Digital Commons Network^™

Flood Inundation Mapping For The Tana River Delta In Kenya, Anne N. Mugatha

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study aimed at mapping flood inundation areas in the Tana River Delta. The 30 m DEM and digitized streams and road networks data were collected through remote sensing techniques followed by ground truthing. The data used also included Tana River discharge data at Garsen gauging station. Probability distributions were fitted on the annual maximum discharges. The 4 parameter generalized Gamma probability distribution was the best-fitting distribution according to goodness-of-fit criteria and the Q-Q plots and was used to generate the flood quantiles for different return periods. The generated flood quantiles were; 286 m3/s, 369 m3/s, 400 m3/s, 405 m3/s, …

Production Of Potassium-Rich Biofertilizer From Composted Banana Peels And Watermelon Rinds, Neema O. Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study investigated the production of biofertilizer from composted banana peels and watermelon rinds, focusing on the mineral content and its impact on plant growth. The process involved characterizing raw materials, producing biofertilizer, analyzing mineral concentrations (potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus), and evaluating its quality through Spiny Amaranth seed growth. A compost bin with three compartments was designed, testing three composting ratios of banana peels to watermelon rinds (2:1, 1:2 and 1:1). Composting was monitored on moisture content, pH, organic matter, and temperature for 37 days. The 1:1 ratio had the lowest temperature (33.45°C) and highest pH (7.08), while the 2:1 …

Clustering Mini-Grids To Enhance Power Systems Reliability In Distributed Generation, Santos Kihwele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study investigates the effectiveness of clustering mini-grids as a method to improve the reliability and operational stability of distributed generation systems in remote areas, particularly where renewable energy sources are predominant. As renewable resources like solar and wind are increasingly integrated into mini-grids, these systems face various challenges, particularly in maintaining stable voltage and frequency across interconnected networks. Such issues are compounded by the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and the lack of extensive communication infrastructure in rural or resource-constrained settings. To address these control challenges, this study applies droop control techniques to two mini-grids in Uganda, utilizing …

Factors Affecting Adoption Of Industry 4.0 Predictive Maintenance By Manufacturing Industries: Tanzania Food And Beverage Manufacturing Industries, Fred E. Peter

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Industry 4.0 has increasingly become a focal point of scholarly inquiry. Nonetheless, there remains a noticeable lack of comprehensive research on the diverse and systematic factors that influence the adoption of Industry 4.0 Predictive Maintenance (PdM 4.0) in manufacturing sectors within developing regions, particularly in East Africa. This study seeks to bridge this research gap by investigating the key determinants affecting the actual implementation of PdM 4.0 in Tanzania’s food and beverage manufacturing industries. To achieve this objective, a mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with ten industry …

Synthetic Inertia Provision For Load Frequency Control In Networks With High Penetration Of Renewable Energy Sources, Paulina Mkoi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy has become a promising solution as the world shifts toward clean energy. Solar PV and wind resources are increasingly replacing conventional synchronous generators, leading to reduced system inertia and increased vulnerability to frequency instability during disturbances. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel synthetic inertia provision strategy using a battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated alongside solar PV. The proposed method dynamically compensates for the loss of inertia by considering the variability of solar PV output due to changes in irradiance and temperature. …

Comparison Of The Physiological Age Of Adult Resting Versus Flying Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), D.M. Roberts

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

Relatively little is known about the physiological age of resting mosquitoes. In this study, Culex quinquefasciatus Say had a similar proportion of males (75%) in the resting as in the flying population (76%), but among the females, there were significant differences between the physiological age of the resting and flying populations. The proportion of unfed females (51%) was significantly smaller in the resting than in the flying female group (82%). By contrast, in the resting group, there were much higher proportions of blood-fed (28% compared with 4%) and to a lesser extent gravid (21% compared with 14%) females. Of the …

Renewed Archaeological Research In Singida Region, Central Tanzania, Makarius Itambu, Eslem Ben Arous, Ricardo Fernandes, Marina Gallinaro, Jana Ilgner, Mary Lucas, Patrick Roberts, Erin Scott, Axel Steinhof, Robert Patalano

Biological and Biomedical Sciences Department Faculty Journal Articles

Archaeological research in central Tanzania, chiefly in the Singida Region, has only been sporadically conducted, with the focus of such investigations being mostly on rock art and Later Stone Age (LSA) material. Here, we report preliminary results from renewed research expeditions conducted in the Singida Region. In 2021 and 2022, we located 31 archaeological sites in Ikungi District, excavated an open-air site (Nkungi) and a rock shelter (Itramuka), and uncovered well-stratified cultural sequences containing lithics, ceramics, and metallurgical remains, as well as human remains and animal bones. The recent archaeological discoveries in the region revealed a rich and composite archaeological …

Safety And Efficacy Of Single-Dose Primaquine To Interrupt Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Transmission In Children Compared With Adults: A Systematic Review And Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis, Wwarn Paediatric Primaquine For P Falciparum Transmission Blocking Study Group, Daniel Yilma, Kasia Stepniewska, Teun Bousema, Chris Drakeley, Prashanti Eachempati, Philippe J. Guerin, Andreas Mårtensson, Richard Mwaiswelo, Walter R. Taylor, Karen I. Barnes

Peninsula Dental School

Background: Adding a single dose of primaquine to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of falciparum malaria can reduce the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and could limit the spread of artemisinin partial resistance, including in Africa, where the disease burden is greatest. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of single-dose primaquine plus ACT between young children (aged <5 years) and older children (aged 5 years to <15 years) and adults (aged ≥15 years), and between low and moderate-to-high transmission areas. Methods: For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO Global Index Medicus, OpenGrey.eu, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, from database inception to April 3, 2024, with no language restrictions. We included prospective studies on efficacy against falciparum malaria that enrolled at least one child younger than 15 years and involved a study group given a single dose of primaquine (≤0·75 mg/kg) plus ACT. Studies involving mass drug administration, healthy volunteers, or patients with severe malaria or mixed (with non-falciparum) infections were excluded. For inclusion in the efficacy analysis, data on transmission potential (as determined by gametocytaemia, infectivity, or both) at enrolment and follow-up (day 3, day 7, or day 14) were required; the safety analysis required data on haemoglobin concentrations or haematocrit values at enrolment and at one or more follow-up visits by day 7, any data on adverse events, or both. After independent screening of the search results by two reviewers, the investigators of eligible studies were invited to contribute individual patient data. We quantified day 7 gametocyte carriage, probability of infecting a mosquito, decreases (>25%) in haemoglobin concentration associated with anaemia, and adverse events until day 28 using regression analyses, with random study-site intercepts to account for clustered data. These analyses were registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021279363 (safety) and CRD42021279369 (efficacy). Findings: Of 5697 records …

Vigilante Justice Violence In Ghana: Does A Visible Police Force Reduce Support For Instant Justice?, John Ampomah

Theses

Vigilante justice remains a persistent issue in Ghana, with a significant portion of Ghanaians subscribing to it to address their grievances. While existing research has examined the social and cultural drivers of vigilante justice in Ghana, the role of visible police presence (i.e., police station and police patrol) on vigilante justice has received limited attention. This study seeks to add to the literature by exploring the relationship between visible police presence and support for vigilante justice by drawing on Black’s (1983) Self-Help Theory. First, I argue that a visible police force directly reduces public support for vigilante justice and indirectly …

Bytes, Banter, And The Bible: An Interdisciplinary Account Of Objective Meaning, Cameron Bonin

Liberty University Research Week

The claim that the Bible has objective meaning is contested in a postmodern world. Many theologians and philosophers have sought to address this critique. One such philosopher is Nicholas Wolterstorff, who makes use of speech-act theory to defend authorial-discourse interpretation. His case is especially presented in his work, Divine Discourse: Philosophical Reflections on the Claim that God Speaks. But theologians and philosophers are not the only ones concerned with the nature of meaning. As such, the assertion that the biblical texts have objective meaning can be more persuasively defended when it is addressed by insights from multiple disciplines. In particular, …

2025 Abstract Book (Pdf), School Of Public Health

School of Public Health Delta Omega Honors Day Poster Sessions

The collection of abstracts for the 2025 Delta Omega Honors Day Poster Session.

Characterizing Stroke Presenting To A Regional Referral Hospital Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Uganda: A Retrospective Analysis, Christopher Burant, Shirley Moore, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Introduction: Stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, disproportionately impacts low and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) which reports the highest stroke burden. The COVID-19 pandemic further complicated this situation, emerging as a significant stroke risk factor. The pandemic also disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, affecting stroke management and care accessibility, and leading to deteriorated conditions in stroke patients upon hospital admission. In this pre/during COVID-19 pandemic analysis of acute stroke cases presenting to a Ugandan hospital, we investigated the relationship between stroke admissions, management and treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective medical record review in …

2025 Otterbein University Commencement Program, Otterbein University

Commencement Programs

Program for the 2025 Otterbein University Commencement Ceremonies.

The Faculty Notebook, April 2025, Provost's Office

Faculty Notebook

The Faculty Notebook is published periodically by the Office of the Provost at Gettysburg College to bring to the attention of the campus community accomplishments and activities of academic interest. Faculty are encouraged to submit materials for consideration for publication to the Associate Provost for Faculty Development. Copies of this publication are available at the Office of the Provost.

‬ ‭ Spiritual Geographies And Living Ritual:‬ ‭ Misali Island’S Caves In Swahili Religious Life In Zanzibar, Everett Gordon

Tanzania-Zanzibar: Coastal Ecology and Natural Resource Management

Caves along the East African Swahili coast are more than geological formations—they are spiritual landscapes where the boundaries between visible and invisible worlds collapse. This paper explores the ritual and religious significance of three caves on Misali Island, a small coral rag island off the coast of Pemba in the Zanzibar Archipelago. Drawing on vegetation surveys and three weeks of ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews with local fishermen, waganga (healers), and marine rangers, this study investigates how these caves serve as sites of prayer, healing, and spirit veneration. It argues that the practices performed within and around these caves exemplify the …

Baobab Beach Profile: Erosion Of North-Northeast Misali Island, Elizabeth Waterfall

Tanzania-Zanzibar: Coastal Ecology and Natural Resource Management

This study investigates the patterns and drivers of coastal erosion on Misali Island,located off the coast of Pemba Island in the Zanzibar Archipelago. Fieldwork was conducted over a 28-day period, focusing on four beachfront locations along Baobab Beach. Measurements included strike and dip, beach crest-to-toe distance (m), beach step height (cm), sand composition and sand color, velocity, coral composition, and a rate of sediment accumulated per day. These data, combined with qualitative observations, reveal spatial variability in sediment deposition and erosion severity across the island’s coastline. Results suggest that reduced coral cover and increased exposure to wave energy are contributing …

Examining Cookstove Use Pemba Island, Tanzania, Mabel Degrandpre

Tanzania-Zanzibar: Coastal Ecology and Natural Resource Management

This study focuses on the realities and perceptions of cookstoves among community members in Pemba. With a secondary focus on how the realities and perceptions of cookstove 2 use intersect with the Community Forest Pemba cookstove initiative. This study is centered in Wete District on Pemba Island Tanzania. Using a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews and biographical sketch methodology 29 total interviews were conducted which illuminated the traditional significance of the three stone fire (TSF), awareness about the health risks of cookstoves, and the impact that the Community Forest Pemba (CFP) cookstove initiate has on community members. Interviewees used …

Navigating Peril: The Impact Of Modern-Day Somali Piracy On Global Shipping Industries, Rachel A. Morton

Honors Theses

This thesis addresses the issue of modern-day Somali piracy and the impacts it has had on the global shipping industry. As a persisting problem in the 21st century, piracy has had dramatic effects on the global economy, with billions of dollars being spent in reaction to the crisis. Piracy has become a resurging problem in recent years, and it is essential to understand the logistical and financial implications of piracy in the past so that the problem does not persist.

Piracy in Somalia, is ultimately a result of state failure, demonstrated by the lack of government effectiveness and scarce employment …

The Aga Khan Health Services - International Newsletter No. 22, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan Health Services Archives

• Her Highness Inaugurates Extension of Kisumu Hospital

• Medical and Nursing Student Survey Reveals Health Oddity in Orangi

• Student Survey Reveals Health Oddity

• Appointments at Aga Khan University and Hospital

• School of Nursing Graduates 49% of Karachi Nurses

• Continuing Education Workshops for Lady Health Visitors

• Pakistan Burmah Shell

• Hospitals in the Muslim Near East A Historical Overview

• Good Luck Corporation

• Dr. Dan Kasege

• Aga Khan Health Services Co-Sponsors Conference on Diarrhoeal Diseases

• UNICEF Assists Dar-es-Salaam Hospital

• Nutrition Campaign Launched in U.K.

• Blood Donor Clinic in Toronto

• …

The Relationship Between Precision Strikes And Terrorist Activity, Connor A. Joyce

Student Publications

Precision warfare is intended to reduce the human costs for allied combatants in conflict. However, as this new form of fighting becomes increasingly central to modern military campaigns, its impact on terrorist activity warrants close examination. This paper explores the psychological effects of trauma on terrorist behavior, engages with scholarly debates on the outcomes of precision tactics, and presents statistical analysis to argue that the United States’ use of precision warfare, from 2000 through 2019, contributed to increased amounts of terrorist activity. Empirical findings in Somalia, Yemen, and Afghanistan support this claim. Precision tactics have been known to save American …

Preparing Preservice Teachers For Rural Teaching Through Professional Learning During Teaching Practice, Blandina Daniel Mazzuki

The Rural Educator

Resource deficit in rural schools has been reported to affect recruitment and retention of teachers. However, many researchers focus on external factors that can attract teachers to teach in rural schools. This study explores teacher educators’ and preservice teachers’ perspectives on strategies that may equip preservice teachers with professional learning during their teaching practice to attract them to teaching and staying in rural schools. The study was conducted at the University of Dar es Salaam (Dar es Salaam University College of Education-DUCE). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions conducted with 5 teacher educators and 33 preservice …

The Shorthorn: March 22, 1932

The Shorthorn Newspaper Collection: 1930s

No abstract provided.

Promotional Techniques For Marketing Academic Library Product And Services, Fisayo Adesola Adekunle Mr., Bright Ajayi Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

This paper clarifies the marketing techniques used to promote the product and services offered by academic libraries. Users are kept informed about the information resources accessible at the library by marketing of the services and information resources offered by the library. Library-produced materials such as reading lists, bibliographies, flyers, brochures, library e-mail, websites, posters, and other materials; special programs and events such as library orientation, workshops, and seminars; and social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, and blogs are some of the promotional techniques used in marketing library resources. Marketing library product and services improves user perception of the …

Resilience And Its Association With Hopelessness, Depression, Loneliness, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) And Suicidal Ideations And Behavior In A Cohort In The Nairobi Metropolitan, David M Ndetei, Victoria Mutiso, Christine Musyimi, Eric Jeremiah, Pascalyne Nyamai, Samuel Walusaka, Veronica Onyango, Kamaldeep Bhui, Daniel Mamah

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Comprehending resilience in the face of mental health issues is important, especially for young people who deal with a variety of psychological pressures. This study aims to investigate the co-occurrence of several mental health conditions and the role of resilience as a potential intervention in youth 14-25 years in the Nairobi metropolitan area. We recruited 1,972 youths. The following self-administered instruments were used: resilience (ARM-R), hopelessness (BHS), depression (BDI, PHQ-9), PTSD (HTQ), loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and suicidality (C-SSRS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted on the data. The key findings are that depression and …

The Inadequacy Of Legal Provisions On Workplace Sexual Harassment In Nigeria And Ghana: The Way Forward, Emuobo Emudainohwo

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

Sexual harassment has been a persistent problem in workplaces in Nigeria and Ghana. The legal provisions in both jurisdictions generally focus on the definition of “sexual harassment” without remedies for the harassment, sanctions, enforcement procedures, anti-sexual harassment policies, complaint procedures, etc., that can control sexual harassment in the workplace. The article examines the scantiness and inadequacy of legal provisions on workplace sexual harassment in Nigeria and Ghana, suggesting a way forward. The doctrinal research method has been deployed, focusing on relevant Nigerian and Ghanaian legal provisions. The article considers the organization theory of sexual harassment, using it as a framework, …

Perceived Flexibility And Benefits As Determinants Of Cloud Computing Adoption By Academic Libraries In South-West, Nigeria, Adeniyi Isaiah Kayode, Sunday Adebisi Oguntayo Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Goal: This study has examined perceived flexibility and benefits as determinants of cloud computing adoption by academic libraries in South-West, Nigeria

Methodology: This study used interviews for gathered data in a strictly qualitative manner. The system librarians in South-West Nigerian university libraries were the intended audience. Twenty (20) system librarians employed in the ICT department of nine (9) university libraries in South-West Nigeria made up the sample. There were five research questions formulated and answered.

Findings/Results: System librarians acknowledge the benefits of cloud computing adoption in academic libraries. To overcome these challenges, meticulous strategic planning is required

Prediction And Control Of Ground Vibrations Due To Blasting Activities In Aggregate Mines, Iddi Ramadhani Bulushi, Geleta Warkisa Deressa, Bhanwar Singh Choudhary

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Predicting and controlling ground vibrations from blasting is crucial for protecting structures and minimizing environmental impacts. This study investigates how explosive quantity and scaled distances affect peak particle velocity and establishes empirical equations to estimate this velocity at different distances from the blast area. The study found that the maximum charge per delay at a peak particle velocity of 10 mm/s was reduced to 13.46% as the delay timing was increased from 0 to 25 ms and 9.99% from 0 to 50 ms delay timing. The reduction of maximum charge with increasing delay timing leads to the reduction of ground …

Strategies For Enhancing The Ability Of Rural Farmers To Deal With Challenges Of Climate Change Through Adult Education Programme In South East, Nigeria, Abaobi David Agbo Dr., Ngozi Justina Igwe Dr., Onyinye Regina Ekere, Stella C. Nwizu Prof.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Agriculture has become the main stay of the economy of developing countries in the world especially south-east, Nigeria. Rural farmers in South-east, Nigeria have suffered significant losses due to extreme weather events and natural disasters attributed to climate change such as severe flooding, drought, decease and pest attack etc. The responses and reactions of rural farmers to these extreme weather events and natural disasters has suggested that there is a lack knowledge of climate change. This study therefore is aimed at developing strategies that could help enhance the ability of rural farmers to cope and deal with the effects of …

Evaluation Of A Timetabling Software Implemented In Tanzanian Higher Education Context, Anna Kayanda, Lazaro Busagala, Matti Tedre

The African Journal of Information Systems

It is not known whether the combination of two IS system implementation approaches, Design Science Research and eXtreme Programming, can help improve information systems success in the Tanzanian HEI context. To investigate this, this study evaluated a system that was implemented using both approaches. The evaluation used DeLone and McLean’s Information Systems Success Model(D&M) and a mixed research method. The results showed that while neither the system quality nor the information quality influenced the use of the system, service quality and user satisfaction both had an influence on system use (p<0.001). System quality, information quality and service quality, however, were found to have a significant effect on user satisfaction, all three with p<0.001. Furthermore, using the system influenced the perceived net benefits (p<0.001) obtained from using the system. The findings may be helpful to other Tanzanian HEI wishing to implement information systems for their organizations as it shed light on factors that should be considered for a successful implementation. Although the D&M model has been useful on this study, it is limited by its lack of explicit recognition of contextual variables, such as organizational culture, user characteristics, and environmental factors, which can significantly impact system success.

A Case Study Of Makerere University In Uganda, Christina L. Hand

Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education

No abstract provided.