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Articles 69421 - 69450 of 71462
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Users' Trust Perceptions Of Ai Search Results, Leilani J. Cordoves
Users' Trust Perceptions Of Ai Search Results, Leilani J. Cordoves
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Utilizing a repeated measure design, this experiment analyzes users’ perceptions of artificial intelligence embedded within search engines compared to traditional linked search engines in various contextual situations. The purpose of this study is to find the differences in confidence for differing search methods and the variables of trust that lead to these perceived differences. Using screenshots of AI overview search results and linked search results, we asked participants questions of confidence and human-computer trust to gauge their perceptions of the varying search methods. We find evidence of a significant interaction effect in confidence scores between the search method and the …
Anxiety And Adaptive Functioning In Young Adults: The Moderating Role Of Psychological Flexibility, Makenzie L. Kennedy, Jeffrey E. Cassisi
Anxiety And Adaptive Functioning In Young Adults: The Moderating Role Of Psychological Flexibility, Makenzie L. Kennedy, Jeffrey E. Cassisi
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Anxiety is highly prevalent among emerging adults and is associated with impairments in academic, social, and daily functioning. While previous research has documented strong associations between anxiety and adaptive functioning, the present study uniquely tested psychological flexibility as a potential moderator that may foster resilience and adaptive coping.
Undergraduate students (N = 522) from the University of Central Florida completed measures of anxiety (PROMIS-A, GAD-7, STAI-S), adaptive functioning (WHODAS 2.0), and psychological flexibility (COMPACT-23). Confirmatory factor analyses supported distinct but correlated latent constructs of anxiety and adaptive functioning. Due to poor subscale intercorrelations, the COMPACT-23 total score was modeled as …
Environmental Law And Social Mistrust- How The Repeal Of The Chevron Doctrine May Hinder The Epa And More, Rebecca R. Collins
Environmental Law And Social Mistrust- How The Repeal Of The Chevron Doctrine May Hinder The Epa And More, Rebecca R. Collins
Honors Undergraduate Theses
I am specifically studying the effects of a recent Supreme Court decision will have on administrative law and specifically on the EPA. Simply put, the decision is likely going to foster distrust within the EPA and decisions that are made within environmental law, as the shift goes away from scientific experts, but to less educated legal professionals who interpret the laws. In the past, people thought of the initial Chevron decision as incredibly beneficial for scientific matters and for the environment. Chervon was removed recently with another Supreme Court decision that made this idea obsolete, removing professionals from the power …
Generation Z’S Perception Of Skin Cancer And How It Relates To Climate Change, Piercen Bogolea
Generation Z’S Perception Of Skin Cancer And How It Relates To Climate Change, Piercen Bogolea
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and climate change has been identified as a significant contributor. Preventative action early on can help reduce occurrence, but it is unknown if Generation Z is aware of this and is taking the necessary action now to protect themselves. This research aims to gauge the perception of Generation Z on the severity of skin cancer, the relationship between climate change and skin cancer, and the prevalence of preventative measures being taken. A survey was distributed to students aged 18 to 27 enrolled at the University of Central Florida through mixed sampling. The …
3d Printing Of A Solid-State Battery, Maurizio A. Brozzi
3d Printing Of A Solid-State Battery, Maurizio A. Brozzi
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Solid-state battery research has gained significant attention in recent years, as it provides a unique solution for several common issues in conventional Li-ion batteries. Additionally, as additive manufacturing technologies continue to advance, they have the potential to fabricate solid-state batteries with new materials. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of 3D printing of a solid-state battery. By creating an initial PEO-PSF hybrid polymer matrix dissolved in DMSO and adding a lithium salt, the base electrolyte ink was formed. With the addition of conductive additives and active material, electrode inks were also produced. Super P was used …
Developing New Methods For Quantifying Karenia Brevis In Florida Waters, Antonia N. Ferguson
Developing New Methods For Quantifying Karenia Brevis In Florida Waters, Antonia N. Ferguson
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), known as red tides, have long impacted Florida’s coastal ecosystems. Caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, these blooms are named based on the characteristic red discoloration of coastal waters. Negative impacts of K. brevis range from fish kills, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and respiratory irritation in humans. Traditionally, K. brevis monitoring has been conducted weekly by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWC-FWRI) using light microscopy for cell identification and enumeration of collected water samples. However, this method is time-consuming, costly, and relies on deep taxonomic expertise for proper cell …
Genomic Epidemiology Of Staphylococcus Aureus Sequence-Type 97, Eva Armao
Genomic Epidemiology Of Staphylococcus Aureus Sequence-Type 97, Eva Armao
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that colonizes human nasal passages, mucous membranes, or the skin of carriers, with colonization commonly found in 20-30% of healthy people. S. aureus has the potential for two types of infection within human hosts: methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA). These infections can be further classified based on their route of infection, either known as community-associated (CA), healthcare-associated (HA), or healthcare-associated community-onset (HACO). Upon further investigation of infected populations, specific genetic subtypes of S. aureus, known as sequence types (ST), have been identified globally, with some exhibiting increased virulence among …
Uv- Altered Macrophages: Impact Of Uv Radiation On Phagocytic Receptor Expression In M2 Macrophages And Implications For Tissue Repair And Immunosuppression, Hala Hafez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Ultraviolet radiation is an environmental stressor known to suppress immune function in the skin, but its effect on the immunoregulatory M2 phenotype macrophages is poorly studied. This study aims to investigate the impact of UV exposure on key markers of the M2 macrophage, which are critical for tissue repair and immunosuppression. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated and polarized into the M2 phenotype using Phorbol-12 myristate (PMA) and Cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Once differentiation was confirmed, the macrophages were exposed to varying durations of UV radiation. Real Time Quantitative PCR was used to analyze expression changes in phagocytic receptors (CD206, CD163, Arg-1), …
Salinity Effects On Cu(Ii) Bioremediation By Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Microalgae, Jennifer Hughes
Salinity Effects On Cu(Ii) Bioremediation By Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Microalgae, Jennifer Hughes
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Microalgae offer a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment by removing pollutants such as excess nutrients, CO₂, and heavy metals. Among various species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii shows strong potential in removing Cu(II) ions from wastewater. In addition, salinity stress in C. reinhardtii has been linked to morphological and metabolic changes that enhance lipid and phytochemical production. While salinity stress has been studied for enhancing biofuel production, its impact on microalgal removal of heavy metals, particularly Cu(II), remains largely unexplored. Understanding how varying salinity conditions affect both algal growth and the efficiency of Cu(II) remediation could provide critical insights for improving integrated wastewater …
A Systematic Literature Review On The Benefits Of Biofeedback Therapy As A Treatment For Diabetes Mellitus Induced Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy, Amy Krueger
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The objective of this systematic literature review is to examine the research on biofeedback therapy and evaluate its effectiveness in treating chronic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This comprehensive review was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 method of analysis. All studies included at least 10 patients with T1D or T2D and current or past foot ulcers and/or DPN. Each study was also available in their entirety. Studies with fewer than 10 participants, those which examined neuropathy unrelated to diabetes, or those with healthy test populations were excluded. Studies that were only partially available were also not used. The databases used were PubMed, …
Multi-Criteria Gis Suitability Analysis For Sustainable Agricultural Tourism Site Selection In Peru, Jessica J. Mccord
Multi-Criteria Gis Suitability Analysis For Sustainable Agricultural Tourism Site Selection In Peru, Jessica J. Mccord
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Agricultural tourism offers a mechanism to strengthen rural economies while preserving traditional practices and unique cultural identities. In the Peruvian Andes, rural communities confront increasing challenges in the face of a changing climate and reliance on industrialized agriculture. Rural communities attempt to strike a delicate balance between economic development and heritage preservation. This research utilizes a Geographic Information System (GIS)- based analysis to identify areas best positioned for the development of agritourism initiatives. The suitability analysis integrates both local and global sustainability priorities by incorporating a set of defined criteria that together identify areas that are the most appropriate for …
The Yeasty Rise Of Conservatism By Fermenting Sourdough, Sydney M. Mcrae
The Yeasty Rise Of Conservatism By Fermenting Sourdough, Sydney M. Mcrae
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Baking has become increasingly popular in the last five years, particularly baking sourdough bread. This is evident through the rise of social media influencers focusing on trad-wife, family, and sourdough content. Trad wife is the term used to describe a a woman who lives a lifestyle that endorses gender roles, child-rearing, and taking care of the family. There is significant crossover between American social conservative ideals and a trad-wife. The emblem for a tradwife has become baking sourdough since the coronavirus pandemic. Previous research has linked the correlation between American social conservatism and the increasingly popular trad-wife phenomenon. Existing literature …
The Role Of Social Media And Acculturation In Body Comparison, Body Dissatisfaction, And Eating Pathology Among Hispanic And Latinx Individuals, Mariana Ortega
The Role Of Social Media And Acculturation In Body Comparison, Body Dissatisfaction, And Eating Pathology Among Hispanic And Latinx Individuals, Mariana Ortega
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Eating disorders are a group of mental health conditions that are characterized by complex etiologies. The development of eating disorders varies across each individual and their personal background. The current study examined the relationship between levels of acculturation and daily social media use on the presence of body comparison, body dissatisfaction, and eating pathology in Hispanic and Latinx individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate how these factors may lead to a unique etiology of disordered eating, specific to this ethnic group. The current study consisted of two phases. The first phase determined participant eligibility by confirming ethnic …
The Loneliest Number: Implications For Using Single-Item Measures In Regression Analysis, Juliana Reis
The Loneliest Number: Implications For Using Single-Item Measures In Regression Analysis, Juliana Reis
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The current study examines the use of single-item measures to assess constructs used by occupational stress researchers. Surveys are fundamental tools for I/O Psychologist practitioners, and multiple-item measures are commonly used to fulfill that purpose. However, long surveys may offer challenges to both administrators and respondents. As an effort to mitigate those challenges, single-item measures have been receiving recognition as a promising alternative to the current psychometric measures due to their benefits, such as reduced cost and higher face validity. We will discuss the previous studies on single-item measures and why it’s relevant to explore its potential by performing a …
Entangled Photoelectron Attosecond Spectroscopy, Jonathan Sar-Shalom
Entangled Photoelectron Attosecond Spectroscopy, Jonathan Sar-Shalom
Honors Undergraduate Theses
In this thesis we propose an interferometric scheme to retrieve the dynamics of an electron wave packet emitted from two distinct residual photo-ion channels in the ionization of an atom by an ultra-short UV pulse. EPAS (Entangled-Photoelectron Attosecond Spectroscopy) works by having a non-overlapping UV and few-cycle IR pulse, where the IR is tuned near the transition frequency between two electronic bound states of the photo-ion. Using a time-dependent simulation based on a two-channel atomic model, supported by a perturbative approach, we were able to compute the resulting interference in the angular distribution of the photoelectron and retrieve the energy-dependent …
Toward Inclusive Care: Enhancing Lgbtq+ Adolescents’ Experiences In Primary Care, Rutwa Shah
Toward Inclusive Care: Enhancing Lgbtq+ Adolescents’ Experiences In Primary Care, Rutwa Shah
Honors Undergraduate Theses
LGBTQ+ adolescents face significant inequities in healthcare access and health outcomes, yet little is known about how they engage with routine pediatric care, where parental presence and clinician dynamics often influence their ability to access affirming services. While prior research has emphasized the importance of inclusive environments and clinician communication, few studies center the voices of LGBTQ+ youth in clinical settings. This study explored how LGBTQ+ adolescents manage sexual/gender identity disclosure, trust, and communication with primary care clinicians. This study draws on data from The VIBES Study: Viewpoints on Improving Bonds Between Health Experts and Sexual and Gender Minority Youth. …
Exploring Winnie-The-Pooh For Florida's Resiliency Standards And Social-Emotional Learning Dimensions To Create Literature-Based Activities For The Primary Classroom, Madison R. Simonds
Exploring Winnie-The-Pooh For Florida's Resiliency Standards And Social-Emotional Learning Dimensions To Create Literature-Based Activities For The Primary Classroom, Madison R. Simonds
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The intent of this thesis is to examine the intersections between the Florida Resiliency Standards and the social-emotional dimensions established by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), as reflected in A. A. Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh. Through an analysis of key traits within the text, this study explores how children’s literature can serve as an effective tool for fostering social-emotional learning in the primary classroom. By integrating SEL principles with literary instruction, educators can strengthen students’ emotional awareness, interpersonal skills, and resilience. Additionally, this thesis presents a series of instructional activities designed to support teachers in incorporating Winnie …
Identification Of Fiducial Points In Seismocardiographic Cycles Using Manual And Automated Annotation Methods, Jasmine-Vy T. Truong
Identification Of Fiducial Points In Seismocardiographic Cycles Using Manual And Automated Annotation Methods, Jasmine-Vy T. Truong
Honors Undergraduate Theses
There is currently a need for complementary methods for non-invasive cardiac monitoring. Seismocardiography (SCG), the measurement of cardiac-induced vibrations at the chest surface, has shown potential clinical utility. Improving the reliability of detecting fiducial points of electrocardiography (ECG) and SCG, which collectively capture the electro-mechanical cardiac activities, could expand ECG/SCG utility as a low-cost, accessible tool for clinical assessment. This study identifies commonly accepted criteria for fiducial point detection in SCG and ECG through an extensive literature review and signal processing techniques. The previous criteria were evaluated to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Based on the findings, an improved set …
Apocalyptic Technical Communication From Clockface To Briefcase: Revealing The Spurious Coin Of Nuclear-Security Rhetoric, Ryan Cheek
English and Technical Communication Faculty Research & Creative Works
This article the Doomsday Clock and the Nuclear Football as interconnected technical communication artifacts that function as two sides of a "spurious coin" in the securitization of nuclear deterrence. While the Clock externalizes existential risk through apocalyptic rhetoric, the Football internalizes it within exclusive military command structures—together legitimizing perpetual nuclear crisis. Drawing on technical communication scholarship and critical security studies, the analysis argues that both artifacts sustain nuclearist ideology by reinforcing deterrence as common sense. The Clock's ominous countdown and the Football's ever-present launch capability are mutually validating and together normalize nuclear brinkmanship as the price of global security.
Design And Implementation Of A Nursing Peer Practice Case Review Program In An Academic Surgical/Trauma Icu, Natalie Tredway
Design And Implementation Of A Nursing Peer Practice Case Review Program In An Academic Surgical/Trauma Icu, Natalie Tredway
DNP Scholarly Projects
Background: Peer review has been in use in healthcare for many years, primary by physicians. Recently, however, nursing has adopted a framework for peer review within the profession. According to the American Nurses Association (admin, 2011), organizations are required to maintain a systematic peer review process aimed at evaluating nursing care and nursing care providers to obtain/maintain Magnet designation. According to Foster (2015) nursing peer review (NPR) is “process by which practicing registered nurses systematically assess, monitor, and make judgments about the quality of nursing care provided by peers as measured against professional standards of practice”. The focus is on …
Optimizing Electronic Health Record Capability To Provide Mindfulness Education To Oncology Patients Experiencing Anxiety, Cynthia Arcieri
Optimizing Electronic Health Record Capability To Provide Mindfulness Education To Oncology Patients Experiencing Anxiety, Cynthia Arcieri
DNP Scholarly Projects
Background: The impact of a cancer diagnosis is significant. In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported over 1.6 million new cases of cancer (National Institutes of Health, 2023). Non-traditional approaches to supporting patients should be considered in providing high-quality cancer care. Mindfulness can help reduce stress reactions and may be beneficial for individuals with anxiety (Vinci et al., 2019). To best support patient care in the landscape of mobile health (mHeatlh) technology, it is essential to adopt best practices that promote patient engagement and empowerment.
Purpose: This quality improvement project aimed to provide oncology patients with a cognitive …
Development Of An Educational Toolkit For Washington State Nursing Professionals Regarding Climate-Related Impacts On Health, Margaret "Maggie" Pinson
Development Of An Educational Toolkit For Washington State Nursing Professionals Regarding Climate-Related Impacts On Health, Margaret "Maggie" Pinson
DNP Scholarly Projects
BACKGROUND: Most healthcare professionals (HCPs) know that climate change poses a serious threat to human health, but few physicians and nurses actually discuss climate-related impacts on health with their patients. This knowledge-practice gap poses a risk to patient safety.
PROBLEM: Patients who are unaware of environmental threats to health may develop new illnesses, experience unnecessary exacerbations of underlying health problems and may die.
METHODS: A quality improvement intervention that addressed the educational needs of HCPs as described in the literature was developed and hosted on an online survey platform.
INTERVENTION: Preintervention survey questions captured baseline attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge. The …
A Quality Improvement Project To Enhance Chronic-Condition And Self-Care Knowledge In Adolescents With Spina Bifida, Ann Paris
DNP Scholarly Projects
Background: Spina Bifida is the most common central nervous system disorder in the United States (CDC, 2024). Even with early surgical repair, patients may have chronic, disabling, multisystem needs (Phillips et al., 2017). Adequate care of Spina Bifida requires a multidisciplinary approach. As such, patients with spina bifida require multiple specialty providers, clinic appointments, care-tasks, and interventions (CDC, 2024, Phillips, et al., 2017). Synthesizing information from multiple care providers can be daunting, especially for adolescents as they grow more autonomous in their care, and especially as they enter the age of pediatric-to-adult transition (Psihogios et al., 2015).
Purpose: …
Effective Measurement-Based Care For Depression Within Va Health Systems: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Amie L. Doyle
Effective Measurement-Based Care For Depression Within Va Health Systems: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Amie L. Doyle
DNP Scholarly Projects
Background: Depression is highly common among U.S. veterans, surpassing civilian rates. Measurement-Based Care (MBC), including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), facilitates systematic symptom monitoring and treatment enhancement. At Manchester VA Medical Center (VAMC), PHQ-9 completion in primary care was low (18.93% in May 2025) due to workflow inefficiencies, provider workload, and dependence on Mental Health Service Line (MHSL) referrals.
Local Problem: Underutilization of the PHQ-9 in primary care hampers early detection and effective treatment of depression among veterans.
Methods: Four primary care teams received training on using the Behavioral Health Laboratory (BHL) software, which facilitates pre-visit electronic completion of the …
Implementation Of A Standardized Educational Training Series For Anaphylaxis Recognition And Epi-Pen Administration To Non-Licensed Personnel In A School Setting, Katherine T. Darak
Implementation Of A Standardized Educational Training Series For Anaphylaxis Recognition And Epi-Pen Administration To Non-Licensed Personnel In A School Setting, Katherine T. Darak
DNP Scholarly Projects
Background: Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires early recognition and administration of intramuscular epinephrine. In the elementary school setting, non-licensed personnel are often the first staff to identify this, making training and preparedness essential. This quality improvement project aims to enhance school personnel knowledge, confidence, and competence in recognizing and managing anaphylaxis through a standardized educational training series.
Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project aimed to increase the knowledge, confidence, and competence of non-licensed personnel in managing and responding to anaphylaxis in the school setting. Participants accessed the educational module and hands-on training interventions …
Implementation Of Outpatient Cervical Ripening In The Community Hospital Setting: A Quality Improvement Process, April St Hilaire
Implementation Of Outpatient Cervical Ripening In The Community Hospital Setting: A Quality Improvement Process, April St Hilaire
DNP Scholarly Projects
Background: Cervical ripening is a critical component of labor induction. Outpatient cervical ripening using mechanical dilators offers a safe patient- centered alternative to inpatient management, with potential benefits in efficiency and patient satisfaction and cost savings.
Local Problem: At a community hospital setting with increasing induction rates, prolonged admission-to-delivery times and prolonged patient stays were observed in patients undergoing inpatient cervical ripening, prompting a need for more efficient, patient centered approaches.
Methods: Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) framework, an outpatient cervical ripening protocol was implemented over a 15-week period to compare inpatient versus outpatient cervical ripening using mechanical …
Co-Designing An International Nursing Course On Workplace Violence In Ethiopia, Sweden, And Tanzania: A Collective Autoethnography, Martin Salzmann-Erikson, Elisabet Eriksson, Tilahun Saol Tura, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Loveluck Mwasha, Malin Jordal
Co-Designing An International Nursing Course On Workplace Violence In Ethiopia, Sweden, And Tanzania: A Collective Autoethnography, Martin Salzmann-Erikson, Elisabet Eriksson, Tilahun Saol Tura, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Loveluck Mwasha, Malin Jordal
School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa
This study explores whether and how the co-creation of an international university course on workplace violence served as a site of transformative learning for us as nursing educators across Sweden, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. Using collaborative autoethnography, our team of six faculty members critically reflected on pedagogical assumptions, educator identities, and experiences of cross-cultural collaboration. The data comprised written reflections, meeting transcripts, and observational notes. Through this process, our pedagogical approaches and professional identities were reshaped, shifting from content deliverers to reflective co-learners within the cross-cultural partnership. Our analysis highlights the interplay of cultural negotiation, logistical frictions, and unspoken yet influential …
Using Shared Governance To Improve Oral Care Documentation In The Inpatient Setting, Angela G. Arseneau
Using Shared Governance To Improve Oral Care Documentation In The Inpatient Setting, Angela G. Arseneau
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Practice Innovation Projects
Background: The concept of shared governance in nursing encompasses shared decision-making between leaders and bedside nurses, which includes areas of evidencebased practice projects and nursing research. Using shared governance as a way of implementing desired change can positively impact patient outcomes.
Local Problem: The inpatient med-surg unit at a small rural hospital was below the facility’s threshold for the documentation of oral care. Current standards require oral care to be performed and documented two times during a 24-hour period for each admitted patient 90% of the time. The unit currently documents oral care at a rate of 35%.
Methods: …
Supporting Human-Ai Interaction From User Expectations To Mental Models, Harishankar Vasudevanallur Subramanian
Supporting Human-Ai Interaction From User Expectations To Mental Models, Harishankar Vasudevanallur Subramanian
Doctoral Dissertations
Explainable AI (XAI) aims to unravel the "black box" nature of AI systems and provide insights into the inner workings that lead to a prediction. However, the best XAI communication varies depending on the individual, task, and broader context. It is challenging to anticipate the best XAI for a particular use case. One strategy is for users to build an appropriate mental model of AI with both prediction and system level XAI. To date, little research has focused on quantitatively measuring users interacting with system-level XAI. This dissertation has three primary contributions. The first contribution is a scoping review paper …
Spin Mechanisms In Gd-Doped Gan Implanted With Oxygen Carbon At Room Temperature, Vishal Saravade, Amirhossein Ghods, Chuanle Zhou, Ian Ferguson
Spin Mechanisms In Gd-Doped Gan Implanted With Oxygen Carbon At Room Temperature, Vishal Saravade, Amirhossein Ghods, Chuanle Zhou, Ian Ferguson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Gadolinium-doped gallium nitride implanted with oxygen and carbon show carrier-mediated spin mechanisms at room temperature. As-grown Gd-doped GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using a tris(cyclopentadienyl) gadolinium precursor shows Ordinary Hall Effect and no ferromagnetism at room temperature. Upon O or C implantation in Gd-doped GaN, Anomalous Hall Effect that is indicative of carrier-mediated spin and ferromagnetism is observed. A good crystal quality is maintained even after implantation. O and C favor interstitial sites and occupy deep-level acceptor-type states in Gd-doped GaN. Room-temperature spin and ferromagnetism that is induced by gadolinium in Gd-doped GaN is activated by O and …