

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Introduction: Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure remains a major public health concern for children and has been implicated in sleep disturbances through biological and behavioral mechanisms. Different methods of measuring SHS exposure have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined the relationship between SHS exposure and sleep among rural Appalachian 7–9-year-olds, utilizing three SHS measurements: natural log-transformed (ln) serum cotinine concentrations, dichotomized serum cotinine levels (≥0.05 vs. <0.05 ng/ml), and parent/caregiver report of ≥1 smoker in the home. We hypothesized SHS-exposed children would have a significantly higher prevalence of sleep disturbance—e.g., short sleep, frequent snoring, night awakenings—compared to unexposed, regardless of measurement method. Methods: We used data from the Marietta Community Actively Researching Exposure Study, a cohort of 404 children in Marietta and Cambridge, Ohio. Sleep disturbances were parent/caregiver-reported. Linear models were used for continuous outcomes to estimate beta coefficients; log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations (exchangeable correlation) were applied for dichotomized outcomes to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), each with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Twenty-six percent of children had a parent/caregiver report of ≥1 sleep disturbance. There was a 35% increased prevalence of short sleep [PR = 1.35 (95%CI:1.02–1.80), p =.04] with each unit increase of ln serum cotinine levels, adjusting for age, sex, parent education, BMI percentile, and history of breathing difficulties in the past two years. Increasing ln serum cotinine levels were associated with a significant 5.5-min decrease in average sleep duration in age-adjusted models. Conclusions: Higher SHS exposure was associated with poorer sleep outcomes, with serum cotinine emerging as the only measure linked to short sleep, underscoring the importance of smoke-free environments, particularly in rural communities, and objective exposure assessment.

Challenges And Opportunities Of Universal Health Coverage In Africa: A Scoping Review, Evaline Chepchirchir Langat, Paul Ward, Hailay Gesesew, Lillian Mwanri

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is a global priority, with the goal of ensuring that everyone has access to high-quality healthcare without suffering financial hardship. In Africa, most governments have prioritized UHC over the last two decades. Despite this, the transition to UHC in Africa is seen to be sluggish, with certain countries facing inertia. This study sought to examine the progress of UHC-focused health reform implementation in Africa, investigating the approaches utilized, the challenges faced, and potential solutions.

Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we scoped the literature …

Atrial Fibrillation Burden And Clinical Outcomes In Dual-Chamber Pacemaker Recipients, Ka Ho Oscar Chiu, Shou Yan Kam, Ka Chun Kevin Lee, To Shing Wong, Jacky Kit Chan, Yuk-Kong Lau, Kwok-Lun Lee, Wai-Ling Jessica Poon

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Background

Pacemaker-detected atrial fibrillation (PDAF) and its burden are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, but consensus is lacking on its definition and local clinical outcomes are unclear. We evaluated PDAF, its burden and relationship with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

Methods

This retrospective study recruited adult patients receiving dual-chamber pacemakers from 2014 to 2022. The presence of PDAF of 5 minutes, PDAF burden (defined by the longest episode) and time to new-onset PDAF were measured and analysed. High PDAF burden was defined as PDAF lasting 24 hours.

Results

A total of 275 patients were analysed and followed for …

32nd Annual Scientific Congress Of Hong Kong College Of Cardiology Abstracts

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

No abstract provided.

Characteristics And Clinical Outcomes Of Young Patients With St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction A Retrospective Study, Cheung Pak Nung Rocco, Chi Yan Raymond Fung

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Background ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) carries high mortality and poor outcomes without timely treatment. Its occurrence in young patients is especially concerning due to social impact. Objectives This study examined the characteristics and outcomes of young STEMI patients in Hong Kong to identify areas for public health improvement. Methods We retrospectively reviewed STEMI patients admitted to Princess Margaret Hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 who underwent coronary angiography and reperfusion therapy. Patients were grouped as young (years) or older (≥50 years). Results Out of 818 patients treated with PCI, 102 (12.5%) were under 50 years old. Compared to …

Prevalence And Relationship Of Poor Sleep Quality And Suicidality Risk Among Patients With Schizophrenia, Inu Arya, Nanda Kumar Paniyadi, Debadatta Mahapatra, Jaison Jacob, Rakesh Vr

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Soothing Little Feet: Exploring Warm Water Foot Baths As A Gentle Fever-Reduction Therapy For Children", Alphy Philip, Manjusha A P, Jaison Jacob

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Introduction: Footbath therapy has been traditionally used as a non-pharmacological approach to promote relaxation, improve circulation, and regulate body temperature. Warm water footbath therapy, in particular, is believed to aid in reducing fever by enhancing peripheral vasodilation, which facilitates heat dissipation.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of warm water footbath therapy in reducing body temperature in children with fever.

Method: A quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-test control groups was used, involving 40 children aged 6-12 years. Participants were split into an experimental group (n=20) receiving warm water footbath therapy for 15-20 minutes and a control group (n=20) receiving standard care. …

‘Impact Of Titration Of Atropine On Clinical Outcomes In Organophosphorus Poisoning Patients: An Observational Study’, Ashwini Ashwini, Janet Alva, Vivek Gopinathan

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a significant public health problem globally, leading to symptoms such as cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome, and altered consciousness. Proper administration of atropine, based on acetylcholinesterase enzyme levels, is critical to prevent deterioration. This study aims to describe how atropine titration parameters affect clinical outcomes in patients with organophosphorus poisoning

Materials and Methods: An observational cohort study included 46 OP poisoning patients aged over 18 years, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Data were collected within 24 hours of ICU admission using structured checklists covering demographic profiles, atropine titration, and clinical outcomes. Descriptive statistics were …

Posterior Circulation Stroke- A Case Report, Janet Alva, Shwetha Prabhu, Raghavendra Rao S

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Background: Stroke is most commonly seen in individuals over 65 years of age. When it occurs in adults between 18 and 65 years, it is classified as a young stroke. Unusual presentations such as dizziness, visual disturbances, or sensory changes often contribute to delayed recognition. Early identification is crucial for preventing complications and enhancing neurological outcomes. Case presentation: A 34-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of dizziness, right-sided tingling and weakness, and blurred vision. The neurological examination revealed subtle signs of posterior circulation impairment. MRI brain stroke protocol demonstrated an acute posterior circulation infarct involving …

Symptoms And Risk Factors Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Computer Users, Keerthi Naik, Leena Sequira, Roseminu Varghese

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Background and Objective:

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common occupational health issue, especially for people who use computers for extended periods of time and make repetitive wrist and hand motions. Concerns about the onset of CTS symptoms and related risk factors have been raised by the increasing use of computers in professional settings. For early intervention and prevention in high-risk populations, it is essential to comprehend its clinical presentation and occupational risks. The objectives of this study were to assess the symptoms and identify the risk factors for CTS and explore the association between demographics, risk factors, and CTS …

Academic Stress, Performance, And Satisfaction Among Undergraduate Nursing Students Under The Semester System, Kalyani Sinha, Sangeetha Priyadarshini, Baby S Nayak, Meghna Pandit

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Introduction: Stress is a key indicator of psychological well being. Various factors contribute to the psychological disturbances among undergraduate students. These issues can affect academic satisfaction and increase stress. Examination-related stress negatively impacts students’ academic performance. Each course determines its assessment methods, content, learning strategies and instructional approaches. Objectives: This study assessed academic stress, performance, and satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students in the semester system at selected nursing colleges in Udupi District, Karnataka and find it’s relationship. Method: A descriptive study was conducted among 210 undergraduate students selected from the second and fourth semesters using a purposive sampling …

Evaluation Of Electrical And Piezoresistive Properties Of Carbon Black/Polyurethane Nanocomposite For Strain Sensing Applications, Nihal A. Youssef, Tamer Z. Wafy, O.R Abdelsalam, Nariman E. Elbaly, O.M. Dawood

Trends in advanced sciences and technology

Nanocomposite sensors are gaining importance due to their cost-effectiveness and the ability to modify their properties for various applications. This study investigates the electrical and piezoresistive properties of polyurethane (PU)/carbon black (CB) nanocomposites for strain-sensing applications. Nanocomposite films were prepared by mixing varying weight percentages of CB (3-6 wt %) using a direct method, followed by sonication and screen printing. The characterization of carbon black (CB) particles and nanocomposite microstructure were examined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while their thermal stability and degradation behavior were assessed by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) under different temperature conditions. The …

To Explore Potential Targets And Their Natural Inhibitors To Combat Diabetes, Rishita Dey, Sisir Nandi, Asmita Samadder

Trends in advanced sciences and technology

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people around the globe. Prolonged hyperglycemia, abnormal metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, oxidative damage, and a high incidence of microvascular diseases are the common hallmarks of diabetes and its complications. This condition has been shown to hasten the onset of several other disorders, including peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy, pulmonary arterial disease, and coronary artery disease, thereby necessitating exploration of different avenues of medicinal regimen to address / delineate the complications. The subject matter for this review has been gathered from a range of research publications, review papers, and book …

Thermal Performance Of A Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle Utilizing A Heat Pipe As A Heat Exchanger, Wael I. A. Aly, Islam S. Hassan, Mo’Men I. Radwan

Trends in advanced sciences and technology

The present study experimentally investigates the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC) integrated with a heat pipe functioning as a heat exchanger. The heat pipe was developed to enhance heat transfer between the suction and liquid lines of the VCRC. The integration of the heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) aims to decrease the compressor duty cycle, which consequently enhances system longevity and reduces energy consumption. The effects of different working fluids and filling ratios in the HPHE on the system performance were examined. Specifically, the impact of these parameters on the refrigeration effect (RE), and overall coefficient of …

Genetic Mutations Affecting Dentin Formation: Molecular Insights And Therapeutic Strategies, Mohamed Yehia Abdelfattah, Yara Sameh Said, Shimaa A. Elsaady, Shahenda A. Abdallahahmed, Wael Abou-Zeid

Trends in advanced sciences and technology

Writing a comprehensive review on gene mutations affecting dentin mineralization requires thorough research and organization, as each section examines how specific mutations influence this process, supported by relevant findings. Mutations in genes such as DSPP, DMP1, andMEPE impair dentin structure and mineralization by disrupting odontoblast function, dentin matrix integrity, and mineral deposition. These genetic alterations interfere with key biological processes, including odontoblast differentiation and matrix formation, through altered signaling pathways such as Wnt/β- catenin and TGF-β, contributing to dental disorders like Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (DI). Gaining molecular insights into these disruptions enhances our understanding of dentin biology and supports early diagnosis, …

Modeling Healthcare Managerial And It Sophistication, Gary Hackbarth, Teuta Cata

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

Sophisticated healthcare managers understand that managing information and selecting technology are two related but separate skill sets. Information Technology Governance (ITG) allows healthcare organizations to deal with complex issues, compete effectively, and support patient needs by integrating managerial and IT sophistication to improve business performance. An organizational model that merges IT and managerial sophistication by improving ITG to forecast business outcomes must grasp the intricacies of technology to acquire, manage, and utilize information technology in alignment with business strategies. The proposed model differentiates between internal and external IT management strategic thinking, emphasizing the critical need to govern IT effectively by …

Supporting Second-Year College Students In The Murky Middle, Alisha L. Kimble

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This study articulates the needs and expectations of an intersectional population of undergraduate college students: second-year students in the murky middle. Nearly half of all student dropouts occur after the first year of enrollment, with more than 45% occurring by mid-performing students. Despite this, institutions, like researchers, do not readily focus on the retention of this population of students; a Noel Levitz study (2013) found a disparity in the prevalence of retention practices for first-year students (94%-98%) and second-year students (20%-29%). This general qualitative study utilized a semi-structured interview protocol with nine participants to gather information about the participants’ needs …