Digital Commons Network^™

Antennas For Emerging Satellite Services, Jakub Przepiorowski

Doctoral

The NewSpace era has revolutionized access to space, driving advancements in satellite communication (SATCOM) systems and creating demand for low-cost, compact, and high-performance user terminals. This thesis addresses these needs by developing innovative antenna solutions tailored for user terminals designed for emerging satellite constellations and satellite Internet-of-Things (S-IoT) applications.

Understanding The Duty Of Competence For Attorneys Using Generative Ai, Anna C. Conley

Faculty Law Review Articles

Ethical duties appear poised to be the primary regulatory tool for responsible use of generative AI (“GAI”) by attorneys. This reality necessitates a clear understanding of what the duty of competence requires for attorneys using GAI. Recent state bar and American Bar Association (“ABA”) guidance have coalesced around a foundational concept of informed decision-making, which requires that attorneys have sufficient knowledge about the GAI tool they are using and the specific task at hand to make an informed decision that employing the tool for that task is in the client’s best interests. Competence also requires attorneys avoid automation bias and …

The Inevitability Of Adaptability - Comparative Contributions To Understanding Originalism, Anna C. Conley

Faculty Law Review Articles

What can comparative law teach us about originalism as a constitutional interpretation method? After synthesizing existing comparative analyses, this article seeks to redefine comparative law’s role in understanding originalism. When defining originalism strictly to require adherence to fixed original meaning, originalism is not used by courts anywhere in the world. Instead, courts use history purposively to understand the intent behind constitutional text as one of many methods of interpretation. Comparative works suggest historical constitutional interpretation has a complex relationship with rights, politics and culture.

Comparative law can provide not only descriptive understandings of originalism but also interrogate its mandate that …

Fixing Double Patenting, Mark A. Lemley, Lisa Ouellette

American University Law Review

The U.S. patent doctrine of "double patenting" allows an inventor to obtain many patents on obvious variants of the same invention as long as they file a "terminal disclaimer" agreeing that all of these patents will expire simultaneously. Two recent limitations on double patenting practice have led

to vigorous protest from the patent bar. First, the Federal Circuit held in In re Cellect that patents tied by double patenting must expire on the same day, even if one of the patents has received a patent term adjustment giving it a more-than-twenty-year term. Second, the USPTO proposed a rule (since withdrawn) …

Still Here: Reflections After Fifty Years Of Teaching Law, Ira P. Robbins

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Paradox Of Continuing Risk, W. Jonathan Cardi, Ashton Jenne, Chance Villarreal

American University Law Review

The continuing-risk rule is ubiquitously cited by Restatements, casebooks, and treatises as a core duty rule in negligence cases. Indeed, as this Article reveals, the rule has been “adopted”—in the sense that at least one court in a jurisdiction has applied the rule, and no court has rejected it—in thirty-one jurisdictions. In addition to the breadth of its adoption, the continuing-risk rule is also far-reaching: it imposes an affirmative duty to warn, protect, or rescue another from a risk if the defendant’s conduct contributed to the initial creation of that risk. Because most negligence cases involve risk-creating conduct by the …

Emergent Transcatheter Tricuspid Edge-To-Edge Repair For Right Ventricular Shock From Tricuspid Regurgitation In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Nicholas J. Valle, Amin Yehya, Animesh Rathore, Erich L. Kiehl, Matthew R. Summers

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Transcatheter tricuspid edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) is an emerging technology used to treat severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The pivotal trials demonstrating the safety and efficacy of T-TEER exclude patients with severely reduced left ventricular function (≤20%).

Case Summary

We demonstrate the use of T-TEER in a patient with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who suffered acute, torrential TR and subsequently developed cardiogenic shock as a complication of high-risk transvenous lead extraction. Why Beyond the Guidelines Currently, there are no guidelines addressing the nonsurgical emergent management of acute TR.

Discussion

The TriClip system (Abbott) may have certain advantages when used in managing acute …

A Prior-Knowledge-Guided Feature Selection Method And Its Application To Biomarker Identification Of Schizophrenia, Ying Xing, Godfrey D Pearlson, Peter Kochunov, Vince D Calhoun, Yuhui Du

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite considerable efforts to uncover the neural basis of psychiatric disorders using neuroimaging, few methods utilize intrinsic brain-derived knowledge, leading to limited specificity and discriminability in biomarker identification. To leverage the inherent characteristics within the brain, we propose a prior-knowledge-guided feature selection method to flexibly unveil discriminative and target-oriented biomarkers of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, we construct a constrained sparse regularization allowing for the flexible integration of diverse prior knowledge to identify sparse neuroimaging features linked to specific psychopathology. Additionally, we simultaneously integrate graph-based regularization and redundancy-removal regularization to further ensure the discriminability and independence among the selected features. Different priors …

Brazilian Psychiatric Association Guidelines For The Treatment Of Social Anxiety Disorder, Leonardo Baldaçara, Thales Marcon Almeida, Diogo Cesar Dos Santos, Ana Beatriz Paschoal, Aldo Felipe Pinto, Luiz Antonio Vesco Gaiotto, Diogo De Lacerda Veiga, Fabiano Franca Loureiro, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Roseli Lage De Oliveira, Quirino Cordeiro, Marsal Sanches, Antônio E Nardi, Antônio Geraldo Da Silva, Ricardo R Uchida

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders, is not well recognized. In most cases, SAD follows an unremitted and chronic course, affecting individual functioning in relationships, education, and work. Due to the disorder’s relevance in Brazil, guideline-based treatments adapted to the Brazilian social and economic context are needed. We conducted a systematic review assessing several treatment modalities for SAD. PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the Medical Subject Headings social anxiety disorder and social phobia. Of the 438 selected articles, 20 were selected. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered a first-line treatment for SAD …

Therapeutic Alliance In A Culturally Tailored Transition Program For Latino Young Adults With Autism And Their Families, Antonio F Pagán, Katherine A Loveland, Ron Acierno

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Latino young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face barriers to accessing culturally appropriate interventions that support adaptive functioning and family dynamics. Therapeutic alliance, the collaborative and trusting relationship between participants and providers, is a critical component of intervention success, yet its role in culturally tailored programs for Latino families remains underexplored. The present study examined therapeutic alliance in ¡Iniciando! la Adultez, a 12-week, culturally adapted intervention for Latino young adults with ASD and their Spanish-speaking parents. The program integrates Latino cultural values and language and consists of parent group therapy, young adult group therapy, and individual therapy sessions. …

Personal Jurisdiction’S Aberrant Theory Of Consent, Roger Michalski

American University Law Review

Consent has been a pillar of personal jurisdiction doctrine at least since Pennoyer. The Supreme Court recently strengthened this pillar by deeming a corporate registration statute to constitute consent. Consent to submit to a court’s adjudicatory power can now be unintentional, based on inaction, is irrevocable, does not have to be informed, is all-or-nothing, and is blind to power inequalities. Failing to say “no” at the right time in the right way means “yes.”

Such a theory of consent clashes with what consent means elsewhere. In other contexts, we are reminded that “no means no,” the “absence of no does …

The Software Inducement Paradox, Dylan Niederland

American University Law Review

Induced patent infringement allows a third party to be held liable for another’s direct infringement of a patent. For many years, inducement liability has been a hotly contested doctrine of patent law, specifically its applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Not unsurprisingly, vast literature exists covering the intersection of inducement liability and pharmaceuticals.

This Note takes a new approach, analyzing inducement liability as it relates to the software industry. Specifically, this Note criticizes the Federal Circuit’s holding in GlaxoSmithKline LLC v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. that a simple statement of equivalence is sufficient to induce users to infringe method-of-use patents that …

Generating Synthetic Malware Samples Using Generative Ai, Tiffany Bao, Kylie Trousil, Quang Duy Tran, Fabio Di Troia, Younghee Park

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Malware attacks have a significant negative impact on organizations of varied scales in the field of cybersecurity. Recently, malware researchers have increasingly turned to machine learning techniques to combat sophisticated obfuscation methods used in malware. However, collecting a diverse set of malware samples with various obfuscation techniques is challenging and often takes years, especially for newly developed malware. This issue is further compounded by a well-known limitation of machine learning models: their poor performance when training data is scarce. In this paper, we propose a new system for generating synthetic malware samples to augment imbalanced malware dataset. Our approach decomposes …

Complex Lives And Procedural Barriers: Detainees’ “Life Happens” Explanations For Breaching Orders, Natalie Gately, Suzanne Rock, James L. Finney, Cate Parry

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Australian bail system routinely permits most individuals accused of a crime to remain in the community while awaiting a court date under a range of conditions. However, statistics have indicated that a high number of bailees breach the orders placed on them, increasing police and court interactions, and resulting in additional charges. This project utilised the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia – Western Australia (DUMA-WA) collection to survey 230 police detainees about their orders and reasons for breaching recent orders. The results indicated that most understood their orders but disclosed a range of complexities which interfered with compliance. Qualitative …

Identifying Early Warning Signs Of Construction Labor Shortages, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Construction labor shortages constrain project-level objectives and national development plans. The goal of this study is to utilize the lagged effects of macroeconomic conditions as early warning signs of construction labor shortages. To this end, the authors adopted a methodology, encompassing (1) retrieval of publicly available data and preprocessing of construction labor shortage as the target variable and macroeconomic measures as the explanatory variables, (2) identification of short-term associations between shortages and economic cycles using the Granger causality test, (3) examination of long-term relationships between labor shortages and economic conditions using the Johansen cointegration test, and (4) estimation of the …

Material Suppliers’ Perspective On Collaboration In Industrial Construction Projects, Seogjae Choi, William J. O'Brien

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Material suppliers' involvement in construction project planning has been recommended as an effective measure to improve project performance by using their expertise. However, the recommendation is not universal, and some researchers disputed the value of early involvement of suppliers depending on material type. Moreover, prior studies considered main contractors' and owners' perspectives mostly in examining how to increase the involvement of suppliers. To add material suppliers' perspective, this study conducted interviews with experienced professionals from 16 material suppliers including standardized, make-to-order, and custom products. The results are specified by separating the type of materials and sub-phases of planning. The results …

Polarimetry Based Radar Estimation Of Extreme Rainfall: Case Studies, Bong Chul Seo, Witold F. Krajewski, James A. Smith

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The study evaluated radar-derived polarimetric rainfall estimates for extreme rain events that occurred in the Kansas City Metropolitan area in the United States. To derive quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE), we implemented two polarimetric algorithms based on specific attenuation (A) and specific differential phase (KDP), along with the reflectivity (Z) based one using data from two radars in the study area. The analysis to assess radar-rainfall estimates (R) utilizes ground observations from a dense network of about 170 rain gauges. Based on our analysis results, the two polarimetric estimates from R(A) and R(KDP) outperform the conventional estimation R(Z). R(A) appeared to …

Ibis Model Simulation Accuracy Improvement With Slew Rate Correction, Yifan Ding, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The accuracy of Power-Supply-Induced Jitter (PSIJ) simulation in Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) models is critical for ensuring robust high-speed signal integrity analysis, but it lacks accuracy in predicting the PSIJ when the pre-driver exists in the model. Previous studies have proposed methods to improve IBIS PSIJ simulation accuracy with pre-driver effect included in the IBIS switching coefficients modification process. However, these methods fail to accurately model the output waveform slew rate change with varied power noise. In this work, an improved modification method was proposed to incorporate power-aware characteristics into the modified IBIS model, thereby improving the accuracy of …

Balanced Benchmarking Of Zero-Shot And Rag Approaches For Biomedical Term Normalization, Thanh Son Do, Daniel B. Hier, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Normalization of medical concepts to an ontology is a key aspect of the natural language processing of biomedical text. It enables the mapping of medical expressions to standardized ontology terms and their identifiers, thereby enhancing the interoperability and computability of medical concepts. Although large language models (LLMs) can identify and standardize medical terms, they may struggle to accurately map ontology terms to their corresponding ontology identifiers. These challenges arise from the stochastic nature of LLMs, their limited exposure to uncommon ontology identifiers during training, and their lack of an integrated lookup mechanism. We generated test sets of synthetic terms to …

Measurement- And Simulated Annealing (Sa) Optimization-Based Inductor Model Coupled To Chassis, Junyong Park, Reza Vahdani, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In automotive systems, a metal chassis protects the components against the external environment. However, the metal chassis is conductive, which results in unwanted conducted emission (CE) coupling to electric components. An inductor used for power factor correction (PFC) is one of the affected components. When the inductor is mated with the metal chassis, the impedance of the inductor changes. It is also hard to predict the CE coupling due to the structure-dependent characteristics. That is, the CE coupling is not negligible and hard to clarify. Therefore, this article proposes an efficient modeling method for the inductor which is mated with …

Impact Of Voltage Regulator Modules On Power Distribution Network Impedance, Hanyu Zhang, Zhiping Yang, Alvis Hsu, Ryan Hou, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The voltage regulator module (VRM) impacts the power distribution network (PDN) impedance in the low frequency range. The effect of VRM is essential for reliable PDN analysis and simulation. However, the existing VRM models for power integrity (PI) simulation lack an in-depth understanding of the effect of the feedback control in the VRM. In this paper, the impact of the VRM control loop on the PDN impedance is investigated. The relationship between the VRM output impedance and the PDN impedance at the IC input pin is derived. The output impedance of a VRM is analyzed using small signal analysis. Eventually, …

Extended S-Parameter Model Of The Power Distribution Network For Rapid Coupling Predictions, Cody Goins, Aaron Harmon, Mckennan Starkey, Kristen Donnell, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power and return planes are part of the power delivery network of almost all modern high frequency printed circuit boards. These power and return planes can form the basis of unintended radiated emissions from, or radiated coupling to, these boards. Predicting coupling to complex systems is a difficult problem and typically reserved for full wave simulations. Recent works have introduced segmentation approaches that are able to predict coupling to complex printed circuit board designs by using pre-rendered segments and cascading these segments through a circuit solver approach. The extended S-parameter models used by the segmentation approach currently do not include …

Optimized Modeling Of Pcb Vias With Nonfunctional Pads And High-Frequency Behavior Up To 150 Ghz, Mehdi Mousavi, Kevin Cai, Chaofeng Li, Sathvika Bandi, Manish Mathew, Mehdi Khaleghi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents an enhanced closed-form approach for modeling and optimizing high-frequency PCB vias, implemented in Python and validated against industry standard tools such as ADS and HFSS. The model incorporates resistance alongside inductance and capacitance to capture frequency-dependent losses and integrates non-functional pads (NFPs), demonstrating significant improvements in signal integrity by reducing reflections and enhancing return loss, particularly at 100 GHz. The methodology extends the frequency range of previous models from 100 GHz to 150 GHz, ensuring compatibility with next-generation standards like PCIe Gen 6. Validation results show insertion loss deviations under 3 dB and consistent return loss across …

Modeling Of Slot-Backed Microstrip Line For Emi Applications, Jongsuk Hyun, Wenchang Huang, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Radiated emissions from the noise-generating components in modern electronic devices are a significant concern for both electromagnetic interference and RF interference. Shielding cans are commonly used to suppress emissions from noise sources, but accurate shielding effectiveness evaluation requires a clean, well-defined radiation source that can reliably mimic real emissions for repeatable measurements. Slot-backed microstrip antennas provide a practical alternative to loop antennas, offering zero height, low parasitic radiation, and seamless printed circuit board integration. This article proposes an analytical model for estimating the magnetic dipole moment of slot-backed microstrip structures. The model captures both the discontinuity effects and radiated characteristics …

Topology And Parameter Joint Identification In Imbalanced Low-Voltage Distribution Networks Based On Load Characteristic Propagation, Yanan Zhang, Gan Zhou, Huan Mao, Wei Gu, Yanjun Feng, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Low-voltage distribution networks often suffer from incomplete or outdated network records, making it challenging to obtain the topology and line parameters under actual operating conditions. To address this issue, a joint identification method is proposed based on the propagation of load transient characteristics. First, the principle of load characteristic propagation is elaborated, and the concept of coupling impedance is introduced. Second, a set of linear regression equations is established based on the changes in current and voltage of the terminal measurements before and after load switching, and then these equations are solved using the least squares method to form the …

Structural Analysis Of Multi-Domain Dynamic Systems Modeled Via Bond Graphs, Arnold A. Fernandes, Jonathan W. Kimball

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Structural Observability (SO) and Structural Monitorability (SM) are structural properties utilized to determine the state and fault-free operation of components, respectively, in a bond graph (BG) model. BGs enable qualitative system analysis, evaluating whether existing sets of sensors and actuators ensure Structural Observability (SO) and Structural Controllability (SC) without knowledge of parametric values. Furthermore, the analysis determines whether there are sufficient sensors available to identify component faults accurately. This work provides a framework for automated sensor placement in a multi-domain physical system while analyzing the SO and SM properties. The MATLAB Structural Analysis Toolbox (MATSAT) conducts sensor placement in a …

Centralized And Federated Heart Disease Classification Using Uci Dataset: A Benchmark With Interpretability Analysis, Mario Padilla Rodriguez, Eyiara Oladipo, Mohamed Nafea

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, highlighting the need for accurate diagnostic methods. This study benchmarks centralized and federated learning (FL) algorithms for heart disease binary classification using the UCI dataset, which includes 920 patient records from four hospitals in the USA, Hungary, and Switzerland. Our benchmark is supported by Shapley-value as well as Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) interpretability analyses to quantify feature importance for classification. In the centralized setup, various classification algorithms are trained on pooled data, with the Naive Bayes classifier achieving the highest test accuracy of 81.1%. Further, FL algorithms with four …

Ethics Vs.. Regulation: Converging Frameworks For Trustworthy Human-Centered Ai In Biomedical Research, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi, Tiffani J. Bright, Emily F. Wong, Donald Wunsch, Joan Peckham, Jason H. Moore

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The accelerating impact of AI in biomedical research is driving significant advances in precision medicine. As these systems increasingly shape health outcomes, the imperative to develop trustworthy, reliable, and ethically grounded AI becomes more pressing, particularly in addressing concerns related to data integrity, patient safety, and equitable outcomes. While the potential of AI to transform biomedical research is clear, its responsible integration depends on more than technological capability. Ensuring that these systems are aligned with societal values requires a dual commitment: the operationalization of ethical principles throughout the AI life cycle and the establishment of robust regulatory mechanisms. Ethics provides …

Active And Reactive Power Flow Control Of The Dual Active Bridge Converter, Lauryn Morris, Thomas W. Francois, Jonathan Saelens, Oroghene Oboreh-Snapps, Arnold Fernandes, Praneeth Uddarraju, Sophia A. Strathman, Jonathan W. Kimball

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Dual Active Bridge (DAB) is a reliable and efficient converter capable of providing bi-directional power transfer and galvanic isolation. An ac-ac DAB can control both active and reactive power flow. The present work introduces a combined feedback/feed-forward current control system, utilizing the calculated and measured converter currents translated into the dq reference frame, to control the output power. The system was simulated in PLECS to demonstrate the control algorithm's ability to track the dq currents and provide the necessary output power.

High-Frequency Accurate Dual-Side Equivalent Circuit Model For Transformers, Reza Vahdani, Junyong Park, Manish Kizhakkeveettil Mathew, Zhekun Peng, Chiuk Song, Hyucksu Kweon, Jiang Lijun, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study delves into the modeling of a transformer in the frequency range of 100 KHz to 30 MHZ. The coupling coefficient was considered as a function of leakage and self-inductance and incorporated in the optimization process of transformer modeling in the proposed method. The equivalent circuit focused on the critical aspects of leakage inductance, parasitic capacitance, and winding effects. At first, the winding effect of an air-core inductor over wide frequency range with both single-layer and double-layer windings was shown. Then an equivalent circuit was proposed to model a transformer over this frequency range. The comparison between the measured …