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2025

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Virulence Of Emerging Tick-Borne Pathogens, Borrelia Miyamotoi And Borrelia Mayonii, Dawn Cleveland Jan 2025

Virulence Of Emerging Tick-Borne Pathogens, Borrelia Miyamotoi And Borrelia Mayonii, Dawn Cleveland

Theses and Dissertations

As climate change leads to global expansion of tick habitats, tick borne diseases are becoming more prevalent and widespread, and emerging tickborne pathogens Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia mayonii warrant increased study. Both B. miyamotoi and B. mayonii are vectored by the same tick species as B. burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, with B. miyamotoi causing a relapsing fever-like disease known as Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD), and B. mayonii causing a Lyme disease-like illness with atypical clinical presentations. This dissertation has two aims. The first aim encompasses B. miyamotoi infection and growth, isolation of clonal populations, and characterization of …


Autonomous Corrosion Detection In Steel Structures Using Different Non-Contact Techniques, Amrita Das Jan 2025

Autonomous Corrosion Detection In Steel Structures Using Different Non-Contact Techniques, Amrita Das

Theses and Dissertations

Metallic corrosion is an electrochemical process that can occur due to the formation of aqueous adlayers on the metal surface. It is often described as reverse metallurgy, as corrosion drives refined metals back to their lowest energy state, namely an oxidized, ore-like form. Environmental factors that promote corrosion include precipitation, high humidity, and chemical condensation, which can result from the hygroscopic nature of pollutants deposited on the surface. There is a significant impact of metallic corrosion on the U. S. economy including infrastructure, transportation, utilities, production, and manufacturing. The total direct cost of corrosion in the United States has been …


Get In The Zone: Utilizing A Food Skills Survey To Assess The Education Needs Of A Blue Zones Project Community, Sophia Kathryn Dunlap Jan 2025

Get In The Zone: Utilizing A Food Skills Survey To Assess The Education Needs Of A Blue Zones Project Community, Sophia Kathryn Dunlap

Theses and Dissertations

Under-resourced communities often demonstrate little to basic knowledge and skills regarding food and nutrition-related practices, such as cooking and meal planning, nutrition label reading, and gardening. This can be attributed to various factors such as education level, socioeconomic status, available education programs, and overall interest in these topics. Limited research is available discussing the current knowledge, skills, and interests of nutrition topics and healthy eating patterns within Blue Zones Project (BZP) communities. To explore this gap in the literature, a cross-sectional design was implemented via a food skills survey completed by the residents of a modest-sized college town and site …


Great Expectations: How Gender Assigned At Birth Shapes Viewpoint Based Perceptual Disparities In Gender-Diverse People, Adelyn Emter Jan 2025

Great Expectations: How Gender Assigned At Birth Shapes Viewpoint Based Perceptual Disparities In Gender-Diverse People, Adelyn Emter

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine disparities between personal beliefs and perceived societal ideologies about earning gendered traits and maintaining masculinity and femininity, with a focus on gender-diverse perspectives and the influence of gender identity on responses to social research. The current study recruited 334 gender-diverse participants to compare Viewpoint and Gendered Trait based on participant Gender Assigned at Birth, using twelve statements about earning and maintaining masculinity and femininity. The Traditional Egalitarian Sex Role (TESR) Inventory and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) Scale were used as covariates which significantly contributed to the model. As expected, societal belief scores …


Photometric Analysis Of Four Near-Earth Asteroids With A Convex Shape Model Of (25330) 1999 Kv4, Lucas James Hutton Jan 2025

Photometric Analysis Of Four Near-Earth Asteroids With A Convex Shape Model Of (25330) 1999 Kv4, Lucas James Hutton

Theses and Dissertations

Astrometric and photometric observations of asteroids provide information regarding their positions, rotation rates, axis of rotation, and shapes. Lightcurve inversion utilizes an asteroid’s change in brightness with respect to phase angle change, which maximizes ground-based observational data. This study investigated the rotational properties of four near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) with a single pole solution and convex shape model of (25330) 1999 KV4 using the lightcurve inversion method. Photometric observations were remotely obtained using the Skynet Robotic Telescope Network, andNOIRLAB’s Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory’s (CTIO) 24” Ritchey-Chretien Prompt 3 Telescope. The data were calibrated using AstroImageJ software, and lightcurve analyses were performed using …


Attributions Of Blame In Cases Of Stealthing, Shane William Knutson Jan 2025

Attributions Of Blame In Cases Of Stealthing, Shane William Knutson

Theses and Dissertations

Nonconsensual condom removal (NCCR), also known as “stealthing”, is a form of sexual abuse where an individual removes the condom without their sexual partner’s knowledge. While research regarding prevalence of NCCR has been conducted over the past decade, there are still aspects of previous research on other forms of sexual abuse that did not account for cases of NCCR. One such gap in the current literature are studies that investigate how individuals attribute blame to the victims of NCCR. Previous research has shown that there are differences in how individuals attribute blame towards victims of sexual abuse based on different …


The Effect Of Metallothionein-3 On Global Gene Expression And Transcriptome Of Kidney Progenitor And Urothelial Cells, Julia Kochanowski Jan 2025

The Effect Of Metallothionein-3 On Global Gene Expression And Transcriptome Of Kidney Progenitor And Urothelial Cells, Julia Kochanowski

Theses and Dissertations

Metallothioneins (MT) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins that protect against metal toxicity. MTs have several functions, such as transport of metals, detoxification of metals, and protection from metal toxicity. MT-3, first called growth inhibitory factor, was originally discovered as the Alzheimer’s disease gene. MT-3 has a unique structure with 7 additional amino acids. The role of MT-3 is unknown. Some studies suggest MT-3 plays a role in the immune system and with cisplatin resistance. RPTEC/TERT1 cell line is an immortalized cell line from the human proximal tubule of an adult kidney. It was determined that RPTEC/TERT1 cultures consisted …


Investigation In Using Kinesthetic Learning Of Electricity And Magnetism In Scale-Up, Joseph Charley Langenwalter Jan 2025

Investigation In Using Kinesthetic Learning Of Electricity And Magnetism In Scale-Up, Joseph Charley Langenwalter

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the effectiveness of incorporating kinesthetic learning activities into a SCALE-UP (Student-Centered Active Learning Environment with Upside-down Pedagogies) physics course to improve students' conceptual understanding of electricity and magnetism. This study aims to explore the effects of adding kinesthetic activities to a first-year 2nd semester physics course on student learning that included 92 students in three groups, traditional, scale-up control, scale-up activity classrooms. Nine active learning activities were designed to promote learning. A unique pre-post instrument was used to gauge student learning. Three questions from an instrument showed statistically significant improvement in student scores from the semester that …


The Role Of Student Loan Debt On Delayed Homeownership Among Black American College Graduates, Dedan Makongoro Kusaga Jan 2025

The Role Of Student Loan Debt On Delayed Homeownership Among Black American College Graduates, Dedan Makongoro Kusaga

Theses and Dissertations

The growing burden of student loan debt in the United States has raised significant concerns about its broader social and economic impacts, particularly on young adults’ ability to achieve financial milestones such as homeownership. Black American college graduates are especially affected, often carrying higher loan balances and facing greater financial barriers due to historical and structural inequalities. This quantitative study examined the role of student loan debt and other factors influencing delayed homeownership among Black American college graduates, using the public-use Baccalaureate and Beyond (B&B: 2008/2018) dataset from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Findings indicated student loan debt, …


From Emily To Loralei To Rory: A Qualitative Textual Analysis Of Scripts From Gilmore Girls For Real-World Application, Erin Mccann Jan 2025

From Emily To Loralei To Rory: A Qualitative Textual Analysis Of Scripts From Gilmore Girls For Real-World Application, Erin Mccann

Theses and Dissertations

In the realm of interpersonal communication and intrafamilial research, one dynamic, the mother and daughter pairing, is especially poignant in exploring the ties of closeness, the openness of communication and the potential for long-term impact on a daughter’s development. When studying the mother and daughter dynamic through a work of fiction, patterns can be observed without bias, allowing for evaluation of the strength of relationship and identification of broader implication to the discipline of family communication. In this study, a textual analysis was conducted evaluating 21 exemplary episodes of the 2000s television show Gilmore Girls focused entirely on the interactions …


Analysis Of Job Satisfaction Factors Influencing Pilot Retention In The United States Coast Guard, Margaret Morgan Jan 2025

Analysis Of Job Satisfaction Factors Influencing Pilot Retention In The United States Coast Guard, Margaret Morgan

Theses and Dissertations

United States Coast Guard (USCG) aviation is facing increasing challenges in pilot retention. A survey was designed to explore job satisfaction constructs and pilots’ intention to separate from the USCG to determine how gender, airframe, and retirement plan influence retention. The survey was distributed to Active Duty USCG pilots with 183 valid responses. Statistical analysis for job satisfaction found that female pilots are less satisfied with work-life balance. Differences between gender were not significant for the other job satisfaction constructs or intention to separate from the USCG. The analysis found that fixed wing pilots have a higher intention to separate …


Development Of A Climbing Collaborative Mobile Manipulator (C2m2) For Supporting In-Space Assembled Truss Structures, John Robert Isaac Merila Jan 2025

Development Of A Climbing Collaborative Mobile Manipulator (C2m2) For Supporting In-Space Assembled Truss Structures, John Robert Isaac Merila

Theses and Dissertations

The Climbing Collaborative Mobile Manipulator (C2M2) is being developed as a robotic system to support truss outfitting operations. The goal of the project is to build a truss climbing robot and demonstrate gaits that allow the robot to reach any point on the structure. The demonstrated motions are compared to simulated joint data. Design and construction of the robot was completed to allow for the robot to traverse the structure and operate as a stationary manipulator while grappled to the truss. A worm gear actuator system was developed for use in three 2-DOF modules composed into the 6-DOF robot. The …


Editor's Note: Celebrating 35 Years Of Scholarly Excellence, Dahai Liu Jan 2025

Editor's Note: Celebrating 35 Years Of Scholarly Excellence, Dahai Liu

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

A letter from the editor, Dr. Dahai Liu, on the JAAER's 35th anniversary.


Quantifying The Transfer Effectiveness Of An Artificial Intelligence-Based Simulator Pre-Training Program For Student Pilots, Ryan Guthridge Jan 2025

Quantifying The Transfer Effectiveness Of An Artificial Intelligence-Based Simulator Pre-Training Program For Student Pilots, Ryan Guthridge

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Since the airline pilot shortage was initially studied in 2016, the pilot hiring model has been significantly impacted, with airlines hiring qualified pilots at unprecedented rates. The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed this hiring rate, however it is expected that airline hiring will soon increase to a rate higher than initially expected (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2022). With this dynamic, certified flight instructors are often the most qualified recruits for airlines, due to the number of hours and experience they have gained in the flight training organization. In turn, certified flight instructors are in short supply for flight training organizations worldwide. …


Analysis Of Public Acceptance Of Urban Air Mobility (Uam) Based On Air Travel Frequency, Seuggyun Jin, Kim O. Chambers Jan 2025

Analysis Of Public Acceptance Of Urban Air Mobility (Uam) Based On Air Travel Frequency, Seuggyun Jin, Kim O. Chambers

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an innovative air transportation system designed for efficient travel in urban and suburban areas, offering significant time saving compared to traditional ground transportation. However, concerns about UAM services, such as safety and noise, remain prominent. Understanding public acceptance of UAM is crucial to identifying potential customers and ensuring the sustainability of commercial UAM operations. This study utilizes an online survey from a total of 254 consumer attitudes on the scales of reliability, usefulness, behavioral intention, safety, and concerns to examine public acceptance of UAM based on people's air travel frequencies. Using a one-way ANOVA, the …


Towards The Wearable Cardiorespiratory Sensors For Aerospace Applications, Chandan Sheikder Jan 2025

Towards The Wearable Cardiorespiratory Sensors For Aerospace Applications, Chandan Sheikder

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

In safety-critical aviation operations, adaptive Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) rely on accurate physiological monitoring to mitigate cognitive overload. While cardiorespiratory sensors are promising for real-time cognitive workload assessment, existing studies lack rigorous validation of consumer-grade devices in high-stress aviation contexts and fail to address measurement uncertainty propagation. This study evaluates the Zephyr BioHarness, a commercial wearable sensor, against clinical-grade equipment during arithmetic tasks simulating aviation cognitive demands. By integrating a neuro-fuzzy system with uncertainty propagation methods, we quantify the reliability of heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR) metrics for workload estimation. Results demonstrate moderate HR accuracy (RMSE: 4.85 bpm, CC: …


Empowering Precision Forecasting: Self-Supervised Lstm For Hourly Pressure And Temperature Prediction, Anand Shankar, Deepak K. Singh, Mantosh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Pradhan Parth Sarthi Jan 2025

Empowering Precision Forecasting: Self-Supervised Lstm For Hourly Pressure And Temperature Prediction, Anand Shankar, Deepak K. Singh, Mantosh Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Pradhan Parth Sarthi

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The most important parts of any flight are landing and takeoff, and an aircraft's takeoff configuration must balance the regulated takeoff weight, runway length, and weather conditions to ensure a safe departure and arrival. In addition to runway length, wind, temperature, pressure, and visibility determine the total allowed takeoff weight and the economic viability of any trip. Thus, any meteorological office involved in flight planning and operation at any airport must accurately assess these factors, known as takeoff data. This research paper suggests multivariate self-supervised LSTM-based models to accurately predict the temperature and pressure (MSLP) of the takeoff data. The …


A Mathematical Model On The Temporal Dynamics Of Aviation Competitive Pricing, Tichaona Chikore,, Farai Nyabadza, Jan 2025

A Mathematical Model On The Temporal Dynamics Of Aviation Competitive Pricing, Tichaona Chikore,, Farai Nyabadza,

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

This study investigates the competitive dynamics of airport pricing using U.S. airport data to validate the findings. It employs linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equation models to analyze the influence of competitive interactions and internal factors on pricing decisions. The methodology involves parameter estimation via optimization techniques and quantile regression to capture heterogeneity across market segments. Mathematical analysis and simulation results show that if competitive coupling coefficients are low then there is weak competitive influence on pricing, with airports’ pricing largely driven by internal factors. Also, if the adjustment rates exhibit consistency across airports then internal dynamics are dominant in …


Political Turbulence And Aviation Safety: A Cross-National Analysis Of Political Stability's Effects On Aviation Accidents, Léa Faure, Lilliam Maria Cáceres Malachowski Jan 2025

Political Turbulence And Aviation Safety: A Cross-National Analysis Of Political Stability's Effects On Aviation Accidents, Léa Faure, Lilliam Maria Cáceres Malachowski

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

To what extent does political stability affect aviation safety? This research aims to link domestic political conditions and public safety through the consideration of aviation accident frequency. Political instability can indeed have profound effects on reducing overall public safety in a variety of domains through its influence on public policies. Reduced regulations and governance efforts can appear in contentious contexts for less-prioritized fields. This could influence the reemergence of technical aviation risk factors like crew training and performance, maintenance issues, infrastructure problems, human errors, etc. This would highlight a correlation between such political instability and weaker aviation safety regulations, investments …


The Impact Of Socialization On Student Intention To Persist And Flight Training Outcomes, Bryan M. Haffey, Kathryn Gardner-Vandy Jan 2025

The Impact Of Socialization On Student Intention To Persist And Flight Training Outcomes, Bryan M. Haffey, Kathryn Gardner-Vandy

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The aim of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between the socialization of student pilots within aviation-training organizations, student intention to persist, and training outcomes as demonstrated by the number of flight hours needed to reach both solo flight and the attainment of the private pilot certificate. It also sought to compare the extent to which socialization is promoted within different types of flight training environments. It was hypothesized that Part 141 flight schools would be more likely to promote socialization than any type of Part 61 training environment. Eligible respondents were invited to take an online survey …


Stem Professors’ Motivation To Engage In A College Teaching Certificate, Justin Craig Alexander Jan 2025

Stem Professors’ Motivation To Engage In A College Teaching Certificate, Justin Craig Alexander

Theses and Dissertations

Despite an expanded focus on educating students in STEM disciplines, nearly half of U.S. college students who enroll in these degree programs fail to graduate (Hamm et al., 2020, p. 623). Critics sometimes blame pedagogically untrained faculty (e.g., Kahn, 2022). This Dissertation in Practice (DiP) focused on STEM university faculty's motivation for teaching and whether professors are motivated to enroll in pedagogy courses. Via the lens of self-determination theory (SDT), this DiP examined to what extent STEM faculty at a major research university in the upper Midwest could devote additional time to pedagogy by enrolling in a college teaching graduate …


Mental Health Stigma Among Latiné Adolescents: Help-Seeking Intentions And Recommendations, Brenda D. Barragan Jan 2025

Mental Health Stigma Among Latiné Adolescents: Help-Seeking Intentions And Recommendations, Brenda D. Barragan

Theses and Dissertations

Latiné adolescents in the United States face increasing mental health challenges, including elevated rates of depression, suicidal ideation, and emotional distress, particularly in underserved regions such as the Midwest. Despite these needs, Latiné adolescents remain underrepresented in mental health research, particularly with respect to how cultural values and intersecting identities—such as gender, immigrant status, and perceived socioeconomic status—influence stigma and help-seeking behaviors. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study explored how mental health stigma and cultural factors shape help-seeking intentions and recommendations among 95 self-identified Latiné adolescents in North Dakota and Minnesota. The study examined two primary …


Precipitation Forecast And Verification For Suas Applications, Patrick Britt Jan 2025

Precipitation Forecast And Verification For Suas Applications, Patrick Britt

Theses and Dissertations

Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) have become a fast-growing part of air traffic in the United States. This significant growth is due to the numerous uses these systems can provide, both recreationally and professionally. Due to the small nature of the sUAS, any weather, regardless of intensity, plays a vital role in flight operations and planning. In a survey of sUAS pilots, it was found that precipitation was the most significant hazard of concern, and the most time-sensitive hazard, as precipitation conditions are most often checked by operators in the immediate moments before flight. This project aimed to create, analyze, …


An Exploratory Investigation Of The Impact Of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence On College Women: A Qualitative Study, Dana Juel Conzemius-Schindler Jan 2025

An Exploratory Investigation Of The Impact Of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence On College Women: A Qualitative Study, Dana Juel Conzemius-Schindler

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have found psychological intimate partner violence (P-IPV; defined as emotional and verbal abuse utilized to degrade, demean, create fear, control, or isolate; Tolman, 1989; Sullivan et al., 2012) is detrimental to mental health functioning, including increased sexual risk behaviors, depressive and anxious symptomology, and relationship dissatisfaction (Hellemans et al., 2015; Overstreet et al., 2015). Despite this, little is known regarding the academic and psychological lived experiences of survivors of P-IPV. Therefore, the current study sought to qualitatively explore the lived experiences of female-identified students exposed to psychological intimate partner violence while in college. Through a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; …


Exploring Refugee Students’ Experiences In Midwest Higher Education Environments: Culturally Responsive Practices For Educators, Rohana De Silva Jan 2025

Exploring Refugee Students’ Experiences In Midwest Higher Education Environments: Culturally Responsive Practices For Educators, Rohana De Silva

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study examined the teaching and learning strategies used by highereducation faculty to support refugee students at a Midwestern university. Recognizing that refugee students bring diverse cultural, linguistic, and experiential backgrounds to academic environments, this research examined how instructional practices can either promote or hinder their educational success. Traditional teaching methods often fall short in addressing the complex needs of this student population. Using Yosso’s Community Cultural Wealth Framework, Bourdieu’s Theory of Cultural Capital, and Resilience Theory, this study analyzed the narratives of refugee students to uncover how their lived experiences influenced their educational journeys. Findings revealed that refugee …


Religion-Justified Childhood Maltreatment, Maladjustment, And Child Abuse Potential, Hannah Doctor Jan 2025

Religion-Justified Childhood Maltreatment, Maladjustment, And Child Abuse Potential, Hannah Doctor

Theses and Dissertations

Childhood abuse is a widely studied construct that has been shown to be related to higher levels of maladjustment and physical discipline and abuse perpetration in adulthood. Religion has been studied in relation to traumatic experiences and shown to be a factor that may help mitigate subsequent maladjustment. The idea religion may have been used to justify abusive acts has not been as widely studied but may complicate the picture of religion being a protective or resiliency factor. The present study sought to explore the relationships between religion, childhood abuse, maladjustment, and parenting behaviors. It was hypothesized that religion being …


Practices Of North Dakota Vocal Music Educators With Exemplary Implementations Of Culturally Responsive Education, Allyse L. Dunnigan Jan 2025

Practices Of North Dakota Vocal Music Educators With Exemplary Implementations Of Culturally Responsive Education, Allyse L. Dunnigan

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the culturally responsive practices of exemplary vocal music educators in North Dakota, with a focus on understanding how they implement culturally responsive education in their classrooms. As student populations become increasingly diverse, educators remain predominantly White, leading to cultural disconnects that can hinder student engagement and academic success. Utilizing a qualitative, phenomenological research design framed by culturally responsive music education, this study captures the lived experiences of five vocal music educators identified for their exemplary use of culturally responsive practices. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, analyzed to identify practices, challenges, and impacts on students. Findings reveal that …


Rethinking Pilot Retention In The United States: An Analysis Of Key Factors, Michael James Hickey Jan 2025

Rethinking Pilot Retention In The United States: An Analysis Of Key Factors, Michael James Hickey

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examined pilot retention challenges in U.S. regional and low-cost carriers (LCCs), focusing on nonfinancial incentives such as quality of life, career stability, and work-life balance, which may have a greater influence on retention than traditional financial incentives. This quantitative, survey-based approach assesses how pilots rank the factors that influence their retention. Using a sample of U.S.-based pilots, the study examines six key areas adapted from a European pilot retention framework. Statistical analyses, including the Friedman test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test, identified correlations between demographic variables and retention priorities. The inherent financial constraints of regional …


Measuring The Clinical Effectiveness Of Telenutrition Medical Nutrition Therapy Among American Indian And Alaska Native Adults Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes, Charisse Lindsey Holiday Jan 2025

Measuring The Clinical Effectiveness Of Telenutrition Medical Nutrition Therapy Among American Indian And Alaska Native Adults Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes, Charisse Lindsey Holiday

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 global pandemic was the impetus of the transition from in-person medical nutrition therapy (MNT) visits to telephone MNT. This occurred without evaluation of its clinical effectiveness, especially for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). It is known that in-person MNT is clinically effective at lowering hemoglobin A1c (A1c) and that people with diabetes who experience food insecurity have poorer health. However, research characterizing food insecurity among AI/ANs is limited. This retrospective observational analytical study was conducted at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center (PIMC) in Phoenix, Arizona to assess the clinical effectiveness of telephone delivered MNT services by a …


Visible, Invisible: (Levantine) Arab American Men On Mental Health, Nesreen Jaber Jan 2025

Visible, Invisible: (Levantine) Arab American Men On Mental Health, Nesreen Jaber

Theses and Dissertations

To address the dearth in psychological research and practice in regards to Arab American men, this study examined the lived experiences of seven Levantine (Belad Al Sham) Arab American men with origins in Palestine, Lebanon, and Iraq. Semi-structured interviews, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), and a Liberation Psychology framework were utilized to explore their definitions of mental health, their experiences of stigma, their experiences with mental health therapy, and their attitudes towards psychology and therapy. A total of seven superordinate themes emerged that highlighted the roles of gendered stigma, cultural incongruence in therapeutic praxis, Eurocentric norms in psychology, and conceptualizations of …