Digital Commons Network^™

Utterance Fluency In Integrated Speaking Tasks: Examining The Role Of Task Type And Topic, Elif Saribas

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

Fluency is a fundamental component of second language (L2) proficiency and plays a central role in both communicative competence and language assessment (Tavakoli & Wright, 2020). This study examined utterance fluency, specifically speed, breakdown, and repair fluency, within integrated speaking tasks, widely employed in high-stakes language assessments such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-based Test (TOEFL iBT). Although previous research has established strong associations between fluency and both communicative adequacy and overall proficiency ratings (De Jong et al., 2015; Révész et al., 2016), the interaction between task structure and topic remains insufficiently understood due to confounding …

The Marginalization Of The Malgre Nous In French Society From Its Roots To The 1960s, Marie Oury

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This thesis examines how young Alsatians found themselves on the margins of postwar France. The illegal annexation of their region by Germany in 1940 led them into a bitter paradox: within months, they had to support their enemy's war effort. The National Socialist (Nazi) regime's coercion reached its height between 1942 and 1945, when 130,000 young men and women from Alsace and Moselle were conscripted into the German army against their will. After the war, this generation bore the weight of that history, struggling to reintegrate into France, a nation that sought to avoid grappling with the complex experiences of …

Digitally-Mediated Nature-Connectedness?: Listeners’ Emotional Responses To And Perception Of Digitized Nature Sounds, Marissa Salas

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

• Faced with the potential closure or privatization of the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), it is important to reflect on the conservation efforts using soundscapes. This dissertation explores the gap between experts and lay listeners in listening to soundscapes through the digitally-mediated spaces (e.g. YouTube). In a pilot project conducted in 2024 that used facial emotional recognition software and a talk-aloud protocol, data on emotions was collected. Using NPS video recordings on its webpages, social media accounts and via other digital channels (YouTube, etc.) created by NPS experts, this project employed an innovative, interdisciplinary, mixed-methods experimental design to investigate …

Reframing Recovery: Comparing Music Interventions And Traditional Rehabilitation Methods For Cognitive Function In Traumatic Brain Injury Patients, Laura Velez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions annually, often resulting in long-term cognitive deficits that hinder independence and quality of life. While traditional rehabilitation methods address many physical and functional limitations, cognitive impairments—such as deficits in attention, memory, and executive function—often persist. Emerging evidence highlights music-based interventions as a promising complement to standard therapies, yet comparative research remains limited. This integrative literature review examined the effects of music interventions versus traditional rehabilitation methods on cognitive function in adults with TBI. Using a systematic search of databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL Ultimate, APA PsycInfo, and Music Index, eight peer-reviewed studies were selected for …

Comparing Inter-Rater Reliability For Two Coding Methodologies In Meta-Analysis Data Extraction, Christine D. Destefano

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

Meta-analyses are critical tools for evidence-based policymaking, but their validity depends heavily on accurate data extraction from primary studies. While previous research has focused on procedural aspects of coding and reliability of effect size extraction, there remains a significant gap in understanding how to improve inter-rater reliability (IRR) for moderator variables that provide crucial context for meta-analytic findings. This study compared two methodological approaches for coding moderator variables: traditional low-inference coding and a novel drill-down questioning technique adapted from database development principles. Using a comparative analysis design, two independent coders extracted data from 18 primary studies included in a published …

The Representation Of Racially And Ethnically Diverse Students Identified With Giftedness In Third Grade In Florida, Ioanna Katsavria

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This study examines the proportional representation of Black, Hispanic, White, and Asian third-grade gifted students across urban and rural school districts in the U.S. state of Florida. It incorporates secondary quantitative datasets for the Fall 2023 and Spring 2024 school terms from the Florida Department of Education (FLDOE, n.d.), collected in the Fall 2024, along with qualitative data gathered in Spring 2025 from the websites of sixty-seven county-based school districts. Significant disparities among all groups of racially and ethnically diverse students were exposed through the quantitative data analysis. Notably, Black, Hispanic, and Asian students, especially in rural areas, were shown …

Enhancing The Accuracy Of Image Classification For Degenerative Brain Diseases With Cnn Ensemble Models Using Mel-Spectrograms, Sang-Ha Sung, Michael Pokojovy, Do-Young Kang, Woo-Yong Bae, Yeon-Jae Hong, Sangjin Kim

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are prevalent neurodegenerative disorders among the elderly, leading to cognitive decline and motor impairments. As the population ages, the prevalence of these neurodegenerative disorders is increasing, providing motivation for active research in this area. However, most studies are conducted using brain imaging, with relatively few studies utilizing voice data. Using voice data offers advantages in accessibility compared to brain imaging analysis. This study introduces a novel ensemble-based classification model that utilizes Mel spectrograms and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to distinguish between healthy individuals (NM), AD, and PD patients. A total of 700 voice …

Understanding Pre-Service Teachers’ Engagement, Application And Perception Of Instructor Feedback In An Online Teacher Education Course: An Action Research Study, Iram Khan

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

Teachers should prioritize continuous professional development through shared experiences and reflective teaching to remain competitive in the global education system and become better teachers to assist language learners in achieving their goals (Vadivel et al., 2021). Professional development courses are crucial for enhancing teaching skills; however, there is a concern that such initiatives seem ineffective in promoting change in teaching practices (Darling-Hammond et al., 2017; Gore et al., 2017). Implementing effective instructional approaches in teacher education courses, such as feedback and reflection, is crucial for aspiring teachers to enhance their knowledge and professional growth (Darling-Hammond et al., 2017; Pharis et …

Health Behavior In A Culture-Driven Society: Using Mixed Methods Research To Examine Medical Pluralism In Zimbabwe, Stephen Mhere

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This dissertation examined the role of cultural influences on health-seeking behaviors and healthcare choices among Zimbabweans, focusing on medical pluralism – where individuals simultaneously access traditional, faith-based, and allopathic medical systems. It applied the PEN-3 Cultural Model to examine Cultural Identity, Relationships and Expectations, and Cultural Empowerment. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, data were collected via a Shona-language survey on WhatsApp. Multiple choice, closed-ended, and open-ended survey questions were texted to participants, and they responded by text or audio messages. Response data were collected from 137 study participants. Multinomial logistic regression was used for quantitative data analysis, while deductive …

The Effect Of Four Vocabulary Tasks On The Initial Learning And Retention Of Formulaic Language: The Case Of Phrasal Verbs, Eman Barri

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

The quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of four vocabulary tasks on the learning and retention of English phrasal verbs (PVs). University Intensive English Program students (91) completed one of the following tasks: One Fill-in-the-Blank, Three Fill-in-the-Blank, Sentence Writing, and Composition Writing. Their knowledge of eight target PVs was measured using a modified vocabulary knowledge scale at three points: pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest (two weeks later). A mixed factorial ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between task and time. Follow-up repeated-measures and one-way ANOVAs showed that the Three Fill-in-the-Blank produced the highest scores on both posttests. Consistent with findings on …

Examining The Impact African American Male Teachers Have On The Math Scores Of Underserved Students, Demetrice Thomas

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This study contributed to a growing body of evidence emphasizing that teacher identity profoundly influences not only how students learn but also how they perceive themselves and their potential. As Gershenson (2022) noted, “Black teachers provide benefits to all students, fostering higher achievement and stronger aspirations,” highlighting the essential role of diverse educators in shaping student success. Consistent academic gains observed among students taught by African American male teachers reinforce the urgent need for educational systems to prioritize equity not only in student outcomes but also in diversifying the teaching workforce. Despite African American male teachers comprising less than 2% …

Queering The Queer Bildungsroman: Literature Of Aids, The Rhizome, And Rat Bohemia, Emma Tolliver

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

The advent of the bildungsroman with Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship was a seminal moment in literature. From that point onward, the genre, which would come to be known as the “coming-of-age” novel, evolved and as such developed a variety of subgenres. This thesis focuses on the queer bildungsroman, a subgenre which has been dubbed the “coming-out” novel. Through Judith Butler’s work, I conceptualize genre as gender. Additionally, I utilize the Deleuzian concepts of the rhizome, becoming, and minor literature along with literature of AIDS to argue that the queer bildungsroman is not solely the coming out novel. …

The Long Walk And Beyond: Navajo Resilience And The Journey From Displacment To Resurgence, William A. Alvarado

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This thesis, The Long Walk and Beyond: Navajo Resilience and the Journey from Displacement to Resurgence: A Study Exploring the Unique Late Nineteenth-Century Navajo Odyssey During United States Expansion, examines the profound impact of U.S. territorial expansion on the Navajo people during the mid-to-late nineteenth century. Central to this narrative is the tragic experience of the Navajo Long Walk (1864), which led to the forced relocation of thousands of Navajos to Bosque Redondo. The thesis explores the complexities of this relocation, emphasizing the cultural, social, and economic devastation it caused. Despite these challenges, the Navajo people demonstrated remarkable resilience, using …

The Transition Of Tradition: The Modernismo Era Of Puerto Rican Postcolonial Short Fiction, Natalie Donis

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

Modernismo, an artistic and literary cultural movement that swept across Latin America, profoundly shaped Puerto Rican short fiction by introducing innovative narrative techniques before the novel gained prominence on the island. Emerging during the sociopolitical upheaval following the Spanish American War and Puerto Rico's annexation by the United States, modernismo responded to both European artistic trends and the cultural tensions of colonial transition. In my research, in Puerto Rico, Moderismo emerged in the short story before the novel. This research examines how Puerto Rican short stories by José Luis González and Emilio Díaz Valcárcel, from this era, grapple with themes …

Ghosts Moving From The Margins: Comparing Representations Of Migrants In Contemporary Italian Media, Madeline Grohowski

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This thesis examines how two different cultural mediums produced by a prominent Italian director and a popular Italian musical artist engage with themes of immigration and diaspora and their impacts on Italian national identity. The works that I have selected represent a mix of well-known and emergent figures in Italian cultural life and its related discourses around immigration and identity from the last 20 years of Italian history. Focusing on director Emanuele Crialese’s film Terraferma (2011) and rapper and singer Ghali’s songs “Mamma” (2017) and “Bayna” (2022), I analyze how each work frames migration as a metaphorical haunting that engages …

Requisites For A Dream: An Evaluation Into The National Urban League’S Adjustment Efforts For Southern Migrants, 1911-1930, Adaeze Nwigwe

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

The American Dream is loosely defined as a universalist rhetoric that promises any American the opportunity to succeed in life. However, for African Americans this has not always been guaranteed. Historiography around the mantra uncovers a gap in consideration for Black Americans’ unique marginalization in American society despite their long history within the nation. This paradox inspired a myriad of proposed solutions towards racial disparities, with the early twentieth century favoring ideas of racial uplift as a panacea for prejudice. This thesis examines the use of racial uplift as a solution by the National Urban League during the first half …

Trends In Science Outreach Research Through Social Media (2000-2023): A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis, María Del Pilar Quezada Castro, Marco Antonio Rodríguez Vega, María Del Pilar Castro Arellano, Guillermo Alexander Quezada Castro

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Scientific dissemination is key to transmitting specialized knowledge to society, using social networks and digital platforms as essential tools. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to identify trends, key themes, and collaboration networks in scientific outreach research.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis of 1577 papers indexed in the Scopus database between 2000 and 2023 was conducted using advanced tools such as Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The analysis focused on co-authorship patterns, citation networks, and emerging thematic trends.

Results: The findings showed exponential growth in scientific output over the last four years, shaped by the impact of the COVID-19 …

Vaccines And Publics: A Variety Of Engagement Experiences, David H. Lee

Publications and Research

This chapter is about some of the sites and scenes where members of the public are exposed to (and engage in) vaccination discourse. To preview, after a brief introduction, we begin with messaging models of communication, followed by the move from messaging to engagement. Next, case examples of public engagement with vaccines are introduced, from pandemic influenza preparedness in the U.S., to polio eradication initiatives in India, and then to COVID-19 public engagement events in England. Settings of public engagement are noted, including online, in churches and museums. Then, there’s a section about communication and public participation, seen as either …

The Syntax Of Sports Class 7: Information Flow, Patrick Barry

Books

What can sports fans who start “the wave” at a big stadium teach us about getting people to speak up in class or at an important meeting? What can the poet Maya Angelou and the boxer Joe Louis teach us about streamlining sentences and paragraphs? And how exactly do we get our ideas to flow in powerfully persuasive ways? Explore these and other questions in the seventh volume of The Syntax of Sports, a series based on the innovative and highly interdisciplinary courses Professor Patrick Barry teaches at the University of Michigan.

Like It Or Not: Recognizing A Special Relationship Between Social Media Companies And Their Users, Alexandra Tran

Fordham Law Review

When the internet plays a role in a plaintiff’s injury, there can be considerable roadblocks barring recovery. At the heart of the dispute over how social media should be legally addressed is the balance between maintaining freedom of expression on the open internet and imposing regulations on social media companies to ensure online safety. When plaintiffs allege that a social media company had a duty to warn them about dangers on its site, courts are generally reluctant to extend the special relationship doctrine to encompass the social media-user relationship. In addition to the high bar set by courts, different jurisdictions …

Embedding With Large Language Models For Classification Of Hipaa Safeguard Compliance Rules, Md Abdur Rahman, Md Abdul Barek, Abm Kamrul Islam Riad, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Bajlur Rashid, Md Raihan Mia, Hossain Shahriar, Guillermo Francia, Fan Wu, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Although software developers of mHealth apps are responsible for protecting patient data and adhering to strict privacy and security requirements, many of them lack awareness of HIPAA regulations and struggle to distinguish between HIPAA rules categories. Therefore, providing guidance of HIPAA rules patterns classification is essential for developing secured applications for Google Play Store. In this work, we identified the limitations of traditional Word2Vec embeddings in processing code patterns. To address this, we adopt multilingual BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) which offers contextualized embeddings to the attributes of dataset to overcome the issues. Therefore, we applied this BERT to …

Relational Database Schema To Support Research Profiling Studies, Natural Language Processing, And Bibliometric Analysis, Darnelle Melvin

Library Faculty Research

In this paper, a relational database schema is introduced that supports rapid prototyping, data preprocessing, and warehousing tasks associated with research profiling studies, natural language processing, and bibliometric analysis. Python scripts are leveraged for the seamless retrieval and processing of data from Semantic Scholar. This schema is tailored to efficiently analyze entities such as authors, their scientific papers, referenced papers, and cited papers. Adhering to the relational model, this schema offers a standardized approach to data storage and detailed information retrieval for scientific papers. Enhancing knowledge discovery in scientific databases, this schema provides researchers with a powerful platform for robust …

Beyond Entertainment – An Analysis Of Minecraft: Education Edition As An Inclusive Educational Platform For Diverse Learners, Herschel Meusa

Selected Full-Text Master Theses 2021-

Minecraft: Education Edition is examined as an interactive and educational media object and art form. Through an analysis of its game's UI, interactive design, and user-friendliness, players are immersed in the game. Although Minecraft provides an open-ended design that fosters creativity, freedom, and collaborative learning, its structured instructional scaffolding, adaptive difficulty, and comprehensive accessibility features make it less inclusive for all learners. This thesis argues that these gaps serve as warnings to educational Media Arts practitioners working on interactive media design and lessons about interface design, user agency, and inclusion in game mechanics. This research examines the structure of Minecraft …

An Introduction To Cultural Anthropology: What Does Anthropology Offer The Current World?, Kristina Baines, Victoria Costa, Baird Campbell

Open Educational Resources

This Open Educational Resource (OER) is designed to be used as a textbook to accompany an introductory course in Cultural Anthropology. The chapters can, however, stand alone or be expanded and be used in courses with units on Medical Anthropology, Ethnographic Methods, Race and Gender Studies, Climate and Environmental Anthropology and others. Please feel free to use all or part of the textbook and supplemental materials provided. This resource is published under a creative commons license. Use and modify as you wish for non-commercial use only with attribution to Cool Anthropology.

The Scale And Sustainability Of An Early Childhood Dual Language Program, Michelle Belfiore Loconte

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The history of multilingual education in the United States over the last fifty years has gradually transitioned from a subtractive bilingual approach to additive approaches, where students increase their cognition of both their native language and the target language. The dissertation study explored the scale and sustainability of one dual language early childhood program that has been implemented over the past 19 years, expanding across grade levels. The research question of this dissertation study was, “What can we learn from a long-lasting and steadily expanding public early childhood dual language program?” The data for this dissertation was collected through a …

Influence Of Naturalistic Language Intervention On Child Communication And Engagement, Olivia R. Abate

Theses and Dissertations--Early Childhood, Special Education, and Counselor Education

The purpose of this study is to parallel naturalistic instructional contexts that often occur during caregiver-child interactions (e.g., one-to-one arrangement during play) to learn more about how children respond when prompting is introduced compared to responsive interaction strategies alone or with environmental arrangement strategies. This exploratory study was designed to evaluate the potential differential effects within an ATD, comparing RI alone, RI + EA, and RI + MP on joint engagement, communication acts, and interfering behaviors. This study is ongoing and lacks results for communication acts. Preliminary results supported and contradicted aspects of the hypothesis: joint engagement would occur at …

Precipitation, Perceptions, And Participation: An Analysis Of Individual Perceptions Of Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority's Cloud Seeding Pilot Program And Suggestions For Public Outreach And Communications, Rachel A. Rowlee

Pitzer Senior Theses

Cloud seeding is a form of weather modification intended to increase the amount of precipitation by introducing a seeding agent. The Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority (SAWPA) has implemented a four-year cloud seeding pilot program utilizing silver iodide as a seeding agent during rain storm events. Over the last year, SAWPA received various feedback, much of which exists in the social media realm. This research consists of open-ended interviews with water resource managers, SAWPA employees, and individuals expressing disapproval of the program on social media and Instagram comment analyses. Interview and comment analyses are put into conversation with the theory …

Enhancing Disease Surveillance In Conflict Settings: An Ecological Case Study On Cholera In Sudan At The Intersection Of Environmental And Conflict Drivers, Kinsey Medlin

Public Health Theses

Cholera outbreaks are complex and driven by an interaction of environmental circumstances and conflict-related disruptions, yet few studies have integrated both in the context of conflict regions. This ecological study examines cholera transmission dynamics in Sudan from 2016 to 2025, exploring temporal associations using cross-correlation analysis and applying generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to analyze the influence of remotely sensed environmental variables (rainfall, temperature, NDVI, NDWI) and conflict indicators (civilian targeting, political violence, demonstrations) on cholera cases. Weekly cholera surveillance data, combined with satellite-derived environmental variables and conflict event datasets, were modeled across two time periods: pre-conflict (2016-2018) and active …

From The Desk Of The Editor: Dr. Sara Withers, Sara Withers

Spectrum

No abstract provided.

Highlands Vs Lowlands: An Analysis Of Genetic Adaptations Associated With Linguistic Diversity In Papua New Guinea, Alexandra Rassias

Spectrum

No abstract provided.