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2025

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The Evaluation Of Anti-Factor Xa Levels In Hospitalised Patients Receiving Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Lmwh): A Prospective Study, Tandzile Thandwayinkosi Simelane Jul 2025

The Evaluation Of Anti-Factor Xa Levels In Hospitalised Patients Receiving Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Lmwh): A Prospective Study, Tandzile Thandwayinkosi Simelane

Master of Medicine in Clinical Pathology

Background 

Patients admitted to the hospital have been reported to have coagulation abnormalities due to various factors including immobilisation, preexisting disease, and current illness. The overall incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in critically ill patients varies from 15% to well over 50%, even with the use of prophylactic measures in most patients. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) are the recommended drugs for VTE prophylaxis in inpatient care. Although not standardly recommended, the laboratory can offer monitoring of anti-Factor Xa using the gold standard method of chromogenic anti-Factor X assay. The anti-Factor Xa levels are notably affected …


Elisabetta Sirani’S Timoclea: Baroque Agency And The Aesthetics Of Feminine Rage, Shaylen Grace Gardner Jul 2025

Elisabetta Sirani’S Timoclea: Baroque Agency And The Aesthetics Of Feminine Rage, Shaylen Grace Gardner

Theses

This thesis examines Timoclea Kills the Captain of Alexander the Great (1659) by Elisabetta Sirani as a foundational example of feminine rage within the Baroque period. By framing Timoclea’s violent act not as an outlier or solely reactive gesture, but as a deliberate, composed assertion of power, Sirani constructs a model of feminine agency that defies patriarchal expectations of female submission and passivity. Through interdisciplinary analysis grounded in feminist theory, formal visual analysis, and retrospective cultural studies, this research argues that Sirani’s Timoclea exemplifies the Baroque’s strategic use of socially acceptable iconography to veil explicit challenges to gendered expectations. This …


Moderation Amid Resistance: African American Advocacy, Educational Equity, And School Desegregation In Botetourt County, Virginia, Katherine Blanton Jul 2025

Moderation Amid Resistance: African American Advocacy, Educational Equity, And School Desegregation In Botetourt County, Virginia, Katherine Blanton

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the historical and social dynamics surrounding African American education in Botetourt County, Virginia preceding, during, and following court ordered desegregation. Using historiography, the researcher incorporated archival resources, interviews, and oral histories to examine the African American leadership of the County Wide League and their steadfast commitment to provide equal educational opportunities for African American children in Botetourt County. Set against the history of southern segregation, white school boards, and massive resistance to the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision to desegregate in Brown v. Board of Education, the historiography represents the moderate stance of the County in …


Polaris: Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib For People With Braf V600-Mutant Melanoma With Brain Metastasis, Alexander M Menzies, Michael A Davies Jul 2025

Polaris: Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib For People With Braf V600-Mutant Melanoma With Brain Metastasis, Alexander M Menzies, Michael A Davies

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

POLARIS was a study to evaluate different doses of encorafenib plus binimetinib for people with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma with brain metastasis. The first part, known as the safety lead-in, looked at a high dose of encorafenib (300 mg twice daily) combined with standard binimetinib (45 mg twice daily); in the phase 2 part, patients were given the standard dose of encorafenib (450 mg once daily) plus binimetinib. In the safety lead-in, many patients were unable to tolerate the high dose of encorafenib plus binimetinib. Despite recruitment challenges in POLARIS, in the 13 enrolled patients with unresectable metastatic BRAF V600-mutant melanoma …


United States Governmental Assessments Of The Rise Of Communism In And Around The Republic Of South Africa, Stuart Ledbetter Jun 2025

United States Governmental Assessments Of The Rise Of Communism In And Around The Republic Of South Africa, Stuart Ledbetter

Voces Novae

No abstract provided.


Interprofessional Education Confidence In Health Professions Education Assessment: Are Learners Ready For Interprofessional Collaborative Practice?, Nicole E. Brown, Anthony J. Goreczny, Natalie Schirato, Jodi Schreiber, Sarah Jameson, Timothy Braun, Mary Dee Fisher Jun 2025

Interprofessional Education Confidence In Health Professions Education Assessment: Are Learners Ready For Interprofessional Collaborative Practice?, Nicole E. Brown, Anthony J. Goreczny, Natalie Schirato, Jodi Schreiber, Sarah Jameson, Timothy Braun, Mary Dee Fisher

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Interprofessional education (IPE) is critical to developing skills necessary for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). Although much IPE research focuses on competence as an outcome, little research examines learner confidence in competence, which is likely to translate didactic knowledge into application of clinical skills. The current study aimed to assess student levels of confidence in skill competence related to the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies. Methods: Students from multiple health professions programs (nursing, occupational therapy, physical therapy, physician assistant, graduate psychology), graduate biology, and undergraduate programs participated in the study (N=188). The Interprofessional Education Evaluation of Confidence (IPEEC) …


Covenants And Security Pacts And Their Effect On Ending The Military Conflict In The Abbasid Era 132 – 193ah | 749 – 808ag A Historic Study, Mesaid Bin Mesaid Mohammed Alsufi Jun 2025

Covenants And Security Pacts And Their Effect On Ending The Military Conflict In The Abbasid Era 132 – 193ah | 749 – 808ag A Historic Study, Mesaid Bin Mesaid Mohammed Alsufi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Arts and Humanities

This study sheds light on the covenants and pacts of security to end up the military conflict in the Abbasid era (132 – 192AH). Some of Abbasid Caliphs had purportedly adopted a new political approach incorporated in concluding covenants and security pacts with state adversaries to end up the military conflict. Such approach had been attributed to the weakness of the military at the onset of emergence of the Caliphate, together with having multiple battlefronts and uprisings associated with the transfer of caliphate from the Umayyads to the Abbasids. Also, the factual reality of the adversary had rendered …


Digital Documentation Of Heritage Using Sfm: A Case Study Of Kusa Pasha Fort In Abu Qir, Alexandria, Fatma Ahmed Alashwah Jun 2025

Digital Documentation Of Heritage Using Sfm: A Case Study Of Kusa Pasha Fort In Abu Qir, Alexandria, Fatma Ahmed Alashwah

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- Heritage conservation plays a vital role in preserving historical and cultural assets for future generations. However, conservation efforts often face economic challenges, with limited resources available for comprehensive documentation and restoration. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of low-cost digital photogrammetry in heritage conservation by documenting Kusa Pasha Fort, a historically significant yet severely threatened site in Abu Qir, Alexandria, Egypt. Facing neglect, inappropriate reuse, and increasing urban pressure from nearby developments—most notably the planned New Abu Qir City—the fort represents a vulnerable cultural asset requiring urgent intervention. The research applies the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique using …


Where The Soul Belongs: The Search For A Meaningful Life Through Han Funerary Art — With A Focus On The Mawangdui T-Shaped Painting And Jinqueshan Han Tomb Silk Painting, Tong Su Jun 2025

Where The Soul Belongs: The Search For A Meaningful Life Through Han Funerary Art — With A Focus On The Mawangdui T-Shaped Painting And Jinqueshan Han Tomb Silk Painting, Tong Su

Theses - ALL

Perceptions of life and death are deeply embedded in the artistic expressions of a society, shaped by its cultural, philosophical and social environment. This study explores how funerary paintings from the early Han dynasty - the Mawangdui T-shaped painting and the Jinqueshan Han tomb silk painting - reflect evolving views of life and the afterlife under changing social conditions. While both paintings derive from the funerary traditions of Chu culture and Daoist beliefs in immortality, their differences highlight a significant shift: the Mawangdui T-Shaped Painting emphasizes ascent to the heavenly world through nature worship and ancestral connections, while the Jinqueshan …


The Role Of Langmuir Circulation In Coastal Flows Driven By Wind, Waves And Tides, Thathsarani Dilini Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Jun 2025

The Role Of Langmuir Circulation In Coastal Flows Driven By Wind, Waves And Tides, Thathsarani Dilini Herath Herath Mudiyanselage

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Langmuir Circulation (LC) is a wind and wave-driven process and is a key driver of vertical mixing and transport in the ocean. In coastal shelf regions, LC can span the entire water column, linking surface and bottom boundary layers and amplifying turbulent mixing. However, the influence of LC on vertical mixing and cross-shelf transport in shallow, tidally forced coastal waters remains poorly understood. This dissertation addresses this knowledge gap by developing a novel modeling framework based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, offering a computationally efficient alternative to more resource-intensive Large Eddy Simulations (LES).

The proposed RANS-based approach is first …


Love And Lust: A Philosophical Assessment Of The Morality Of Watching Pornography In Romantic Relationships Through Aristotle’S Concept Of Rationality And Virtue Ethics, Missy Gabrielle Magtibay Dimayuga, Kaisser Brent Sanchez Eufemio, Annika Almhyr B. Rivera, Aiyana Chantel Go Tuvilla, Maria Karla Ysabelle Ticzon Vesorio Jun 2025

Love And Lust: A Philosophical Assessment Of The Morality Of Watching Pornography In Romantic Relationships Through Aristotle’S Concept Of Rationality And Virtue Ethics, Missy Gabrielle Magtibay Dimayuga, Kaisser Brent Sanchez Eufemio, Annika Almhyr B. Rivera, Aiyana Chantel Go Tuvilla, Maria Karla Ysabelle Ticzon Vesorio

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

This study examines the moral acceptability of watching pornography while being in a romantic relationship. It explores the role of consent and intent in determining whether the aforementioned act is morally acceptable or morally unacceptable. Using Aristotle’s Function of Rationality and his Virtue Ethics, the study establishes that the moral acceptability of pornography consumption is subjective, and its acceptability is not dictated by a universal and unconditional moral rule, but is rather dictated by the perspective, situation, and dynamic of the individuals in a relationship themselves. The study argues that the act may be morally acceptable given that there is …


Houston And The Permanence Of Segregation: An Afropessimist Approach To Urban History, Derek G. Handley Jun 2025

Houston And The Permanence Of Segregation: An Afropessimist Approach To Urban History, Derek G. Handley

Journal of Texas History

No abstract provided.


Rethinking The Revolution: Reimagining The Relationship Between People And Power Through Rousseau’S General Will, Avah Jimaria N. Marzan, Terrence Luis M. Reyes, Miguel Jae P. Asido, Ma. Angelica Therese S. Abiera, Armione Kiera M. Magadia, Kataryna Theriz M. Dato-On Jun 2025

Rethinking The Revolution: Reimagining The Relationship Between People And Power Through Rousseau’S General Will, Avah Jimaria N. Marzan, Terrence Luis M. Reyes, Miguel Jae P. Asido, Ma. Angelica Therese S. Abiera, Armione Kiera M. Magadia, Kataryna Theriz M. Dato-On

DLSU Senior High School Research Congress

The 1986 EDSA Revolution was a pivotal moment in Philippine history, where Filipinos united to oppose the tyranny under the dictatorship of former President Ferdinand Marcos Sr.. However, the country still faces long-term instabilities in its aftermath. Thus, by accounting for the facets contributing to the discourse of the general will, the paper examines EDSA through Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s theory to ascertain whether political rallies are compatible under a social contract—an agreement concerning individuals’ rights and responsibilities to stimulate respectful coexistence and law adherence. This paper argues that political rallies are compatible if they uphold the general will and when the …


The Jurisdiction Of The International Criminal Court Over The Killing Of The Reporter Of Al-Jazeera Shereen Abu Aqleh, Rezeq Salmoodi, Mahmoud Al-Qarem, Ibrahim Khalid Yahya Jun 2025

The Jurisdiction Of The International Criminal Court Over The Killing Of The Reporter Of Al-Jazeera Shereen Abu Aqleh, Rezeq Salmoodi, Mahmoud Al-Qarem, Ibrahim Khalid Yahya

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

This research dealt with the issue of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over the murder of the journalist Shireen Abu Aqleh in Jenin on Wednesday morning, May 11, 2022. In this regard, the research addressed the various and possible scenarios in the issue of criminal jurisdiction in both its formal and objective aspects in terms of overlap, parallelism and separation between national and international criminal jurisdiction as well as the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction on the case in question. All of this was derived from the research problem represented by the conflict of criminal jurisdiction in the case …


Review: Give Me Liberty, Rachel Schwedt, Janice Delong Jun 2025

Review: Give Me Liberty, Rachel Schwedt, Janice Delong

Ages 10-12

Caring, Citizenship, Coping, Devotion, Dignity, Endurance, Fairness, Giving, Hope, Independence, Kindness, Loyalty, Maturity, Music, Patriotism, Responsibility, Selflessness, Self-respect, Survival, Trustworthiness, Citizenship, Coping, Devotion, Dignity, Endurance, Fairness, Giving, Hope, Independence, Kindness, Loyalty, Maturity, Music, Patriotism, Responsibility, Selflessness, Self-respect, Survival, Trustworthiness


Parameters Summer 2025, Usawc Press Jun 2025

Parameters Summer 2025, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Summer 2025 issue of Parameters. This issue consists of an In Focus special commentary, three forums (Indo-Pacific Challenges, Russia-Ukraine Issues, and Historical Studies).


Restoring The Primacy Of Army Mobilization Planning: Lessons From The Interwar Period (1919–41), Tim Devine Jun 2025

Restoring The Primacy Of Army Mobilization Planning: Lessons From The Interwar Period (1919–41), Tim Devine

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues that the US Army must restore the primacy of mobilization planning to prepare for the growing likelihood of a protracted large-scale war involving the United States. While the Army’s transformation initiatives have emphasized important tactical matters, this piece calls attention to critical strategic vulnerabilities associated with mobilization—one of the Army’s enduring core functions. The article identifies insights, challenges, and recommendations for contemporary leaders and practitioners by analyzing the body of thought on mobilization planning during the interwar period (1919–41) and drawing connections to the present day.


From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii Jun 2025

From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Summer 2025 issue of Parameters. This issue consists of an In Focus special commentary, three forums (Indo-Pacific Challenges, Russia-Ukraine Issues, and Historical Studies).


The Enduring Lessons Of Vietnam: Implications For Us Strategy And Policy, Martin G. Clemis Jun 2025

The Enduring Lessons Of Vietnam: Implications For Us Strategy And Policy, Martin G. Clemis

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues that the Vietnam War is a useful case study for assessing an enduring flaw in America’s approach to war. The United States suffered defeat in Vietnam because it privileged military strength and the pursuit of victory on the battlefield over other elements of national power. As in Vietnam, the wars America will likely face in the future will blend conventional and unconventional methods and use a carefully calibrated mixture of military and non-military means. The United States must situate its demonstrated strengths in conventional war fighting within a holistic framework or face similar strategic outcomes.


Women And Puritanism: Establishing A Theological And Philosophical Framework For Women's Legal Rights In Seventeenth-Century New England, Karen A. Jones Jun 2025

Women And Puritanism: Establishing A Theological And Philosophical Framework For Women's Legal Rights In Seventeenth-Century New England, Karen A. Jones

Masters Theses

Using the framework of the modified germ theory, this thesis seeks to discover how the intersection of theology, philosophy, and law reveal the rationale behind the state of women’s legal rights in seventeenth century Puritan New England. The study mostly focuses on 1630-1690, since these sixty years represent the limit of Puritan hegemony in New England. During the 1690s, the Crown forced the northeastern colonies to conform to common law and subsequently expunge their laws of any hints of Puritan biblicism. The conclusion will address the ramifications of this change. The main body of this work, however, takes up Marylynn …


Continuum Of Academic Collaboration: Issues Of Inconsistent Terminology In Multilingual Context, Cristo Leon Ph.D., James Lipuma Ph.D., Marcos O. Cabobianco, Maria B. Daizo Jun 2025

Continuum Of Academic Collaboration: Issues Of Inconsistent Terminology In Multilingual Context, Cristo Leon Ph.D., James Lipuma Ph.D., Marcos O. Cabobianco, Maria B. Daizo

STEM for Success Resources

Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics
1690-4524 (Online)


Dark Tourism And ‘Partial Religiosity’: Ontological-Aesthetic Pilgrimage In Camiguin Island, Philippines, Jan Gresil Kahambing Jun 2025

Dark Tourism And ‘Partial Religiosity’: Ontological-Aesthetic Pilgrimage In Camiguin Island, Philippines, Jan Gresil Kahambing

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This paper theorizes the contrast between dark tourism and what is referred to as ‘partial religiosity’ in the context of travel to selected tourist destinations on Camiguin Island, Philippines. Also called ‘thanatourism’, dark tourism is about visiting places that challenge the value derived from the association with death either from tragedies of naturally occurring catastrophes (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or typhoons) or disasters produced by humans (such as genocides and violations of human rights). Focus is on three spots that sufficiently fit the description of dark tourist sites in Camiguin in the sense of naturally-caused disasters, namely: the Sunken …


The De Mau Mau Conspiracy: The Specter Of Black Vietnam Veterans In The Exercise Of Police Power, 1968-1976, Ina Cox Jun 2025

The De Mau Mau Conspiracy: The Specter Of Black Vietnam Veterans In The Exercise Of Police Power, 1968-1976, Ina Cox

Dissertations

A forgotten and bizarre event encapsulates the violent decay that characterized the pivotal years the United States endured in the wake of the Vietnam War. Black veterans—guerrilla combat-trained, politically awakened by war, and disillusioned with the entrenched racial order at home—emerged as totems in a fearful, cynical political culture wracked by violence. Men overrepresented in the projection of American power abroad now stood as symbols of its fragility within, potential vessels of retribution for centuries of domestic and global oppression. This anxiety, merging with widespread protests and political upheaval, intensified the belief that American cities stood on the brink of …


Redeeming The Amazon: Development Discourses And Imaginaries In Manaus, Brazil, Beatriz Da Silva Falcao Jun 2025

Redeeming The Amazon: Development Discourses And Imaginaries In Manaus, Brazil, Beatriz Da Silva Falcao

Geography Undergraduate Senior Theses

In 1957, the Brazilian government approved Law No.1310, establishing a free port in the city of Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas. Politicians at the time argued that such a project was essential to help mitigate the unfortunate economic circumstances the state faced due to its geographical isolation. Ten years later, the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil expanded that mission through Decree No.288, thus creating what is now known as the Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM, Free Trade Zone, or FTZ), an area with a series of fiscal incentives to foment industrialization in the Amazon region. The Zona …


Structural Basis For The Substrate Specificity Of Helix Pomatia Amp Deaminase And A Chimeric Adgf Adenosine Deaminase, Gundeep Kaur, John R Horton, George Tzertzinis, Jujun Zhou, Ira Schildkraut, Xiaodong Cheng Jun 2025

Structural Basis For The Substrate Specificity Of Helix Pomatia Amp Deaminase And A Chimeric Adgf Adenosine Deaminase, Gundeep Kaur, John R Horton, George Tzertzinis, Jujun Zhou, Ira Schildkraut, Xiaodong Cheng

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Helix pomatia AMP deaminase (HPAMPD), an enzyme enriched in the foot muscle of the mollusk H. pomatia, exhibits deaminase activity on adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP). HPAMPD is the first member of the adenosine deaminase-related growth factor (ADGF) family to prefer the nucleotide AMP over the nucleoside adenosine. To investigate the substrate selectivity of HPAMPD, we determined its structure in both the apo form and in complex with the adenosine analogs pentostatin and pentostatin-5'-monophosphate. Structurally, HPAMPD adopts a fold similar to human ADA2, an ADGF family member. HPAMPD has acquired the ability to interact with the 5'-monophosphate group of AMP through polar and …


Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives On The Challenges Of Teaching Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Karen Denise Buchanan Jun 2025

Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives On The Challenges Of Teaching Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Karen Denise Buchanan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Early Childhood Teachers’ Perspectives on the Challenges of Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder by Karen D. Buchanan Ed.S. Mercer University 2017 MA, Mercer University, 2016 BA, Mercer University, 2012 AS Georgia Perimeter College, 2009 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University August 2025


The Role Full-Time Faculty Play In Retaining Students With New Initiatives Implemented By The Administration: A Qualitative Case Study, Kenyatta Collins Jun 2025

The Role Full-Time Faculty Play In Retaining Students With New Initiatives Implemented By The Administration: A Qualitative Case Study, Kenyatta Collins

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study explored the role full-time faculty play in supporting student retention within the context of new administrative initiatives at a New Jersey community college. Grounded in the framework of faculty as institutional agents, the research investigated how faculty understood their role, engaged with retention efforts, and perceived their alignment with institutional goals. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with full-time faculty involved in or impacted by retention initiatives. Thematic analysis revealed that while faculty were committed to student success, they experienced limited involvement in the development and communication of these initiatives. Participants expressed a need for consistent communication, …


A Neutrosophic Approach To Evaluating Self-Perceived Professional Competency In Dentistry Students And Graduates, Frederick Zevallos- Velasquez, Yessika Madelaine Abarca Arias, Juvita Dina Soto Hilario, Jairo Rafael Vidaurre Urrelo, Alejandro Chávez Paredes, Katia Medina-Calderon Jun 2025

A Neutrosophic Approach To Evaluating Self-Perceived Professional Competency In Dentistry Students And Graduates, Frederick Zevallos- Velasquez, Yessika Madelaine Abarca Arias, Juvita Dina Soto Hilario, Jairo Rafael Vidaurre Urrelo, Alejandro Chávez Paredes, Katia Medina-Calderon

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article addresses a key issue in dental education: how recent graduates and final-year students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) perceive their readiness for professional practice. The study explores these self-assessments amid uncertainty, especially due to disruptions in clinical training during health restrictions. Traditional methods often overlook the ambiguity present in human perceptions during crises. To fill this gap, the study applies neutrosophic Z numbers, a method that captures degrees of certainty, indeterminacy, and contradiction in responses. Five competency dimensions were evaluated, revealing overall confidence in professional preparation but significant uncertainty in …


Codifying Capital: Legal Power, Racial Hierarchy, And The Gendered Dynamics Of Law, Tavia Andrew Jun 2025

Codifying Capital: Legal Power, Racial Hierarchy, And The Gendered Dynamics Of Law, Tavia Andrew

University Honors Theses

This paper analyzes how law operates as a structuring force within racial capitalism by applying Austin Turk's "law as power" framework. It explores how legal institutions not only reflect but actively reproduce racial and gender hierarchies through their functions. Drawing from foundational work by Cedric Robinson, W.E.B. Du Bois, Angela Harris, Kimberlé Crenshaw, and others, this paper defines racial capitalism as a system in which economic exploitation is inseparable from racial and gender domination. The first section contextualizes the emergence of racial capitalism and its intersection with gender, emphasizing how bodies are commodified and governed through legal regimes. The core …


Having A Cow: Exploring The Economic And Mental Health Challenges Of Dairying In The Upper Valley, Ava J. Ori Jun 2025

Having A Cow: Exploring The Economic And Mental Health Challenges Of Dairying In The Upper Valley, Ava J. Ori

Environmental Studies Senior Theses

Until late in the 20th century, the dairyman was an influential actor in the fabric of the Upper Valley consisting of Grafton, Orange, Sullivan and Windsor counties (Rozwenc, 1981 & Weld, 1905). Dairy farmers were critical to both the economic growth of the region and the construction of a local identity centered around distinctive high quality dairy products. However, the dairy farmers responsible for the bucolic feel and scrappy independence unique to the Upper Valley are being traded in for massive operations lacking both quality of milk and the cultural intricacy specific to local dairies. In 1905 there were 4,173 …