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Articles 88951 - 88971 of 88971
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
“This Is Everyone's Issue”: Policy Entrepreneurs, Issue Framing, And Coalition Building In The Passage Of Automatic Criminal Record Expungement, Elsa Y. Chen, Sarah E. Lageson, Ericka B. Adams
“This Is Everyone's Issue”: Policy Entrepreneurs, Issue Framing, And Coalition Building In The Passage Of Automatic Criminal Record Expungement, Elsa Y. Chen, Sarah E. Lageson, Ericka B. Adams
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Research Summary: Since 2018, at least 12 U.S. states have introduced policies to expunge certain eligible arrest and criminal conviction records through automated or algorithmic means. Drawing on interviews with governmental representatives and community stakeholders, this paper identifies strategies used to pass this legislation in Pennsylvania and Utah, the first two states to enact automated expungement policies. We frame our findings around three established theoretical frameworks of public policy making—policy entrepreneurship, issue framing, and coalition building—illustrating their combined strategic importance with data gathered from those involved on the ground in the passage and adoption of automated expungement legislation. The findings …
Self-Disclosure And Social Support In A Web-Based Opioid Recovery Community: Machine Learning Analysis, Yu Chi, Huai Yu Chen, Khushboo Thaker
Self-Disclosure And Social Support In A Web-Based Opioid Recovery Community: Machine Learning Analysis, Yu Chi, Huai Yu Chen, Khushboo Thaker
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Background: The opioid crisis remains a critical public health challenge, with opioid use disorder (OUD) imposing significant societal and health care burdens. Web-based communities, such as the Reddit community r/OpiatesRecovery, provide an anonymous and accessible platform for individuals in recovery. Despite the increasing use of Reddit for substance use research, limited studies have explored the content and interactions of self-disclosure and social support within these communities. Objective: This study aims to address the following research questions: (1) What content do users disclose in the community?; (2) What types of social support do users receive?; and (3) How does the content …
Design And Integration Of A Multisensory Board For Real-Time Monitoring Of Metal Casting Foundry Sand Molds, Nathaniel Addo
Design And Integration Of A Multisensory Board For Real-Time Monitoring Of Metal Casting Foundry Sand Molds, Nathaniel Addo
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
No abstract provided.
Exploration Of The Effects Of Tai Chi Practice On Lower Limb Corticomuscular Coherence During Balance-Demanding Virtual Reality Conditions In Older Adults, Yang Hu, Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler, Manuel E. Hernandez
Exploration Of The Effects Of Tai Chi Practice On Lower Limb Corticomuscular Coherence During Balance-Demanding Virtual Reality Conditions In Older Adults, Yang Hu, Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler, Manuel E. Hernandez
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Tai Chi practice has been widely adopted to improve balance and prevent falls in older adults. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the benefits of Tai Chi are difficult to evaluate during traditional balance assessments. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi and healthy aging on corticomuscular coherence (CMC) while standing in virtual balance-demanding environments. We recorded neural, muscular, and behavioral data in an immersive virtual reality environment while implementing sensory and mechanical perturbations to introduce high postural threats. Through the acquisition of electroencephalography and electromyography signals, we examined β and γ CMC changes in …
Impact Of Sensory Organization Tasks On Prefrontal Cortex Activity In Older Women: A Comparative Fnirs Study Of Osteoarthritis And Healthy Aging, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez
Impact Of Sensory Organization Tasks On Prefrontal Cortex Activity In Older Women: A Comparative Fnirs Study Of Osteoarthritis And Healthy Aging, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent musculoskeletal condition, is associated with an increased risk of falls. Maintaining posture relies on visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs, but these systems can be compromised due to aging or disease, heightening fall risk. Such impairments may result from neuromuscular decline and reduced cognitive or visuospatial processing abilities. This study aimed to investigate prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation patterns during clinical sensory organization tasks (SOT) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in older women with OA and healthy controls (HOA). We hypothesized that PFC activation would increase as SOT conditions became more challenging, but that increases would be …
Temporal Patterns Of The Introduced Sponge Hymeniacidon Perlevis (Montagu, 1814) In The Elkhorn Slough, California, Usa, Jackson T. Hoeke, Kerstin Wasson, Amanda S. Kahn
Temporal Patterns Of The Introduced Sponge Hymeniacidon Perlevis (Montagu, 1814) In The Elkhorn Slough, California, Usa, Jackson T. Hoeke, Kerstin Wasson, Amanda S. Kahn
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Hymeniacidon perlevis is a cosmopolitan sponge with a seasonal life cycle. We investigated seasonal and interannual dynamics of H. perlevis in Elkhorn Slough estuary, where it is an introduced species, and explored correlations between sponge cover and environmental conditions. We used sponge cover to estimate the potential effects of H. perlevis on its environment, and how those could vary across its seasonal life cycle. We found that recruitment is currently restricted to the upper estuary and while it varies annually, the frequency and density of sponge recruits have generally increased from 2007 to 2023. A seasonal life cycle was confirmed …
Generating Synthetic Malware Samples Using Generative Ai, Tiffany Bao, Kylie Trousil, Quang Duy Tran, Fabio Di Troia, Younghee Park
Generating Synthetic Malware Samples Using Generative Ai, Tiffany Bao, Kylie Trousil, Quang Duy Tran, Fabio Di Troia, Younghee Park
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Malware attacks have a significant negative impact on organizations of varied scales in the field of cybersecurity. Recently, malware researchers have increasingly turned to machine learning techniques to combat sophisticated obfuscation methods used in malware. However, collecting a diverse set of malware samples with various obfuscation techniques is challenging and often takes years, especially for newly developed malware. This issue is further compounded by a well-known limitation of machine learning models: their poor performance when training data is scarce. In this paper, we propose a new system for generating synthetic malware samples to augment imbalanced malware dataset. Our approach decomposes …
Learning About The Transit Passenger Experience From Microblogging Posts, Egbe Etu Etu, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Jordan Larot, Chaitanya Tatipigari, Imokhai Theophilus Tenebe
Learning About The Transit Passenger Experience From Microblogging Posts, Egbe Etu Etu, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Jordan Larot, Chaitanya Tatipigari, Imokhai Theophilus Tenebe
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Transit agencies often track delays and malfunctions but may overlook riders’ real-time social experiences. To fill this gap, we analyzed 559 tweets from 2020 to 2023 that captured personal accounts of public transport use. Using thematic analysis, we found that 74% of posts criticized other passengers’ behavior, far outweighing comments on transit ride quality, such as complaints about delays (25%). Notably, 86% of tweets expressed negative sentiment, though some highlighted exceptional service. These findings demonstrate that interpersonal dynamics are a key contributor to riders’ experiences and illustrate the nature of the interactions that riders like and dislike.
Can Whistleblowing Improve Organizational Effectiveness? Evidence From Financial Reporting Misconduct, Hong Kim Duong, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Emmanuel Sequeira, Zuobao Wei
Can Whistleblowing Improve Organizational Effectiveness? Evidence From Financial Reporting Misconduct, Hong Kim Duong, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Emmanuel Sequeira, Zuobao Wei
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Background: While whistleblowing (WB) has attracted growing research interest in recent years, several critical WB-related issues remain underexplored. Purpose: This study examines the impact of external WB allegations on a firm’s organizational capital (OC). Such allegations often indicate management’s failure to address employee concerns internally, spotlighting potential deficiencies in internal reporting systems, employee communication, training, and trust in organizational fairness. To mitigate reputational damage, restore employee trust, and prevent future incidents, we posit that WB firms respond by increasing OC investment. Research Design: We employ a difference-in-differences approach, comparing OC changes in WB-targeted firms with those in a propensity score-matched …
Evaluating Seasonal Vs. Spatial Extrapolation For Cetacean Distribution Models In The California Current, Elizabeth A. Becker, Karin A. Forney, Bruce J. Thayre, Katherine Whitaker, Ryan Hoopes, Joshua M. Jones, John A. Hildebrand, Jeff Moore
Evaluating Seasonal Vs. Spatial Extrapolation For Cetacean Distribution Models In The California Current, Elizabeth A. Becker, Karin A. Forney, Bruce J. Thayre, Katherine Whitaker, Ryan Hoopes, Joshua M. Jones, John A. Hildebrand, Jeff Moore
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Species distribution models (SDMs) have been developed for multiple cetacean species within the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) from shipboard survey data collected by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) in summer and fall, thus limiting the ability to inform management decisions in cool seasons when abundance and distribution patterns are substantially different. Winter and spring SDMs have been developed for a few species using California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) shipboard survey data, but model predictions are limited to the waters off southern and central California. In this study, winter and spring density estimates for the entire CCE study area …
A Short Pragmatic Tool For Evaluating Community Engagement: Partnering For Health Improvement And Research Equity, John G. Oetzel, Blake Boursaw, Lenora Littledeer, Sarah Kastelic, Page Castro-Reyes, Juan M. Peña, Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa, Shannon Sanchez-Youngman, Lorenda Belone, Nina Wallerstein
A Short Pragmatic Tool For Evaluating Community Engagement: Partnering For Health Improvement And Research Equity, John G. Oetzel, Blake Boursaw, Lenora Littledeer, Sarah Kastelic, Page Castro-Reyes, Juan M. Peña, Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa, Shannon Sanchez-Youngman, Lorenda Belone, Nina Wallerstein
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Background: As community-engaged research (CEnR), community-based participatory research (CBPR) and patient-engaged research (PEnR) have become increasingly recognized as valued research approaches in the last several decades, there is need for pragmatic and validated tools to assess effective partnering practices that contribute to health and health equity outcomes. This article reports on the co-creation of an actionable pragmatic survey, shortened from validated metrics of partnership practices and outcomes. Methods: We pursued a triple aim of preserving content validity, psychometric properties, and importance to stakeholders of items, scales, and constructs from a previously validated measure of CBRP/CEnR processes and outcomes. There were …
Age As More Than A Number: An Applied Geography Of Elderly Vulnerability To Heat Events In The Southeastern United States, John Darko
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
No abstract provided.
Grand Challenges For Human Factors And Ergonomics, Waldemar Karwowski, Gavriel Salvendy, Mica Endsley, William Rouse, Paul Salmon, Kay Stanney, Andrew Thatcher, Tony Andre, Jessie Yang, Hasan Ayaz, Ahmet Cakir, Vince Duffy, Colin Drury, Qin Gao, Yinni Guo, Peter Hancock, William S. Marras, Patrick Rau
Grand Challenges For Human Factors And Ergonomics, Waldemar Karwowski, Gavriel Salvendy, Mica Endsley, William Rouse, Paul Salmon, Kay Stanney, Andrew Thatcher, Tony Andre, Jessie Yang, Hasan Ayaz, Ahmet Cakir, Vince Duffy, Colin Drury, Qin Gao, Yinni Guo, Peter Hancock, William S. Marras, Patrick Rau
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Contemporary society faces a growing set of complex global issues representing significant human health, well-being, and sustainability threats. Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) has a critical role to play in responding to these issues; however, there remain a set of grand challenges that require resolution. This paper presents and discusses six grand challenges for HFE and related key research thrust areas for each of the challenges. The grand challenges are (1) Evolution in Societal Thinking; (2) Future of Human Work in Industry 5.0; (3) Climate Change and Sustainability; (4) Future of Education and Training; (5) Future of Personalized Health, and …
Comparing E-Mosaics Predictions Of High-Redshift Proto-Globular Clusters With Jwst Observations In Lensed Galaxies, Joel Pfeffer, Duncan A. Forbes, Aaron J. Romanowsky, Nate Bastian, Robert A. Crain, J. M.Diederik Kruijssen, Kenji Bekki, Jean P. Brodie, Mélanie Chevance, Warrick J. Couch, Jonah S. Gannon
Comparing E-Mosaics Predictions Of High-Redshift Proto-Globular Clusters With Jwst Observations In Lensed Galaxies, Joel Pfeffer, Duncan A. Forbes, Aaron J. Romanowsky, Nate Bastian, Robert A. Crain, J. M.Diederik Kruijssen, Kenji Bekki, Jean P. Brodie, Mélanie Chevance, Warrick J. Couch, Jonah S. Gannon
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
High-resolution imaging and strong gravitational lensing of high-redshift galaxies have enabled the detection of compact sources with properties similar to nearby massive star clusters. Often found to be very young, these sources may be globular clusters detected in their earliest stages. In this work, we compare predictions of high-redshift (-10) star cluster properties from the E-MOSAICS simulation of galaxy and star cluster formation with those of the star cluster candidates in strongly lensed galaxies from JWST and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. We select galaxies in the simulation that match the luminosities of the majority of lensed galaxies with star …
Poster: Synthetic Malware Generation Using Generative Models, Tiffany Bao, Kylie Trousil, Quang Duy Tran, Fabio Di Troia, Younghee Park
Poster: Synthetic Malware Generation Using Generative Models, Tiffany Bao, Kylie Trousil, Quang Duy Tran, Fabio Di Troia, Younghee Park
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Malware poses significant challenges to cybersecurity, exacerbated by the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This paper explores the use of Diffusion and Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP) to generate synthetic malware samples as opcode sequences. The synthetic data, validated through classification metrics, demonstrates improved malware detection accuracy across families, particularly in addressing zero-day attacks. Results show that Diffusion achieves up to 99.6% accuracy in multi-class classification, outperforming WGAN-GP, which reaches up to 96.1%. Incorporating synthetic samples improves detection accuracy for rare malware families by up to 100%, underscoring the potential of generative models in enhancing malware detection.
Assessing Equity, Environmental Social Justice And Intersectionality In U.S. Federal Policies: A Comparative And Temporal Analysis Of The Department Of Transportation, Department Of Energy, And Environmental Protection Agency, Sneha Basu
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
As the climate crisis intensifies, U.S. federal policies play a critical role in addressing the disproportionate environmental burdens borne by marginalized communities. This thesis assesses how equity, environmental social justice, and intersectionality have been integrated into the policy documents of three key federal agencies: Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Energy (DOE), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), over a 20-year period (2004–2024). Using a quantitative content analysis of 46 policy documents, the study evaluates five core dimensions: depth of discussion, clarity of language, inclusiveness of marginalized groups, action-oriented language, and environmental justice considerations. The research reveals significant interagency disparities, with …
The Educational Perspective Of At-Risk Students: How Standards-Based Grading Affects Students In Alternative Education, Matthew John Secl
The Educational Perspective Of At-Risk Students: How Standards-Based Grading Affects Students In Alternative Education, Matthew John Secl
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
This dissertation explored the widespread challenges within educational systems by investigating the transformative potential of Standards-Based Grading (SBG) for atrisk students in alternative education settings. In an epoch where traditional grading systems often perpetuate inequities and focus on punitive assessments that undermine student growth, this study will explore how SBG can redefine how students in alternative education settings perceive their academic success and understand their learning environments. By providing a fair and transparent system, SBG reassures students and educators alike, instilling confidence in the system. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with recent graduates from a Midwest alternative school, the research examined …
The Influence Of Honor Culture Ideology On Juror Decision Making, Aubrey K. Paschal
The Influence Of Honor Culture Ideology On Juror Decision Making, Aubrey K. Paschal
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
Culture of honor is a system of cultural beliefs in which one’s honor is seen to be of the utmost importance (Nisbett & Cohen, 1996). Due to the importance of personal honor, defending one's honor could be seen as an adequate defense for crimes committed in the name of personal honor. This study examined the influence that honor culture ideology has on juror decision making. A total of 190 participants read a brief trial summary of either a crime in which the participants’ honor was threatened, or a crime that did not involve a threat to the defendant’s honor. The …
From Grades To Growth: Exploring Student Perceptions Of Standards-Based Grading, Feedback Utilization, And Teacher–Student Relationships, Meghan Koellner
From Grades To Growth: Exploring Student Perceptions Of Standards-Based Grading, Feedback Utilization, And Teacher–Student Relationships, Meghan Koellner
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
Many schools have transitioned from traditional grading practices to standards-based grading practices. A central feature of standards-based grading is the use of feedback to move learning forward. When students feel connected to their teachers, they are more likely to engage with feedback and improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to explore how midwestern high school students characterize their experience with standards-based grading, utilize teacher feedback, and perceive the impact of these practices on teacher-student relationships. Three research questions guided this study: (1) How do midwestern high school students characterize their experience with standards-based grading? (2) How do …
True Inclusion: A Qualitative Study In Autoethnography; Examining The Educational Journey And Divine Calling Of An Administrator To Champion The Inclusivity Of Students With Special Needs, Andrea Loutsch
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
The purpose of this study was to dive deeper into the real-life experience of a public school teacher/administrator that ventured into the role of a Catholic school administrator and their role as an advocate for students with special needs. A great deal of the research for the inclusion of students with special needs has been in the realm of public K-12 institutions and their rights as individuals with disabilities, since the introduction of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1975. However, many private, Catholic K-12 schools have recognized not only a stronger demand for services for students with …
Opportunities And Barriers In Iowa’S Teacher Apprenticeship Program, Patricia Ryan
Opportunities And Barriers In Iowa’S Teacher Apprenticeship Program, Patricia Ryan
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
The purpose of this qualitative study is to better understand opportunities and barriers in Iowa’s Teacher and Paraeducator Registered Apprenticeship Program (TPRA), framed through the lens of social capital and wellbeing. By examining the lived experiences of apprentices and journeyman/mentor teachers, this study aims to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of teaching apprenticeships, highlighting the challenges and successes faced by teachers in this alternative route to teacher certification. Through in-depth interviews with both apprentices and journeyman/mentor teachers, this research explores how participants build social capital through mentoring relationships, as well as how these connections impact career wellbeing for both …