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Glass Finds From The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 153–157), Natalya Katsnelson
Glass Finds From The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 153–157), Natalya Katsnelson
'Atiqot
A relatively small amount of glass was found during a trial excavation conducted in the Mamluk and Ottoman residential quarter of al-Wata in Safed. The corpus comprises several fragments of blown vessels and a few tooled bracelets. This assemblage of common household wares can be attributed to the Mamluk period. The bracelets probably also date to the same period, although they may be later, up to modern times. The glassware was probably locally produced.
Coins From The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 159–160), Ariel Berman
Coins From The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 159–160), Ariel Berman
'Atiqot
The excavations in the al-Wata quarter in Safed (Zefat) yielded a few out-of-context finds: a Late Roman coin from the fourth century, a Fatimid silver coin from the eleventh century, and a single Ayyūbid copper coin from the end of the twelfth century. Seven copper fulūs, minted at Dimashq and Iskandariya, represent the main Mamlūk period of the site (thirteenth–fifteenth centuries CE). Five copper manghir, minted at Dimashq and Egypt in the sixteenth century, represent a relatively short phase during the early Ottoman period.
Imported Pottery From The Late Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 143–151), Edna J. Stern
Imported Pottery From The Late Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 143–151), Edna J. Stern
'Atiqot
Sixteen small sherds of imported pottery vessels dating to the late Mamluk and Ottoman periods (c. fifteenth–eighteenth centuries) were recovered from the residential quarter of al-Wata in Mamluk Safed,. These sherds belong to ceramic types that are rarely found in Israel, comprising types originating mainly in Italy, as well as Spain and Turkey. Only few such imports are known from the archaeological record. It seems that the presence of imported wares at Safed is related to the fact that it was the capital and main administrative center of Galilee during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. This supports the economic importance …
Remains From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Hebrew, Pp. 73*–85*, English Summary, P. 165), Michael Cohen
Remains From The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Hebrew, Pp. 73*–85*, English Summary, P. 165), Michael Cohen
'Atiqot
The excavation on the lower western slope of the city of Safed (Zefat) revealed remains of three buildings built upon bedrock. The occupational sequence extended from the Mamluk period, when the neighborhood was established, through the Ottoman period and until British Mandate times. The finds included pottery, both local and imported, as well as glass finds and coins. These results correspond with historical sources that describe the zenith of the city of Safed in the fourteenth century.
Mamluk And Ottoman Remains In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 113–137), Hervé Barbé
Mamluk And Ottoman Remains In The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 113–137), Hervé Barbé
'Atiqot
The salvage excavation in the al-Wata quarter of Safed revealed that the development of this sector of the city began as early as the early Mamluk period. This is further reinforced by the Arabic historical sources. The pottery suggests that occupation began as early as the thirteenth century, with some vessels clearly dating to the Frankish period. The numismatic study adds credence to this conclusion. The historical data and the archaeological finds, including a seventeenth-century coin, hint that the site was also occupied in the first half of the Ottoman period; however, no building remains from this period were identified.
The Coins From The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 139–142), Robert Kool
The Coins From The Al-Wata Quarter, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 139–142), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Thirty-one coins, two of silver and the remainder of bronze and copper, were recovered from the al-Wata quarter in Safed (Zefat). Nineteen of the coins were identified. The earliest are two intrusive coins from the Byzantine period (fourth–second half of the sixth centuries CE). The remaining coins are mostly low-value Mamlūk copper denominations (thirteenth–fourteenth centuries CE), including two identical ‘fesse’ fulus of Lājīn. In addition, an irregularly-shaped dirham fraction was found. Such small silver fractions were minted in large quantities during Baybars’ reign at his Damascus mint and apparently circulated widely in medieval Syria. The latest coin is a silver …
The Crusader, Mamluk And Early Ottoman-Period Pottery From Khirbat Din‘Ila: Typology, Chronology, Production And Consumption Trends (Pp. 71–104), Edna J. Stern
'Atiqot
At Khirbat Din‘ila, pottery from the Crusader, Mamluk and perhaps, early Ottoman periods was uncovered. The majority of the assemblage dates to the Mamluk period (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE). This is the first Mamluk pottery assemblage in the southwestern Levant in general and Galilee in particular to be comprehensively studied, utilizing quantitative analysis and petrographic analyses. Unglazed wares are very common, comprising vessels used mainly for storing, transferring, preparing and serving food, and include handmade, wheel-made and mold-made wares. A large range of wheel-made glazed types were also found, consisting of cooking wares, table wares and oil lamps. A few imported …
Petrographic Study Of Selected Mamluk-Period Pottery From Khirbat Din‘Ila (Pp. 105–112), Anastasia Shapiro
Petrographic Study Of Selected Mamluk-Period Pottery From Khirbat Din‘Ila (Pp. 105–112), Anastasia Shapiro
'Atiqot
Twenty-seven vessels dated to the Mamluk period from Khirbat Din‘ila were selected and sampled for petrographic examination. The vessels were divided into four petrographic groups. It was found that all the soil types are known for their use in pottery production throughout human history, as are the use of quartz sand or crushed calcite tempers.
Khirbat Din‘Ila, Western Galilee: The Survey And Excavations Of Three Oil Presses (Pp. 37–69), Rafael Frankel, Nimrod Getzov
Khirbat Din‘Ila, Western Galilee: The Survey And Excavations Of Three Oil Presses (Pp. 37–69), Rafael Frankel, Nimrod Getzov
'Atiqot
The excavations at Khirbat Din‘ila revealed four occupation stages at the site, during the Roman, Byzantine, Crusader and Mamluk periods. During the Roman period, a square enclosure and an oil press (Oil Press C) of the beam-press type operated at the site. The pottery from this stage included mostly storage jars and fragments of a discus-type oil lamp. During the Byzantine period, three oil presses (A, B, C) were in use: Oil Presses A and B were of the lever-and-screw press type; Roman-period Oil Press C continued in use in the Byzantine period—its type could not be precisely determined. Potsherds …
A Bread Stamp From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Pp. 31–36), Leah Di Segni
A Bread Stamp From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Pp. 31–36), Leah Di Segni
'Atiqot
A pottery bread stamp was discovered in Stratum IV at Ḥorbat Ma‘on, dated to the end of the Byzantine period. The bread stamp has a disk-shaped base and a round knob handle. The handle top is decorated with a cross and the base of the stamp bears a Greek inscription that reads: “Blessing of (Saint?) Stephen”. The inscription indicates that the stamp was used for preparing buns that were handed out at a church as a memento of a visit to that church. It is proposed that the excavated complex at Ḥorbat Ma‘on included a church of St. Stephen and …
Coins From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–72*, English Summary, P. 164), Donald T. Ariel, Ariel Berman
Coins From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 63*–72*, English Summary, P. 164), Donald T. Ariel, Ariel Berman
'Atiqot
Of the 129 coins found at Ḥorbat Ma‘on, 56 could be identified. The earliest coins date to the first century BCE–first century CE through the first half of the third century CE—these may not be related to the settlement at the site. The coins from the last third of the third century until the first quarter of the fifth century CE seem to reflect the Stratum VI occupation there. Strata V–IV are represented by coins later than 423 until the seventh century CE. The remainder of the coins date to the late seventh through ninth centuries CE (Stratum III) and …
A Byzantine Monastery And Islamic-Period Settlement Remains At Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–62*, English Summary, Pp. 162–163), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Gregory Seriy
A Byzantine Monastery And Islamic-Period Settlement Remains At Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–62*, English Summary, Pp. 162–163), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Gregory Seriy
'Atiqot
At Ḥorbat Ma‘on, located in the northwestern Negev, three areas were opened (A–C) and six strata (I–VI) were discerned. The strata date from the Late Roman–early Byzantine to the Late Islamic (fourteenth century CE) periods. In Stratum V, dated to the late Byzantine period, a well-planned complex was erected, consisting of several buildings and at least two streets. The finds included local and imported pottery vessels. Gypsum stoppers were found in one of the rooms, two of them bore the embossed forms of a lion and a cross. The architecture and finds from Stratum V indicate that this must have …
Human Skeletal Remains From A Burial Cave In The Qidron Valley (Pp. 29–30), Yossi Nagar
Human Skeletal Remains From A Burial Cave In The Qidron Valley (Pp. 29–30), Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
Human skeletal remains were found in five burial troughs and one burial niche in Cave II in the Qidron Valley. They represent the primary burial of at least 27 individuals, including infants, children and adults of both sexes. It seems that the interred were part of the non-Jewish population that resided in Jerusalem during the Byzantine period.
Coins From Two Burial Caves In The Qidron Valley, Jerusalem (Pp. 25–27), Donald T. Ariel
Coins From Two Burial Caves In The Qidron Valley, Jerusalem (Pp. 25–27), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Eighteen coins, sixteen of which were identifiable, were found in the excavation of two rock-cut burial caves on the western slope of the Qidron Valley. Nine coins, dated from the fourth to the sixth centuries CE, may indicate the period of use of the caves.
Two Rock-Cut Burial Caves And Greek Inscriptions From The Qidron Valley, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–24), Boaz Zissu, Zubair Adawi
Two Rock-Cut Burial Caves And Greek Inscriptions From The Qidron Valley, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–24), Boaz Zissu, Zubair Adawi
'Atiqot
Two rock-cut burial caves (I, II), located at the bottom of the western slope of the Qidron Valley, were exposed. Cave I had been breached by antiquities looters in the past and was, therefore, documented only. Cave II was found sealed and was subsequently partially excavated. Two stone slabs (tombstones or tomb closing slabs) bearing Greek inscriptions were uncovered ex situ in the vicinity of the caves. Burial Cave I was dated to the Late Roman–Byzantine periods based solely on its plan. The architecture of Burial Cave II and the finds date its use to the Byzantine period (fifth–sixth centuries …
A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Middle Bronze Age Iic Near The Village Of Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, P. 161), Zach Horowitz, Doron Lipkunski
A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Middle Bronze Age Iic Near The Village Of Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, P. 161), Zach Horowitz, Doron Lipkunski
'Atiqot
The burial cave was used during two different periods: the Intermediate Bronze Age (Phase 1) and MB IIC (Phase 2). During Phase 1, the cave served for the burial of one individual, whereas in Phase 2, it served for the burial of approximately 25 individuals. The finds from the Phase 2 burial included prolific local and imported ceramic finds, an alabaster vessel, bone-inlay plates, faience beads, metal objects, and four scarabs and a cylinder seal. Following its use during MB IIC, the cave was abandoned.
Three Canaanite Design Scarabs, One Egyptian Obsidian Scarab And One Syrian Cylinder Seal From A Burial Cave Near Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Pp. 1–11), Baruch Brandl
'Atiqot
Four scarabs and a cylinder seal were unearthed in a burial cave near Ras ‘Ali, in Naḥal Zippori. Three of the scarabs are made of glazed steatite and one, of obsidian; the seal is made of serpentine. The three glazed steatite scarabs are locally made Canaanite products, while the obsidian scarab seems to have been imported from Egypt. The cylinder seal is a Syrian product that was imported from the Syrian coast, most probably from Ugarit. All the glyptic finds are typical of MB IIC in Canaan (sixteenth century BCE).
The Skeletal Remains From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (P. 115*), Yossi Nagar
The Skeletal Remains From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (P. 115*), Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
The skeletal remains from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel were in a very poor state of preservation. They were retrieved from contexts dated to the Byzantine, Early Islamic and Mamluk periods and include at least six adults, one subadult and one child.
The Glass Finds From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 23*–57*), Natalya Katznelson
The Glass Finds From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 23*–57*), Natalya Katznelson
'Atiqot
Approximately 2000 glass fragments, mostly small and of blown glass, were retrieved from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel, ranging in date from the late third to the fifteenth centuries CE. Most belong to two chronological groups: the seventh–mid-eighth centuries and the eighth–tenth centuries. The dating was based on fabric features and parallels from well-stratified sites. The Late Roman–Byzantine assemblage comprises common types. The late Byzantine–Early Islamic vessels belong to a well-known group, although a few newly discovered versions of local types were also found. While the assemblage includes a broad range of ornamented types, …
The Coins From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 59*–113*), Gabriela Bijovsky, Ariel Berman
The Coins From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 59*–113*), Gabriela Bijovsky, Ariel Berman
'Atiqot
A total of 1797 coins, 1264 of which are identifiable, were retrieved from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel. These include a hoard of 751 seventh-century Byzantine gold solidi that was deposited no earlier than the early 680s, indicating that such coins continued to circulate until ‘Abd al-Malik’s reform. The other 513 identified coins range from a fourth-century BCE coin to Mamluk silver dirhams and fractions. The Byzantine period (sixth–seventh centuries) is represented by a large and varied series of bronze coins of all the emperors—from Anastasius I to Constans II. The Islamic coins can …
The Oil Lamps From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 1*–21*), Alla Nagorsky
The Oil Lamps From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Pp. 1*–21*), Alla Nagorsky
'Atiqot
About 100 ceramic oil lamps, many of them complete, were recovered from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel. Most were found in fills that could not be related to a specific occupation level while more than half were found in fills in the ‘burial enclosure’. Almost all the lamp types, ranging in date from the Late Roman to the Mamluk periods (third–thirteenth centuries CE), appear in the corpus of the Hebrew University excavations at Bet She’an.
A Fatimid-Period Glass Weight From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 147–148; English Summary, P. 131*), Elias Khamis
A Fatimid-Period Glass Weight From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 147–148; English Summary, P. 131*), Elias Khamis
'Atiqot
A Fatimid-period disk weight, equivalent in weight to two dinars and made of honey-green glass, was found in the northern part of Building III. It bears a three-line stamp of Imām az-Zāhir, the seventh Fātīmid Imām. Similar glass weights are known from Egypt, but have also been found in Syria and Palestine. Some scholars have suggested that these are glass jetons, used as coins. A more widely accepted suggestion is that these are simply dinar and dirham weights.
Mollusk Shells From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp.149–151; English Summary, P. 132*), Frida Ben-Ami
Mollusk Shells From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp.149–151; English Summary, P. 132*), Frida Ben-Ami
'Atiqot
Five mollusk shells were retrieved from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel: Hexaplex trunculus, Glycymeris glycymeris, Spondylus gaederopus, Charonia sp., Tridacna maxima. Four shells originated in the Mediterranean Sea, and one, in the Red Sea. One specimen, the Charonia sp., is not found along the shore of Israel, and was most probably collected somewhere else in the Mediterranean basin, possibly Italy. One of the shells found at the site, H. trunculus, is known to have been used for dyeing in biblical times. The other four were used as decorative ornaments (beads), or as storage containers, …
The Ceramic Finds From The Late Roman To The Ottoman Periods At Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 65–146; English Summary, Pp. 129*–130*), Miriam Avissar
The Ceramic Finds From The Late Roman To The Ottoman Periods At Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (Hebrew Pp. 65–146; English Summary, Pp. 129*–130*), Miriam Avissar
'Atiqot
The pottery recovered from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel includes few Late Roman sherds; a rich Byzantine assemblage comprising local and imported bowls, cooking wares, storage jars, jugs and amphorae; an equally rich Early Islamic assemblage consisting of glazed wares ranging from Coptic glazed ware to double-slipped glazed bowls, ‘Kerbschnitt’ bowls, glazed and unglazed cooking ware, and plain vessels made of both reddish and buff wares, possibly produced on-site, as well as kiln wasters, lids, a pomegranate-shaped bottle, a zoomorphic vessel and jar fragments bearing incised inscriptions; a rich variety of medieval vessels, including …
Building Remains And A ‘Burial Enclosure’ From The Byzantine To The Mamluk Periods At Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (With A Contribution By Alexandra Sardoyev) (Hebrew, Pp. 1–63; English Summary, Pp. 119*–128*), Ofer Sion
'Atiqot
A salvage excavation conducted at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel, on the eastern margins of the city, revealed remains of four buildings, tombs and water installations belonging to eight strata. In the lowest two strata was a Late Roman and Byzantine ‘burial enclosure’ comprising a stone foundation (Stratum VIII), a burial cave and a cist grave (Stratum VII). Buildings were erected among the burials in Stratum VI and these revealed a number of alterations, made during the Umayyad period (Strata V–IV), until their destruction in the 749 CE earthquake. Abbasid-period Stratum III represents construction following the earthquake. …
The Coins From The Excavation At Lod (Hebrew, Pp. 41*–43*; English Summary, P. 221), Robert Kool
The Coins From The Excavation At Lod (Hebrew, Pp. 41*–43*; English Summary, P. 221), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Twenty-two coins were unearthed in the excavation north of Tel Lod, of which 17 were identified: 5 coins date to the Byzantine period, 1 is a Byzanto-Arab coin, and 10 coins date to the Umayyad and Abassid periods.
Petrographic Examination Of Medieval Pottery From Tiberias (Pp. 209–212), Anastasia Shapiro
Petrographic Examination Of Medieval Pottery From Tiberias (Pp. 209–212), Anastasia Shapiro
'Atiqot
Thirteen samples of the pottery from Tiberias were selected for petrographic examination. All sampled vessels date to the Crusader-period occupation of the building (Phases 3 and 4). Three petrographic groups were identified: Beirut Ware, Acre Ware and Tiberias Ware.
Remains Of A Public Building From The Byzantine Period And A Farmhouse From The Early Islamic Period North Of Tel Lod (With A Contribution By Nitzan Amitai-Preiss) (Hebrew, Pp. 23*–39*; English Summary, Pp. 219–220), Elie Haddad
'Atiqot
In a salvage excavation conducted north of Tel Lod, twelve squares were excavated, exposing finds from the Persian–Early Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. The finds from the Persian–Early Roman periods consisted merely of pottery and stone vessels. Two strata were identified from the Byzantine period: Stratum IIB yielded a segment of a flagstone floor belonging to a public building, and a few pottery vessels dated to the late third–seventh centuries CE; Stratum IIA comprised some architectural elements, a poorly-preserved lime pit and a plastered installation, as well as pottery vessels, a metal object and coins. The Early Islamic period …
A Unique Metal Object From Tiberias (Pp. 173–181), Myriam Rosen-Ayalon
A Unique Metal Object From Tiberias (Pp. 173–181), Myriam Rosen-Ayalon
'Atiqot
An uncommon metal artifact (a stand?) was uncovered in the course of public works in Tiberias. The object is an open cylinder, made of sheet-metal, perhaps bronze. Both the outer and inner surfaces are adorned with a band of painted decoration: the exterior surface depicts a scene of human figures, while the interior one is a beautiful inscription in kufic script. No parallels to Islamic painted metalwork have been yet discovered; however, our painted object should perhaps be seen within the wider context of the art of painting under the Fatimids.
Crusader, Ayyubid And Mamluk-Period Remains From Tiberias (Pp. 183–208), Edna J. Stern
Crusader, Ayyubid And Mamluk-Period Remains From Tiberias (Pp. 183–208), Edna J. Stern
'Atiqot
The excavation exposed five primary phases of occupation, dating from the Roman to the Ottoman periods. In Phase 5, accumulations containing Roman- to Fatimid-period pottery were found. In Phase 4, a building was erected, a small part of which was excavated; twelfth-century pottery was found, as well as some residual sherds dating to the Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid periods. Phase 3 continued the use of the Phase 4 building, with the addition of walls and the raising of floors; finds on the floor included pottery vessels, glass vessels and a stone mortar, all dating to the thirteenth century. Phase 2 …