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An Examination Of The Role Of Recreational Therapy In Forensic And Correctional Settings, Sarah R. Fischer

All Dissertations

The estimated prevalence of adults, age 18 and older, with serious mental illness (SMI) in the United States is approximately 6% (NIMH, 2022a). Having a mental illness places individuals at higher risk for arrest and incarceration (NAMI, n.d.b) where they receive treatment, including recreational therapy (RT) in state hospitals, jails or prisons. The purpose of this multi-method study was to gain a better understanding of the role of RT in treating adults with SMI in forensic and correctional settings. A non-standardized 122-item cross-sectional survey (n=49) was used to identify what interventions recreational therapists are using, for what intended outcomes; and …

Demographic Groups’ Use Of Agency Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv) Services: A Quality Improvement Project To Identify And Engage Local Underserved Populations, Mia Parker

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

This quality improvement project intended to identify populations of adult intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors in Spokane County, Washington, by race/ethnicity and sex who are underserved by a local victim service agency and provide action-oriented, evidence-informed recommendations that the agency may utilize to increase engagement with these local underserved populations. Methods used include secondary data analysis, timeline creation, literature review, and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. This was a capstone project designed to demonstrate multiple public health competencies.

Barriers To Medication-Assisted Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder In Prisons And Jails In The United States: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Amy C. Smith

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Background: The American Society for Addiction Medicine guidelines state that all FDA-approved medication for opioid use disorder should be available for all patients (CDC, 2024). Medication-assisted treatments for opioid use disorders, also known as medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), are treatments that help diminish the physical symptoms of addiction to opioids. Currently, there are three FDA-approved medications to treat opioid use disorder: buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone (FDA, 2024). Despite being at an increased risk for opioid misuse and overdose, incarcerated individuals in the U.S. often do not have access to MOUD. This comprehensive literature review aimed to determine the …

Winning The Battle, Losing The War: Rahimi, Women, And The Supreme Court, Dana Raigrodski

Articles

Domestic violence and DV-related firearm use are a grave and persistent issue in the United States and have an extensive harmful and deadly impact in the lives of many women. In its 2024 Rahimi decision, the United States Supreme Court held that, as applied to the facts of the case, 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), which bans firearms possession by those subject to a DV protective order, is facially constitutional under the Second Amendment. The Court upheld § 922(g)(8) under Bruen’s “Nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulations” test, finding that founding era laws included provisions preventing individuals who threaten physical harm …

The Kids Aren’T Alright: Changes In The Mental Health Of Adolescents Post-Covid-19, Tanya Belom

Education (PhD) Dissertations

Mental health is an increasing concern for today’s youth, with one in six U.S. children and adolescents aged 6-17 experiencing a mental health disorder each year, and 50% of all lifetime mental illnesses begin by age 14. The COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in lockdowns, social isolation, school closures, and ultimately a disruption in everyday life, is believed to have adversely impacted the mental health of children and adolescents. There is limited research available on the impacts of the pandemic on adults, and even less research is available on the impact of the pandemic on youth, specifically as we navigate the …

Investigation Into The Microbiome Of Blow Fly Eggs Using Microseqtm Id, Samantha S. Davis, Drusilla Sheridan, Jennifer Rosati

Undergraduate Research

There is little published research characterizing the microbiome associated with blow fly eggs and how they may affect the colonization behaviors of certain blow fly species. Once deposited, blow fly eggs are rapidly introduced to a diverse range of microorganisms, which can vary depending on the species of blow fly, the environment, and the decomposition stage of the substrate (Junqueira et al., 2017). Since blow flies are among the first insects to colonize decomposing remains, the microbial communities present on their eggs could serve as key indicators of the decomposition stage at the time of egg-laying, thus providing a potential …

Comparative Analysis Of Legal Systems: Unraveling The Key Distinctions Between The United States And Spain, Lucy Vanover

Finance Undergraduate Honors Theses

This paper explores the key differences between self-defense laws in the United States and Spain, two countries with distinct legal frameworks. In the U.S., self-defense is governed by a variety of laws that discuss the scope of reasonable force and apply this framework on the basis of precedent. In contrast, Spain, under the Civil Code, applies a more unified approach to self- defense.

Closer To Heart–A Proposal To Reduce Police Involvement In Involuntary Commitment In North Carolina, Daniel Stainkamp

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Defendant Race And Race Salience On Jury Verdicts, Emerson Allen

Senior Honors Theses

Researchers have reported conflicting findings about whether mock jurors are more, less, or equally likely to convict Black defendants in mock trials as compared to White defendants. Likewise, past studies have led researchers to disagree on the effect of race salience at trial on verdicts. I therefore examined whether Black defendants were convicted more often than White defendants, as well as whether making race salient in the defense closing argument would reduce guilty verdicts. I randomly assigned 207 participants to read one of four abbreviated trial transcripts in which defendant race (Black, White) and race salience (present, absent) were manipulated …

Breaking The Chains: Challenging Antiblackness In Social Work Education And Practice: A Qualitative Study, Brandon Rothschild

PhD of Social Work

This dissertation critically examines the pervasive effects of anti-Blackness within social work education, focusing on how these experiences influence the development of Black identity among social work faculty. Situated within a historical context of systemic exclusion, marginalization, and racial discrimination, the study investigates the strategies employed by Black social work educators to navigate and construct their professional identities. The central research question explores how anti-Blackness within social work members. The study's findings are organized into five key themes: recognition of systemic racism, challenging dominant narratives, amplifying counter-narratives, intersectionality and complex identities, and advocacy for systemic change. These themes highlight the …

Those That Guard The Abyss: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Corrections Culture And Correctional Staff Suicide, Kristi Greenberg

Doctoral Works at the University of New Haven

Correction officer suicide is an understudied, yet frightening problem. The culture of silence and machismo acts as a barrier to those struggling to cope with not only the demands of the job, but the distance and challenges it forces upon officers’ personal lives. The correctional field and its unique challenges are not understood by the public. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, this study sought to understand the prevalence of correction officer suicide by examining data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), which resulted in the analysis of suicides from 2018-2020 in the United States (N = 103,187). …

Does 9/11 Still Act As A Motivator For Individuals Entering The Criminal Justice And National Security Fields?, Ashleigh Lane

Master's Theses

The terror attacks on September 11, 2001 changed the world in an instant, leaving lasting effects on the United States and the international community. This thesis investigates whether the 9/11 attacks continue to serve as a motivating factor for individuals pursuing careers in the Criminal Justice and National Security fields, despite the passage of more than two decades since the event.

This study utilizes secondary research analysis to examine data from empirical studies conducted between 2006 and 2022, with a particular emphasis on students enrolled in Criminal Justice programs at institutions of higher education. Key variables explored include personal victimization, …

Evaluating Leatherback Turtle Conservation Using The Iucn Red List, Hannah Mcguiness-Piasecki

Theses

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is a key resource for assessing species extinction risks and serves as a framework for global conservation planning. This study focused on the Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), a species currently classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, evaluating the conservation policies and measures implemented by selected English-speaking countries. The study employed a policy analysis approach, reviewing national and international treaties relevant to leatherback conservation. The findings revealed that while many countries align their policies with global treaties, some gaps remain, particularly in addressing threats to adult leatherbacks …

The Identity Of “I’M Sorry”: Perceptions Of Apologies In False Confessions And The Influence Of Suspect Gender, Frances Anna Storgion

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Apologies serve as a mediator between victims and wrongdoers to promote forgiveness and enhance moral perceptions, while ostensibly reinforcing the guilt of the offender. These effects are further tempered by the gender of the apologizer. Paradoxically, content analyses show that apologies are not uncommon in false confessions and may reinforce false judgements of guilt. The current experiment aimed to elucidate the role that suspect gender and gender stereotypes of apologies play in shaping observer perceptions of coercion and guilt within confession contexts. This experiment conformed to a 2 (suspect gender: woman vs. man) x 3 (gender expectations of the apology: …

Examining The Impact Of Expert Testimony And/Or Mindfulness Training On Jurors’ Appraisals Of False Confessions, Izabela Rzaca

Student Theses

False confessions continue to be the leading cause of wrongful convictions in the United States, often because of coercive interrogation tactics (Kassin, 2008; Leo & Ofshe, 1998). Jurors frequently view confession evidence as highly persuasive, even when situations suggest it may be false (Kassin & Sukel, 1997). A confession becomes important when there are no other forms of evidence against the defendant, especially in cases where police detectives are pressured to decipher the crime (Gross, 2004). Additionally, confessions have shown to override other types of evidence when jurors make their decisions (Leo et al., 2013). To address this issue, the …

Book Review: Midnight Cry: A Shooting On Sand Mountain, Ann Fuller

Georgia Library Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Perpetrator Nationality And Prescribed Punitiveness: The Effect Of Moral Disgust, Phoebe Fanning, Scott Eidelman, Emily Vance

Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Does perpetrator nationality impact prescribed punitiveness, and is this relationship explained by moral disgust? White American participants (N = 243) read a fake news article about a physical assault. Perpetrator nationality was manipulated by indicating that the offender was an American citizen or in the U.S. illegally. Then, participants completed measures on prescribed punitiveness (e.g., minimum sentence for the offender), their emotional reactions toward the offender (e.g., disgusted), as well as exploratory items on patriotism, nationalism, identification with the U.S., and belief in a dangerous world. I predicted that participants in the illegal immigrant perpetrator condition would exhibit more …

Founders' Day And Honors Convocation Exercises - May 2025, Prairie View A&M University

Commencement and Convocation Exercises

No abstract provided.

Extralegal Factors Influencing Judicial Perceptions Of Defendants With Mental Illness, Hailey Erdbruegger

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The United States has one of the highest prison populations in the world. This means millions of individuals are either incarcerated or under other forms of supervision by the criminal justice system at any one given time. All those millions of individuals had to move through the U.S. criminal courts and thus engage with multiple forms of courtroom participants along the way. Of those millions coming through the system, many have either been diagnosed with a mental illness, or have self-reported having a mental illness. This makes the personal beliefs, stigmas, and biases of the previously mentioned courtroom participants regarding …

Juror Decision-Making In Context, Kassandra Jovellanos

Criminal Justice

The United States criminal justice system was designed to be one of fairness, where everyone is equal in the eyes of the law. However, that does not seem to be case, and one instance of this is how a defendant’s gender identity influences juror decision. Much literature exists on juror reaction to the cisgender binary, yet there is a gap in research on how juries react to transgender defendants and how pretrial media exposure interacts with this effect. This study aims to answer this question, as well as look into the interaction of pretrial publicity on juror decision when still …

Perceptions Of Power And Consent: The Role Of Gender, Race, And Sexual Orientation In Assessments Of Victimhood In High School Student-Teacher Relationships, India Campbell

Honors Theses

Sexual abuse, in all of its many forms, has been a controversial topic for centuries. This project looks at a specific subset of sexual abuse: high school student-teacher assaults. Victims of sexual abuse often face barriers to justice. This project addresses several demographic barriers. Research has shown that people of color and members of the queer community are typically reluctant to report due to police and societal perceptions of these groups. Teenagers face additional challenges, such as not know how their peers, parents, school, or community will react. Additionally, their abuser is an authority figure, meaning that these victims could …

Challenging Behavior In Inclusive Postsecondary Education Programs, Samantha J. Nercesian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

Inclusive postsecondary education programs – higher education programs that are specifically designed for individuals with intellectual disabilities – have grown exponentially in the last 10 years. With this growth has come the emergence of several barriers to inclusive postsecondary education admission and completion. Given the relatively short time inclusive postsecondary education programs have existed, only a small amount of research has looked into barriers that prevent graduation from inclusive postsecondary education programs. One barrier in particular has received little to no attention from researchers – challenging behavior. Challenging behavior is a construct that includes socially inappropriate behaviors, which may harm …

Understand The Power Of Resilient Adult Survivors Of Childhood Neglect, Sheena Smith

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of adults from New York (NY) and New Jersey (NJ) who have overcome adverse childhood experiences and describe their experiences in becoming resilient. Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to various health disparities, including depression, anxiety, substance misuse, and physical health concerns. However, limited research focuses specifically on resilience among survivors of childhood neglect and adversity. The study investigated the subjective experiences of adults residing in New York and New Jersey who have experienced high levels of ACEs, including neglect and abandonment. The study answered the following …

An Investigation Of Mental Well-Being Of Black Men: Perceived Discrimination, Depression, Social Support, And Marital Satisfaction, D'Anthony Teon Harris

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Black Americans have long endured significant psychological distress due to racism and discrimination. Yet, limited research has examined how these stressors impact the mental health of Black males in the context of marital relationships. This study investigated the effect of perceived discrimination on depression in married African American men, examining whether marital satisfaction mediated this relationship and whether social support moderated it. Rooted in the historical legacy of systemic racism and modern forms of aversive discrimination, the study aimed to fill a gap in the literature concerning the intersection of race, gender, and mental well-being. Utilizing a diverse and well-educated …

Emerging Black Male Adults' Lived Experiences With Racial Microaggressions And Social Media, Ian L. Griffin Sr.

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Racial microaggressions on social media take a serious psychological toll on emerging Black male adults (EBMAs), leading to heightened stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Despite increasing awareness of these issues, research has yet to fully examine how religious involvement buffers the mental health effects of digital racial adversity. This study examined how EBMAs experience social media racial microaggressions, the impact of these encounters on their mental health, and whether engagement in religious activities helps reduce psychological distress. This research adopted a qualitative phenomenological design, integrating interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and thematic analysis to understand these experiences through microaggression theory …

The Implementation Process Of The Norway Model In U.S. Prisons: A Qualitative Study, Kaitlin M. Armstrong

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this grounding theory method will be to develop the best correctional practices for implementing the Norway Model of prison reform in U.S. prisons. The data gathered from participating facilities in the U.S. that have already attempted this method of reform will help identify the best strategic planning methods for future facilities to use. The theory guiding this study is based on the grounding theory method, developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, and will allow for the conceptualization of the data collected to be used in predicting the best future methods of implementation, specifically for correctional …

A Phenomenological Look At Licensed Professionals' Perceptions And Lived Experiences Of Parental Alienation In The Family Court System, Jacqueline Ziebart

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Parental alienation (PA) frequently emerges in high-conflict child custody disputes and is commonly understood as one parent encouraging a child to unjustifiably reject the other parent. The behaviors associated with PA encompass a complex form of family violence, incorporating elements of both intimate partner violence and child psychological abuse. As a polarizing and multifaceted social issue, PA necessitates further dialogue and interdisciplinary collaboration among professionals. This qualitative research study explored licensed professionals’ perceptions and lived experiences of PA in the family court system. The research aimed to investigate the meaning professionals attributed to PA across individual, family, and institutional levels. …

Educated And Unemployed: A Case Study To Understand The Challenges Formerly Incarcerated Individuals Face After Release, Joyce Blackmon

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative intrinsic case study was to understand the phenomenon of formerly incarcerated individuals who have received a postsecondary degree while incarcerated, yet were unable to obtain employment that was commensurate to the degree earned. Sixteen participants in the United States were recruited for this study. Formerly incarcerated individuals and prospective employers gave insight and examined why formerly incarcerated individuals have an enormous number of issues obtaining employment after reintegration. The Tadros theory of change provided a theoretical lens for this inquiry and gave understanding of the changes that the formerly incarcerated needed while incarcerated to accomplish …

Ideological Testing, Renagh O’Leary

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Decline Of Corum Claims: How Washington V. Cline Limited Constitutional Protection For State Infringement Of The Speedy Trial Right, Mary Anneliese Childs

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.