Digital Commons Network^™

Customized Feminine Hygiene Wash Containing Postbiotics From Lactobacillus Spp. To Treat Urinary Tract Infections (Uti), Veena G. Nair

Theses and Dissertations

Probiotics, which support host health by maintaining normal microbial flora, offer a promising approach for preventing recurrent infections. To evaluate the prophylactic potential of vaginal probiotics against urinary tract infections (UTIs), we conducted a study on 54 healthy South Indian women aged 18–40 who visited the Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient clinic at Trichy SRM Medical College and Research Centre between June and July 2022. Vaginal swabs were collected following ethical guidelines, and commensal microbiota were isolated for probiotic characterization, with the broader objective of developing a customized feminine hygiene wash enriched with vaginal postbiotics.

Lactobacilli cell-free supernatant (CFS) demonstrated potent …

Characterization Of Vaccine-Enhanced Humoral Immune Responses Against Emergent Sars-Cov-2 Variants In A Convalescent Cohort, Jared Sheehan, Amber J. Trauth, Michael E. Hagensee, Alistair J. Ramsay

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Vaccination of COVID-19–convalescent individuals may generate ‘hybrid’ immunity of enhanced magnitude, durability, and cross-reactive breadth. Our primary goal was to characterize hybrid antibody (Ab) responses in a patient cohort infected with ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 virus and vaccinated between 6 and 10 months later with the Wuhan-Hu-1–based BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We were particularly interested in determining the efficacy of neutralizing Ab responses against subsequently emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sera collected at 3-monthly intervals over a period of 12 months were analyzed by ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 RBD–specific Ab responses, and also for neutralizing Ab activity using pseudovirus-based neutralization assays. We found that convalescent RBD-reactive …

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Persons Living With Hiv Who Are Homebound Due To One Or More Comorbidities Within A Southern State Using Photovoice, Anthony Alyn "Deek" Cunningham

All ETDs from UAB

At the end of 2022, there were 1,109,418 adults and adolescents with HIV in the United States and the six dependent areas of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, the Republic of Palau, and the US Virgin Islands (CDC, 2024). Due to ongoing advances in medications and treatments, people who have been diagnosed with HIV are living longer and healthier lives, making this a chronic health condition. Yet, there are gaps in the literature that focuses on this population growing older and aging in place. This dissertation investigated the lived experiences of individuals fifty years and older …

Climate Change Will Impact Childhood Cancer Risks, Care And Outcomes., Hannah M. Thompson, Perry Sheffield, Omar Shakeel, Nicole Wood, Mark D. Miller

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Black/African American Community Health Workers In Hhs Region 4 And Covid-19 Vaccination: Position Perspective And Power, Cecily A. Gray

All ETDs from UAB

COVID-19 is caused by the novel and easily transmissible SARS-C0V-2 virus. SARS-C0V-2 was first reported in the Chinese Providence of Hubei in December 2019 and in the United States in January 2020. After nearly 120,000 confirmed global cases and 4,200 deaths in 114 countries, the WHO declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic in March of 2020. By fall of 2020, COVI9-19 had become the third leading cause of death in the United States. When compared to other groups, Black/African Americans were disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to ongoing racial inequities/disparities including chronic illness. Black/African Americans who are more likely …

Targeting Streptococcus Mutans Diadenylate Cyclase For The Prevention Of Dental Caries, Edwin Miguel Rojas

All ETDs from UAB

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the primary etiological agent involved in the initiation and progression of dental caries. S. mutans forms robust biofilms on the tooth surface, and current preventative treatments, such as oral rinses, eliminate both pathogenic and commensal oral species. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutics which selectively inhibit S. mutans biofilms while keeping the oral microbiome intact. The diadenylate cyclase (DAC) enzyme in S. mutans plays a key role in biofilm formation. DAC converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), a secondary messenger involved in several cellular pathways. Increased levels of c-di-AMP have shown …

Development Of Momordica Saponin-Based Vaccine Adjuvants, Hyunjung Kim

All ETDs from UAB

Vaccine adjuvants are indispensable substances that help induce a fast, potent, and durable immune response when administered with vaccine antigens. Among the FDA-approved vaccine adjuvants for human use, three of the most recently approved ones contain saponin adjuvant QS-21. To address QS-21’s inherent drawbacks, we investigated the adjuvant activity of a series of saponin-based semisynthetic vaccine adjuvants, including VSA-1 and VSA-2, prepared from natural Momordica saponins I and II in one-step. The natural saponins precursors are isolated from the widely available and inexpensive seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis SPRENG. In general, VSA adjuvants can enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses …

Targeted Inhibition Of Aurora Kinase A Promotes Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Efficacy In Human Papillomavirus-Driven Cancers, Soma Ghosh, Madison P O'Hara, Pragya Sinha, Tuhina Mazumdar, Lacin Yapindi, Jagannadha K Sastry, Faye M Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven cancers include head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cervical cancer and represent approximately 5% of all cancer cases worldwide. Standard-of-care chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with adverse effects and limited responses in patients with HPV-driven cancers. The integration of targeted therapies with ICIs may improve outcomes. In a previous study, we demonstrated that Aurora kinase A (AURKA, Aurora A) inhibitors lead to apoptosis of human HPV-positive cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we explored the potential of Aurora A inhibition to enhance response to ICIs in immune-competent …

Impact Of Point-Of-Care Testing On Diagnosis, Treatment, And Surveillance Of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections, Kirthika Lakshmanan, Benjamin M. Liu

Student Publications

With the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these viruses is critical to patient care and public health. Point-of-care (POC) viral diagnostics tools have brought significant improvements in the detection and management of VPVIs. These cutting-edge technologies enable prompt and accurate results, enhancing patient care by facilitating timely treatment decisions. This review delves into the advancements in POC testing, including antigen/antibody detection and molecular assays, while focusing …

Education Strategies Are The Most Commonly Used In Pediatric Rehabilitation Implementation Research: A Scoping Review, Sahar Ghahramani, Sophia C Larson, Allison J L'Hotta, Kelly M Harris, Kim Lipsey, Elvin H Geng, Lisa A Juckett, Catherine R Hoyt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Approximately one in six children has a disability, and effective, evidence-based rehabilitation can ameliorate the impact of these conditions over the lifespan. However, implementing interventions in real-world settings remains a challenge. This scoping review aimed to summarize the characteristics, implementation strategies, and outcomes of implementation studies in pediatric rehabilitation.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from the database inception to December 2, 2022. Studies testing implementation strategies in pediatric rehabilitation interventions were included. Data extracted included study characteristics (e.g., country, intervention type, field of rehabilitation), implementation strategies characterized using the …

Evaluation Of Green Tea Yoghurt Enriched With Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei E1 Microcapsules On Macrophage M1 Profile In High Fat-Fructose Diet Mice, Esha Ardiansyah, Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa’Adah, Rahmi Izati, Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah, Dawama Nur Fadlilah, Septhyanti Aprilia Kavitarna, Mochammad Fitri Atho’Illah, Siti Nur Arifah, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko, Muhaimin Rifa’I

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Obesity is caused by an energy imbalance that increases chronic low-grade inflammation, including macrophage cell infiltration. Adipose tissue macrophages are polarized into pro-inflammatory macrophage type 1 (M1), secrete large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activate transcription factors. Yoghurt with probiotics is popular at all ages for its health benefits and must be protected by microencapsulation. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fortification provides yoghurt nutrients while improving its functional qualities and bioactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 in green tea yoghurt (GTY) on the profile of M1 macrophages in mice fed a …

The Wright Brothers And Their Genetic Susceptibility To Typhoid Fever, John D. Bullock, H Bradford Hawley

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Importance: Typhoid fever gravely sickened Orville Wright in 1896 and the disease killed his older brother, Wilbur, in 1912. The occurrence of typhoid fever among other Wright family members has never been explored.

Objective: To investigate the number of cases of typhoid fever in the Wright brothers’ family and determine if they had a predisposition to typhoid fever that might have had a genetic basis.

Methods: Biographical information concerning the Wright brothers was examined and a family tree was constructed. Using an estimated untreated case fatality rate of 20%, typhoid fever mortality data from decennial U.S. censuses (1850-1920) was converted …

Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis & Cervical Adenitis, Sonia P. Wheat

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The suffering of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is well documented and includes diminished quality of life (QoL), emotional/behavioral problems, fatigue, food avoidance and school absenteeism. As an example of childhood adversity, and because the model of pediatric medical traumatic stress demonstrates traumatic responses do not always subside over time, this study examined the psychosocial health of PFAPA survivors post resolution. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, the psychosocial well-being of PFAPA survivors was compared to children with persistent asthma and children without chronic illness or a history of medical trauma. Two validated parent-completed …

Mitigating The Impacts Of Future Climate Change On Urban Infrastructure In Alabama Through Updating Precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency (Idf) Curves, Kofi Ntow Opare

All ETDs from UAB

Climate change is set to profoundly impact urban infrastructure, causing increased flooding and storm damage, necessitating the reevaluation and adaptation of design methodologies to account for increasing precipitation extremes. This dissertation aims to enhance the resilience of urban infrastructure in Alabama by updating Precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, which are crucial for designing stormwater management systems, drainage networks, and flood control structures. Traditional IDF curves, derived from historical rainfall data, operate under the assumption of stationarity, an assumption increasingly invalidated by climate change. This research employs the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution and compares the efficacy of L-moments and Generalized Maximum …

Chronic Inflammation Compromises Natural Killer Cell Phenotype And Function In Myeloid Leukemia, Valeriya Kuznetsova

All ETDs from UAB

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are blood malignancies characterized by clonal expansion and a compromised immune system. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) revolutionized CML treatment; however, TKI discontinuation leads to relapses in half of the cases. Further, up to 10% of patients are TKI-resistant and develop a blast crisis resembling AML. Natural killer (NK) cells can clear malignant cells, representing a promising immunotherapy. However, NK cell activity is suppressed in leukemia, and the microenvironmental drivers of this impairment remain understudied. Despite this, the existing mouse models have not been tested to assess the effect of CML on …

Scalable Resonance-Based Multi-Coil Inductive Links For Wireless Power Transmission And Passive Sensing In Biomedical Applications, Reepa Saha

All ETDs from UAB

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has become a major health crisis, affecting up to 95% of the 38.4 million diabetes cases in the United States and costing approximately $327 billion annually. Current treatments mainly focus on symptom management rather than reversing the disease. However, clinical observations suggest a promising link between certain stomach surgeries, such as the removal of the upper stomach, and diabetes reversal within a year. This raises the possibility of anatomical changes influencing diabetes outcomes, though the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This dissertation is organized into three interconnected research segments, each contributing to a platform that deepens …

Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis & Cervical Adenitis, Sonia P. Wheat

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The suffering of children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is well documented and includes diminished quality of life (QoL), emotional/behavioral problems, fatigue, food avoidance and school absenteeism. As an example of childhood adversity, and because the model of pediatric medical traumatic stress demonstrates traumatic responses do not always subside over time, this study examined the psychosocial health of PFAPA survivors post resolution. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study design, the psychosocial well-being of PFAPA survivors was compared to children with persistent asthma and children without chronic illness or a history of medical trauma. Two validated parent-completed …

Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia, Septic Arthritis, And Pyomyositis In A Young Male: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Lorena Bonilla

All Publications

We share a case of a 38-year-old male with a history of hypertension and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) who was admitted for septic arthritis of the left sacroiliac joint, pyomyositis, and associated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. The patient presented with left hip pain, fever, tachycardia, and leukocytosis. A physical exam revealed left lateral hip tenderness and limited range of motion. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed left sacroiliac septic arthritis, inflammation of multiple muscles consistent with pyomyositis, and a presacral abscess. Blood cultures and polymerase chain reaction results confirmed MSSA bacteremia, though no common predisposing risk …

Recurrent And Metastatic Head And Neck Cancer: Mechanisms Of Treatment Failure, Treatment Paradigms, And New Horizons, William T. Barham, Marshall Patrick Stagg, Rula Mualla, Michael Dileo, Sagar Kansara

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Head and neck cancer is a deadly disease with over 500,000 cases annually worldwide. Metastatic head and neck cancer accounts for a large proportion of the mortality associated with this disease. Many advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis. The application of immunotherapy to locally recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer has not only improved oncologic outcomes but has also provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of immune evasion and ultimately treatment failure. Objectives: This review paper will review our current understanding of biological mechanisms of treatment failure and metastasis. Published and ongoing …

Can Clinical Findings At Admission Allow Withholding Of Antibiotics In Patients Hospitalized For Community Acquired Pneumonia When A Test For A Respiratory Virus Is Positive?, Ryan Ward, Alejandro J Gonzalez, Justin A Kahla, Daniel M Musher

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend empiric antibiotic therapy for patients who require hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We sought to determine whether clinical, imaging or laboratory features in patients hospitalized for CAP in whom PCR is positive for a respiratory virus enable exclusion of bacterial coinfection so that antibiotics can be withheld.

METHODS: For this prospective study, we selected patients in whom an etiologic diagnosis was likely to be reached, namely those who provided a high-quality sputum sample at or shortly after admission, and in whom PCR was done to test for a respiratory virus. We performed quantitative bacteriologic studies on …

Poor Outcome Of Rare Lactobacillus Bacteremia And Endocarditis In A Patient With Frequent Consumption Of Live Culture Yogurts, Paul Wasuwanich, Logan B. Brickner, Mark S. Rasnake, Rebecca J. Witherell

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in dairy products and used as a probiotic due to its resistance to acid and bile. While generally considered safe, rare cases of L. rhamnosus bacteremia and endocarditis have been reported, primarily in individuals with significant risk factors. This case discusses an elderly male with a history of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and asthma, who developed L. rhamnosus bacteremia and endocarditis after consuming large quantities of Greek yogurt. The patient initially presented with fatigue, myalgias, and fever, and was treated empirically with cefepime and vancomycin. On that occasion, blood cultures recovered L. rhamnosus …

Proteus Mirabilis: An Unlikely Device-Related Infection, Mark A. Colantonio, Michelle Hartzell D.O, Brooke Shannon D.O.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Implantable cardiac devices, including cardiac pacemakers, are not without risk for infection, carrying a mortality and morbidity of around 5-15%. Gram positive organisms are most common in 91% of cases, whereas gram negative organisms are less common, found in 2% of cases secondary to gram negative organisms other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we present a rare case of the gram-negative organism Proteus mirabilis leading to a pacemaker site infection.

A Rare Case Of Infective Endocarditis Caused By Aerococcus Urinae, Benjamin Ossai, Shadan Mehraban, Jonathan London, Nicholas Spetsieris, Zubin Tharayil, Manoj Trehan, Balaji Pratap

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Aerococcus urinae is an alpha-hemolytic gram-positive catalase-negative coccus that typically causes urinary tract infections. It has been rarely implicated in other invasive infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, peritonitis, meningitis, and vertebral osteomyelitis. There are approximately 50 reported cases of A. urinae infective endocarditis in literature. We present a rare case of a 64-year-old male who was found to have a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and endocarditis caused by A. urinae.

Effectiveness And Safety Of Shorter Treatment Regimen Containing Bedaquiline In Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Hardiyono Hardiyono, Oki N. Putra, Nur Indah, Adi Larasati

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Bedaquiline have been included in the shorter treatment regimen (STR) to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of STR containing bedaquiline. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of MDR-TB patients receiving STR between January 2020 and December 2021. Sputum culture was evaluated at six months (24 weeks) and the end of treatment. Measurement of renal and liver function test, serum electrolytes, and uric acid were evaluated to assess safety during six months of treatment. Treatment failure, death, and loss to follow-up were also recorded during the study …

Course Portfolio: Bios 443/843 Immunology, Nicole Sexton

UNL Faculty Course Portfolios

This course portfolio relates to the Fall 2025 delivery of BIOS 443/843: Immunology, cross listed as MBIO 443 and VMBS 843 and was prepared as part of the Faculty-led Inquiry into Reflective and Scholarly Teaching (FIRST) project. BIOS 443/843 is an upper division course that introduces Immunological concepts but also connects them to up to date literature in the field of Immunology with the intent of preparing students for careers in medicine and biomedical research. In Fall of 2025 this course was restructured to incorporate additional peer-to-peer learning opportunities and more distributed assessment styles, therefore was peer-reviewed to assess the …

Early Treatment Discontinuation In Patients With Deficient Mismatch Repair Or Microsatellite Instability High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Julien Taieb, Margherita Ambrosini, Emily Alouani, Sara Lonardi, Frank A Sinicrope, Marie Decraecker, Alice Boileve, Emilie Hafliger, Thibault Mazard, Simon Pernot, Pauline Parent, Javier Ros, Michael J Overman, Priya Jayachandran, Vincenzo Nasca, Lisa Salvatore, Rosine Guimbaud, Chiara Cremolini, David Tougeron, Filippo Pietrantonio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are recommended to treat patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pivotal trials have fixed a maximum ICI duration of 2 years, without a compelling rationale. A shorter treatment duration has the potential to improve patients' quality of life and reduce both toxicity and cost without compromising efficacy. Here we examine whether early treatment discontinuation (ETD) before 13 months in patients without progressive disease (PD) can lead to similar long-term disease control compared with a longer treatment duration (LTD).

Methods: To assess whether ETD is associated with similar outcomes compared …

Vessel Trajectory Data Mining: A Review, Alexandros Troupiotis-Kapeliaris, Christos Kastrisios, Dimitris Zissis

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Recent advancements in sensor and tracking technologies have facilitated the real-time tracking of marine vessels as they traverse the oceans. As a result, there is an increasing demand to analyze these datasets to derive insights into vessel movement patterns and to investigate activities occurring within specific spatial and temporal contexts. This survey offers a comprehensive review of contemporary research in trajectory data mining, with a particular focus on maritime applications. The article collects and evaluates state-of-the-art algorithmic approaches and key techniques pertinent to various use case scenarios within this domain. Furthermore, this study provides an in-depth analysis of recent developments …

Rethinking The Rise Of Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Call To Action, Benjamin A Weinberg, Caitlin C Murphy, David R Freyer, K Leigh Greathouse, Jan K Blancato, Elena M Stoffel, Julia L Drewes, Anne Blaes, John M Salsman, Y Nancy You, Hannah Arem, Reetu Mukherji, Priyanka Kanth, Xin Hu, Anne Fabrizio, Marion L Hartley, Marios Giannakis, John L Marshall

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Since the early 1990s, there has been a dramatic rise in gastrointestinal cancers diagnosed in patients under age 50 for reasons that remain poorly understood. The most significant change has been the increase in incidence rates of early-onset colorectal cancer, especially rates of left-sided colon and rectal cancers. Increases in gastric, pancreatic, and other gastrointestinal cancer diagnoses have further contributed to this trend. We formed a multidisciplinary Think Tank to develop a strategic, coordinated approach to studying early-onset gastrointestinal cancers. This area of research is challenging given multifactorial etiologies. We focused on epidemiology and the environment, the microbiome, and survivorship …

Genomic Data And Privacy, Candace T Myers, Runjun D Kumar, Lisa Pilgram, Luca Bonomi, Mara Thomas, Obi L Griffith, Stephanie M Fullerton, Richard A Gibbs

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Rapid Viral Suppression Using Integrase Inhibitors During Acute Hiv-1 Infection, Mehri S Mckellar, Jessica R Keys, Lindsey M Filiatreau, Kara S Mcgee, Joann D Kuruc, Guido Ferrari, David M Margolis, Joseph J Eron, Charles B Hicks, Cynthia L Gay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all individuals with HIV infection, including those with acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). While recommendations are similar to those for chronic infection, efficacy data regarding treatment of acute HIV is limited.

METHODS: This was a single arm, 96-week study of a once-daily integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen using elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) in AHI. Primary endpoint was proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL by treatment weeks 24 and 48, respectively. We also examined time to viral suppression and weight gain after treatment initiation. Outcomes and characteristics were compared with a historical AHI cohort using a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF).

RESULTS: Thirty-three participants with AHI were enrolled with 31 available for analyses. Most were African American (61%) and men who have sex with men (73%). Median age was 26 (IQR 22-42). Demographics …