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Botanical Remains From The Excavation On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 127–131), Yoel Melamed
Botanical Remains From The Excavation On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 127–131), Yoel Melamed
'Atiqot
Carbonized remains of seeds and fruit mixed with sand were collected in Areas A and B of the Late Bronze Age site (thirteenth century BCE) on the southern beach of Ashdod. The majority of the identified remains were of grapes; other species are represented by a few seeds.
A Thirteenth-Century Bce Site On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Shlomit Israeli, Hamoudi Khalaily, Dror Segal And Israel Carmi, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Eldad Barzilay, Pirhiya Nahshoni And Eyal Tishler) (Pp. 59–122), Pirhiya Nahshoni
'Atiqot
The site is located approximately 4 km west of Tel Ashdod, about 50 m from the shoreline. Two areas were excavated: in Area A, installations identified as winepresses, as well as occupation levels, were found; in Area B, a mud-brick complex was uncovered. One tomb (T1) was discovered, and traces indicating the presence of other tombs were discerned north of the site. In the building and in the vicinity of the winepresses numerous pottery sherds were found, of locally-produced vessels, as well as Cypriot, Mycenean and Egyptian imports. Other finds included an Egyptian scarab, spindle whorls and loomweights, metal fishhooks, …
A Late Bronze Age Cemetery On The Coast Of Palmahim (Pp. 9–57), Eli Yannai, Ram Gophna, Shmuel Liphshitz, Yuval Liphshitz
A Late Bronze Age Cemetery On The Coast Of Palmahim (Pp. 9–57), Eli Yannai, Ram Gophna, Shmuel Liphshitz, Yuval Liphshitz
'Atiqot
A total of 23 tombs were excavated in the Palmahim Northern Cemetery, located on the shore, some 200 m south of Naḥal Soreq’s outlet to the Mediterranean Sea, just north of Yavne-Yam. The tombs were hewn in bedrock and lined with stone slabs, a method of burial that is almost unique in the Late Bronze Age in Israel. The pottery from the Northern Cemetery was in a fine state of preservation, pointing to various production techniques, such as knife-paring, slipping, burnishing and painting. The assemblage, dating between the late fourteenth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries BCE, includes local …
Underwater Ptolemaic Coin Hoards From Megadim (Pp. 1–8), Danny Syon, Catharine Lorber, Ehud Galili
Underwater Ptolemaic Coin Hoards From Megadim (Pp. 1–8), Danny Syon, Catharine Lorber, Ehud Galili
'Atiqot
In the shallow underwater zone adjacent to Naḥal Megadim on the Carmel coast, a concentration of bronze objects, among them coins from the Hellenistic and Mamluk periods, were discovered. The coins belonged to three hoards: 55 medium-sized Ptolemaic bronze coins (Hoard 1), probably from the joint reign of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy IX; 19 silver tetradrachms (Hoard 2), ranging from Ptolemy VIII to Ptolemy X (152/1–100/99 BCE); and 10 bronze coins that were found within an amphora (Hoard 3), dating between c. 180(?) and 168 BCE. It is likely that the Ptolemaic silver coins of Hoard 2 belonged to the …
Coins From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 127–131), Robert Kool
Coins From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 127–131), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
During excavations at the site of Ḥorbat Yagur, 132 coins were discovered, 49 of which were identified. All the coins, except for two isolated Roman Provincial types of the second–third centuries CE, are small bronze nummi, dating to the fourth and fifth centuries CE.
The Medieval Pottery From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 117–126), Yael D. Arnon
The Medieval Pottery From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 117–126), Yael D. Arnon
'Atiqot
The medieval assemblage from the excavations at Ḥorbat Yagur dates from the ninth (Early Islamic period) until the fourteenth (Mamluk period) centuries CE. The pottery was divided into two categories based on function: tableware and cooking ware, each further divided into unglazed and glazed wares. The pottery demonstrates that the excavated area was probably a dwelling.
A Settlement From The Roman–Mamluk Periods At Ḥorbat Yagur (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, P. 143), Kareem Sa‘Id
A Settlement From The Roman–Mamluk Periods At Ḥorbat Yagur (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, P. 143), Kareem Sa‘Id
'Atiqot
The excavation at Ḥorbat Yagur uncovered a settlement inhabited continuously from the Roman to the Mamluk periods, with a gap from the eighth to the first half of the ninth centuries CE. In Area A, two strata were discerned: Stratum II, comprising the remains of buildings, dated by ceramic finds to the Roman period; and Stratum I, comprising a wall dating to the Byzantine period. One-hundred twenty-nine coins from the fourth–fifth centuries CE were found. In Area B, four strata were discerned: part of a building in Stratum IV; fills of burnt earth in Stratum III; part of a building …
Glass Finds From The Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (Pp. 109–116), Yael Gorin-Rosen
Glass Finds From The Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (Pp. 109–116), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
More than 700 glass fragments were discovered in the Crusader bathhouse in ‘Akko, the vast majority dating to the Crusader period. Four very small cast-bowl fragments and a glass inlay or gaming piece from the late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods were also found, as well as a fragment of a Byzantine wineglass. Windowpane fragments form the largest part of the Crusader-period glass finds. They were all blown, with a circular or oval outline. Most of the panes were of poor-quality light greenish glass, some were colorless with grayish green, yellowish green, or other undertones, and 30 fragments were in …
A Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Pp. 71–108), Howard Smithline, Edna J. Stern
A Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Pp. 71–108), Howard Smithline, Edna J. Stern
'Atiqot
A Crusader-period bathhouse, which was exposed in the Montmusard suburb north of the Crusader city wall, is the first large verifiable Crusader-period structure to be found in this area. It was constructed directly upon remains of the Hellenistic city, with no intervening occupation levels. The bathhouse, only partially preserved in its western part, is of the hypocaust type, comprising a furnace, a storage and stoking room, a northern hot room and a larger eastern hot room. Its eastern part was very poorly preserved due to extensive stone robbing during the Ottoman period. The finds include fragmentary ceramic vessels, water pipes …
Remains Of A Byzantine And Early Islamic Rural Settlement At The Be’Er Sheva‘ North Train Station (With Contributions By Natalya Katsnelson And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–76*; English Summary, Pp. 140–142), Yigal Israel, Gregory Seriy, Oded Feder
Remains Of A Byzantine And Early Islamic Rural Settlement At The Be’Er Sheva‘ North Train Station (With Contributions By Natalya Katsnelson And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–76*; English Summary, Pp. 140–142), Yigal Israel, Gregory Seriy, Oded Feder
'Atiqot
Two areas were excavated, uncovering the remains of four buildings (Buildings 100, 200, 300 and 400). Building 100, a watchtower, was probably erected during the Byzantine period. Building 300, a farmhouse, included a kitchen, in which two ovens were constructed; numerous pottery vessels date the building to the late Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. The building also yielded fragments of glass vessels, a fragment of a small iron pruning-knife and archaezoological finds. Building 400, the corner of a farmhouse, included pottery from the end of the Byzantine period. Building 200, probably from the beginning of the Early Islamic period, included …
Wall Paintings From The Late Roman Or Early Byzantine Period In Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, P. 139), Talila Michaeli
Wall Paintings From The Late Roman Or Early Byzantine Period In Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, P. 139), Talila Michaeli
'Atiqot
Traces of simple wall paintings, painted in fresco technique with reddish brown paint, were found in Arcosolium Cave 4 at Ben Shemen. The depiction of a wreath might be connected with Christian funerary art, symbolizing the victory of Christ and his believers; however, the wreath may have framed an inscription with the name of the deceased or his portrait. The dating is difficult, since reddish brown monochrome paintings appear in Israel in tombs dating from the mid-third to the fifth centuries CE. Therefore, only a general date can be attributed to the paintings: the final phase of the Roman or …
A Greek Inscription From The Late Roman Period In Burial Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Pp. 67–70), Leah Di Segni
A Greek Inscription From The Late Roman Period In Burial Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Pp. 67–70), Leah Di Segni
'Atiqot
A Greek inscription, consisting of four lines, including the term “servants of Christ”, was found in a rock-hewn arcosolium burial cave (Cave 4) in Ben Shemen. The inscription was painted in red on a plastered section of the cave wall that had collapsed from above the eastern arcosolium. Based on palaeography, as well as the type of abbreviations used in the script, the tomb was used in the late third or early fourth centuries CE.
Burial Caves From The Early Roman–Early Byzantine Periods At Ben Shemen (With Contributions By Uri Baruch And By Israel Carmi And Dror Segal) (Hebrew, Pp. 19*–44*; English Summary, Pp. 137–138), Oren Shmueli, Eli Yannai, Yifat Peleg, Yossi Nagar
Burial Caves From The Early Roman–Early Byzantine Periods At Ben Shemen (With Contributions By Uri Baruch And By Israel Carmi And Dror Segal) (Hebrew, Pp. 19*–44*; English Summary, Pp. 137–138), Oren Shmueli, Eli Yannai, Yifat Peleg, Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
Four burial caves were discovered at Ben Shemen: Caves 1–3 are loculi (kokhim) caves of the type characteristic of Jerusalem and the Judean Hills during the Early Roman period; Cave 4 is an arcosolium cave, attributed to the Late Roman and early Byzantine periods. The kokhim caves yielded stone ossuaries—decorated with standard motifs characteristic of the period—and meager finds dating from the mid-first and second centuries CE. They were used as family burial place for the nearby Jewish settlement. Cave 4 consists of three arcosolia, each containing a burial shelf. The ceiling, the walls and the partitions of the burial …
The Glass And Small Stone Finds From A Roman Tomb At ‘Ein El-Sha‘Ara (Pp. 53–65), Ruth E. Jackson-Tal
The Glass And Small Stone Finds From A Roman Tomb At ‘Ein El-Sha‘Ara (Pp. 53–65), Ruth E. Jackson-Tal
'Atiqot
Twenty-five glass vessels were recovered from the Roman tomb at ‘Ein el-Sha‘ara, 19 of which are presented. Forty beads were also retrieved from the tomb, 15 of glass, one of faience and one of carnelian. Three stone inlays are made of quartz, agate and an unidentified stone. A glass spindle whorl was also uncovered. All the glass vessels were free-blown, some decorated with applied trails or indentations. The majority of the vessels are of colorless or greenish blue glass, a few are pale green or blue. Most of this assemblage represents the contents of a family burial tomb that was …
A Lead Coffin From The Roman Period At Ḥorbat Ohad, Kibbutz Bet Guvrin (With A Contribution By Natalya Katsnelson) (Hebrew, Pp. 11*–18*; English Summary, P. 136), Daniel Varga, Rina Talgam
A Lead Coffin From The Roman Period At Ḥorbat Ohad, Kibbutz Bet Guvrin (With A Contribution By Natalya Katsnelson) (Hebrew, Pp. 11*–18*; English Summary, P. 136), Daniel Varga, Rina Talgam
'Atiqot
In a tomb hewn into soft limestone (qirton) at Ḥorbat Ohad, a lead coffin and its lid were uncovered. Within the coffin were the bones of a female, aged 17–20 years and an intact candlestick-type glass bottle. The coffin is decorated with mythological scenes—a winged Eros hunting a lion, and drunken Heracles holding a drinking vessel while riding a carriage driven by two centaurs—as well as geometric and floral motifs. Similar lead coffins are frequently found along the Israeli and Phoenician coast, and are known also from inland sites. The decorative motifs on the coffin, as well as the glass …
A Roman Tomb At ‘Ein El-Sha‘Ara (Pp. 45–52), Tal Kayesar
A Roman Tomb At ‘Ein El-Sha‘Ara (Pp. 45–52), Tal Kayesar
'Atiqot
The tomb, which was crudely hewn in the hard limestone bedrock, was poorly preserved. Only part of a square central chamber and four burial troughs survived. The troughs contained the remains of over 16 adults and children. The objects recovered from the tomb comprise glass, ceramics, a three-legged basalt bowl, bone and ivory pins and needles, assorted metal items and jewelry, and various small stone finds. Such items are well-known in Roman domestic and funerary contexts in Israel and throughout the Roman world, and probably represent the personal effects of the deceased. The burial complex of ‘Ein el-Sha‘ara may have …
An Iron Age Ii Burial Cave In The Southern Burial Ground At Tel ‘Etun (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–9*; English Summary, P. 135), Sa‘Ar Ganor, Amir Ganor, Ron Kehati
An Iron Age Ii Burial Cave In The Southern Burial Ground At Tel ‘Etun (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–9*; English Summary, P. 135), Sa‘Ar Ganor, Amir Ganor, Ron Kehati
'Atiqot
The burial cave, hewn into the local soft chalk (qirton), comprises a central opening flanked by two carved doorposts, from which steps descend into a central, rectangular entrance passage. From the sides of the passage, three openings lead into three burial chambers (Nos. 1–3); Chambers 2 and 3 were found looted. Along the sides of Chamber 1 are hewn stone burial-benches, on which human bones and pottery vessels, characteristic of the eighth century BCE, were revealed; a headrest for the deceased was found at the end of each bench. The arrangement of the burial chambers indicates the presence of a …
Petrographic Examination Of Selected Pottery Vessels From Ḥorbat Duvshan (Pp. 37–39), Anastasia Shapiro
Petrographic Examination Of Selected Pottery Vessels From Ḥorbat Duvshan (Pp. 37–39), Anastasia Shapiro
'Atiqot
Eleven pottery vessels from the Late Chalcolithic site of Ḥorbat Duvshan were sampled for petrographic examination. The results revealed that the raw materials, both the clay and the temper, which were used in the production of the ceramic vessels, originated nearby. These raw materials most likely derived from the erosion and weathering of the Pliocene-Pleistocene basalts of the Golan Heights and the Korazim Plateau.
The Flint Assemblage From Ḥorbat Duvshan (Pp. 41–44), Hamoudi Khalaily
The Flint Assemblage From Ḥorbat Duvshan (Pp. 41–44), Hamoudi Khalaily
'Atiqot
A total of 184 flint artifacts were collected from the three excavated squares. The tool inventory from Ḥorbat Duvshan includes most of the types typical of northern Chalcolithic assemblages.
Tel Hanan: A Site Of The Wadi Rabah Culture East Of Haifa (Pp. 1–17), Hamoudi Khalaily, Alla Nagorsky
Tel Hanan: A Site Of The Wadi Rabah Culture East Of Haifa (Pp. 1–17), Hamoudi Khalaily, Alla Nagorsky
'Atiqot
A small-scale excavation was undertaken at the site, and two archaeological layers were discerned: Layer A, dating to the Iron Age, and Layer B, ascribed to the Late Neolithic period (Wadi Rabah culture). Within the Neolithic layer were two depositional phases, rich in archaeological finds; no architectural remains were identified. The material culture recovered in the Neolithic layer is distinctive and consists of typical Late Neolithic pottery and flint types, a few obsidian artifacts, several bone tools and some beads. The discovery of a thick occupation layer dating to the Late Pottery Neolithic period at Tel Hanan increases the number …
Ḥorbat Duvshan: A ‘Golan’ Chalcolithic Site In Eastern Galilee (Pp. 19–35), Howard Smithline
Ḥorbat Duvshan: A ‘Golan’ Chalcolithic Site In Eastern Galilee (Pp. 19–35), Howard Smithline
'Atiqot
The site lies in the center of the Korazim Plateau, which extends from the Hula Valley southward to the Sea of Galilee. Three squares were excavated: two (Sqs 1, 3) revealed the remains of very poorly preserved structures dating to the Late Chalcolithic period, and the third (Sq 2), a portion of a structure or complex rich in ceramic finds. The small excavation at Ḥorbat Duvshan is the first in the eastern Galilee to reveal definitive ‘Golan’ affinities: its ceramic repertoire is identical to that of the Golan in its distinctive dark, reddish brown basaltic ware and in its typology.
The Coins From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 91*–97*), Robert Kool
The Coins From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 91*–97*), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Eighteen coins were found in the vestiges of three structures on Jerusalem Street, Safed, and all were identified. Four Frankish-period billon deniers date to the 1160s–1250s: an Amalricus denier, a twelfth-century French Feudal coin, a Cypriote denier of Lusignan Cyprus and a thirteenth century denaro minted in the kingdom of Sicily. One Zangid and five Ayyubid copper fulus date between the second half of the twelfth and the first two decades of the thirteenth centuries. Eight Mamluk fulus date to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
Butchers’ Waste: Zooarchaeological Analysis Of A Crusader/Ayyubid Bone Deposit From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 99*–109*), Guy Bar-Oz, Noa Raban-Gerstel
Butchers’ Waste: Zooarchaeological Analysis Of A Crusader/Ayyubid Bone Deposit From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 99*–109*), Guy Bar-Oz, Noa Raban-Gerstel
'Atiqot
A small assemblage of 162 complete and fragmentary bones was retrieved from strata dated to the second half of the twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE. The faunal remains comprise predominantly domesticated livestock: sheep and goat (most frequent) as well as domestic fowl, cattle, an equid, a pig and a dog. In addition, a single shell fragment of a tortoise and two fish head-fragments were identified. The anatomical representation of sheep/goat skeletal elements seems to indicate a context of a butcher’s shop. The absence of burnt bones further attests to the excavated refuse being principally the leftovers of butchery deposits. More than 38% …
Glass Vessels From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 84*–89*), Yael Gorin-Rosen
Glass Vessels From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 84*–89*), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
The glass vessels from the excavation on Jerusalem Street, Safed were retrieved from a well-dated context, in a Crusader–Ayyubid building. They were attributed to the second half of the twelfth and the thirteenth centuries CE. Beakers dominate the assemblages, accompanied by bottles and flasks. The beakers are of well-known medieval types, distinguished by their decoration: mold-blown ribs or applied prunts. This glass assemblage reflects a tradition common in medieval Europe of using glass vessels predominantly for drinking.
Excavations Along The High Level Aqueduct To Caesarea Maritima (Hebrew, Pp. 107–149; English Summary, Pp. 124*–126*), Yosef Porath, Uzi 'Ad
Excavations Along The High Level Aqueduct To Caesarea Maritima (Hebrew, Pp. 107–149; English Summary, Pp. 124*–126*), Yosef Porath, Uzi 'Ad
'Atiqot
Salvage excavations along the central sector of the High Aqueduct to Caesarea were conducted in five areas (Areas 1–5). Area 1 was excavated at the foothills of Mount Carmel. Area 2 was excavated at the point where Road 4 cuts the aqueduct. Area 3 was located where Channel A was diverted into Deviation Channel D. Area 4 was opened on both sides of the modern breach of Naḥal ‘Ada, and Area 5, where Channel D joins Channel A. The High Aqueduct functioned continuously for about six centuries, until the Islamic conquest in 640/1 CE. It comprised three channels (A–C), which …
Safed (Zefat), Jerusalem Street: Crusader-Period Remains In The Vicinity Of The Castle (Pp. 45*–84*), Hervé Barbé
Safed (Zefat), Jerusalem Street: Crusader-Period Remains In The Vicinity Of The Castle (Pp. 45*–84*), Hervé Barbé
'Atiqot
The excavation on Jerusalem Street, Safed uncovered remains that once occupied a terrace on the western slope of a hill, below the thirteenth-century medieval castle. A detailed picture of the Crusader period emerged from the synthesis of stratigraphic analyses, Carbon-14 dating and the study of the various finds, i.e., pottery, metal objects, glass, coins and faunal remains. The pottery and glass finds date to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Coins from the construction, occupation and destruction layers all date to the Ayyubid or Frankish periods, between 1146 and 1243–1248 CE. Based on the numismatic finds, it is feasible to attribute …
Shells From The Excavation Of Yavne-Yam (North) (Pp. 39*–43*), Henk K. Mienis
Shells From The Excavation Of Yavne-Yam (North) (Pp. 39*–43*), Henk K. Mienis
'Atiqot
The excavation at Yavne-Yam (North) yielded several samples of shells, most of which were collected in the shell-pit in Area C. The shell material includes a mixture of marine, terrestrial and freshwater molluscs, belonging to 33 different species, which originated in three different regions: 24 species are from the Mediterranean Sea, 8 gastropods are local terrestrial species from the dune area between Yavne-Yam and Palmahim, and a single bivalve species is obviously from the nearby stream of Naḥal Soreq. It seems that most of the marine shells at the site were used as building material, e.g., as mortar.
Yavne-Yam (North): Geomorphology And Environment (Hebrew, Pp. 59–67; English Summary, Pp. 120*–121*), Oren Ackermann
Yavne-Yam (North): Geomorphology And Environment (Hebrew, Pp. 59–67; English Summary, Pp. 120*–121*), Oren Ackermann
'Atiqot
Yavne-Yam (North) is located on the coastal plain of Peleshet, on the border of the Rishon Le-Ziyyon and Yavne dunes, approximately 200 m from the coastline. The site is buried under sand dunes. Two representative sections were examined (E and W). In Section E, four sand units were identified, containing occupation levels (especially Units 2 and 4) that were subjected to an accumulation of sand. At the bottom of the dune (Unit 1), Late Roman-period pottery was found. In Section W, excavated to the west of the site, three units were observed: Unit 1 contained 94% sand; Unit 2 is …
A Roman-Period Fishing Station At Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 49–58; English Summary, P. 118*–119*), Jacob Sharvit, Dror Planer
A Roman-Period Fishing Station At Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 49–58; English Summary, P. 118*–119*), Jacob Sharvit, Dror Planer
'Atiqot
Excavations at Yavne-Yam yielded remains of fishing equipment. The finds included 12 complete, unmarked weights, which were cast in a stone or pottery mold; 24 lead droplets and shapeless lumps; 35 fragments of square-sectioned bronze nails—their heads flat and round, or pointed and thickened. Other metal artifacts in the assemblage include a bronze ring and a bronze sewing needle, possibly for sails. The lead weights and industrial waste were discovered together with coins dating from the second to the first half of the fourth century CE; therefore, the assemblage was dated to the Late Roman period. The variety of the …
The Pottery And Stone Vessels From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 31–42; English Summary, P. 116*), Eriola Jakoel
The Pottery And Stone Vessels From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 31–42; English Summary, P. 116*), Eriola Jakoel
'Atiqot
Excavations at Yavne-Yam yielded potsherds from the Middle Bronze Age and possibly the Late Bronze Age, and from the Persian to the Late Roman (third–fourth centuries CE) periods. Scant finds from the Byzantine and Ottoman periods were retrieved mainly from the surface. Stone vessels from the Early Roman period (first–third centuries CE) were also found. The Roman-period ceramic assemblage changes our understanding of the history of Yavne-Yam’s occupation, as they testify to extensive activity at the site during this period, which was only poorly represented in previous surveys and excavations at the site. A particularly striking feature of the ceramic …