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2025

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Teaching Agroecology Through Play: A Board Game On Companion Planting Using Agroecological Principles, Ashmita Das, Julie Capito-Hernandez, Estelí Jiménez-Soto Jan 2025

Teaching Agroecology Through Play: A Board Game On Companion Planting Using Agroecological Principles, Ashmita Das, Julie Capito-Hernandez, Estelí Jiménez-Soto

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Board games themed around environmental topics are promising tools for promoting awareness of complex sustainability issues, as the materiality, sociality, and multidimensionality of gameplay can help overcome some of the inherent limitations of more traditional learning formats. To explore the potential relevance of board games for communicating about agrifood system topics in particular, we designed and tested a game called Companion: An Agroecological Adventure, in which players take on the role of community gardeners who must apply both social and ecological principles of agroecology to cultivate a thriving garden plot. In this paper, we present the results of a study …


Food Sovereignty Among Migrant Farmworkers: The Role Of Agrobiodiversity For Autonomy And Resistance In A Mexican Coffee Plantation, Estelí Jiménez-Soto, Sanya Cowal, April Lopez Jan 2025

Food Sovereignty Among Migrant Farmworkers: The Role Of Agrobiodiversity For Autonomy And Resistance In A Mexican Coffee Plantation, Estelí Jiménez-Soto, Sanya Cowal, April Lopez

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Coffee agroecosystems represent the economic base for thousands of small growers and agricultural workers, as well as a significant proportion of many regional economies in Latin America. Every year, the production of coffee in this region attracts a great number of laborers and their families, particularly during the harvest season. Despite being essential workers in the food system, agricultural workers continue to be one of the most marginalized actors in the coffee production chain. Even with an environment of precarity, agricultural workers exercise their autonomy and food sovereignty—the process by which agricultural workers, in this case, define their food system …


Week 1: Overview Of Growing Up In Christ, Calvin University Jan 2025

Week 1: Overview Of Growing Up In Christ, Calvin University

Campus Ministries Resources

No abstract provided.


La Beauté Ignoble Du Cadavre. Regard Scientifique Et Regard Artistique Dans Thérèse Raquin D’Émile Zola, Shreya Patel , '25 Jan 2025

La Beauté Ignoble Du Cadavre. Regard Scientifique Et Regard Artistique Dans Thérèse Raquin D’Émile Zola, Shreya Patel , '25

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

No abstract provided.


Early Tissue Changes Linked To Diabetes: Insights From A Preclinical Model, Bryan Liu, Ramiro Cisneros, Estephania Garcia, Jimena Mora, Sumedha Guha, Evelin Rios, Krishna Prajapati, Danieli Rodrigues, Bhuvana Lakkasetter Chandrashekar, Claudia Biguetti Jan 2025

Early Tissue Changes Linked To Diabetes: Insights From A Preclinical Model, Bryan Liu, Ramiro Cisneros, Estephania Garcia, Jimena Mora, Sumedha Guha, Evelin Rios, Krishna Prajapati, Danieli Rodrigues, Bhuvana Lakkasetter Chandrashekar, Claudia Biguetti

School of Podiatric Medicine - Student Research

Introduction and Hypothesis: The aim of this study is to compare soft tissue morphology and fibrosis pathology of different organs between diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes causes soft tissue remodeling in organ systems including heart, kidney, spleen, and pancreas. Fibrotic remodeling is a common pathological mechanism seen in diabetes-related organ dysfunction. By understanding fibrotic pathology in rats, it serves as a foundation to develop lower limb models applicable to podiatry. These systemic changes caused by diabetes may also play a role in lower limb changes such as diabetic ulcers and delayed wound healing.

Methodology: Male Lewis rats (6 …


Leading The Church Out Of White Supremacy And Toward Biblical Justice And Reconciliation: A Leadership Approach Using The Arc Model, Keenan Tyler Jan 2025

Leading The Church Out Of White Supremacy And Toward Biblical Justice And Reconciliation: A Leadership Approach Using The Arc Model, Keenan Tyler

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

Seventh-day Adventist church members need to be equipped to respond faithfully to injustice in their communities, beginning with an understanding as to how to respond to systemic racism rooted in White Supremacy.

Method

This Doctor of Ministry project implemented an adapted form of Jamar Tisby’s ARC model—Awareness, Relationships, Commitment—contextualized for a Seventh-day Adventist theological and ecclesial setting. The immediate goal was to move beyond raising awareness of racial injustice to equipping congregations to actively resist systemic racism and dismantle the lingering influence of white supremacy in church life and mission. Over six interactive sessions, 18 participants engaged in historical, …


Transforming Pathfinder Acculturation Gaps: Confronting Intergenerational Cultural Conflict Between First- And Second- Generation Immigrants With Family Strengthening Workshops Among Scottish Mission Pathfinders And Their Parents, Njabulo King Ndlovu Jan 2025

Transforming Pathfinder Acculturation Gaps: Confronting Intergenerational Cultural Conflict Between First- And Second- Generation Immigrants With Family Strengthening Workshops Among Scottish Mission Pathfinders And Their Parents, Njabulo King Ndlovu

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

The immigrant population in the UK is rapidly increasing along with correlated increases in the membership of both the British Union Conference (BUC) and the Scottish Mission (SM) of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The Scottish Mission Pathfinder clubs (SMPCs) have many immigrant children. However, as immigrants’ home culture comes into continuous contact with the British culture, acculturation gaps between first- and second-generation immigrants tend to form naturally as a result of the differing pace with which these two generations acculturate. Adolescents are generally thought to adapt quicker. Parent-child miscommunication and disagreement on critical matters such as values, beliefs, and …


A Cross-Cultural And Inter-Ethnic Awareness Strategy For Members Of Ipswich, Colchester And Clacton Adventist Churches, Robin Johannes Lewis Jan 2025

A Cross-Cultural And Inter-Ethnic Awareness Strategy For Members Of Ipswich, Colchester And Clacton Adventist Churches, Robin Johannes Lewis

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

The three multicultural, multi-ethnic (MCME) churches in my district were facing tension among members from diverse cultures, ethnicities, countries of origin, and languages. Factions formed cliques and vied for leadership roles, while some groups appeared to dominate the worship services. Certain members became upset when people with difficult accents from specific language groups led out in services and could not be understood. Others shared their distinctive foods only within their own groups. Some members felt isolated and believed they lacked a voice.

Method

Nine seminars and workshops were organised to raise awareness among the MCME congregants about the causes …


The Mordecai-Esther Mentorship Initiative: A Cross-Gender Mentorship Model For Commissioned Female Pastors In South Central Conference, Latina Carriger Jan 2025

The Mordecai-Esther Mentorship Initiative: A Cross-Gender Mentorship Model For Commissioned Female Pastors In South Central Conference, Latina Carriger

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

In the South Central Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (SCC), while male pastors receive formal mentorship through the ministerial internship program leading up to ordination, female pastors—who are only commissioned and not ordained—often experience a lack of continued mentorship beyond commissioning. This absence hinders their professional development, limits leadership opportunities, and contributes to feelings of isolation. The current mentorship framework does not adequately support the ongoing growth of female pastors in a context where ordination is not extended to women, thereby creating a gap in pastoral leadership development and equity.

Method

This project utilized a qualitative case study design to …


Estrategia Para Atraer Y Retener A La Comunidad Hispana De La Primera Iglesia Adventista De Austin, Texas, Hadiel Perugorria Jan 2025

Estrategia Para Atraer Y Retener A La Comunidad Hispana De La Primera Iglesia Adventista De Austin, Texas, Hadiel Perugorria

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

The spiritual influence of the Adventist church in contemporary society is facing the challenges of a generation that is increasingly vulnerable and fragmented due to secularism and the ongoing pursuit of alternative sources of meaning. The community resists the commitment to be part of a Christian family where their lives are transformed and their abilities used for the benefit of others.  --The First Hispanic Church of the Seventh-day Adventists of Austin, Texas, faces the same challenge. The work carried out by the congregation was not sufficient to impact and reach the local community. The researcher's investigation during the years …


Clarifying Concreteness: Statutory Grants Of Standing After Spokeo And Transunion, Naomi Eid Jan 2025

Clarifying Concreteness: Statutory Grants Of Standing After Spokeo And Transunion, Naomi Eid

FIU Law Review

Article III limits the federal judicial power to deciding “cases” and “controversies,” demanding that a plaintiff suffer real, concrete, de facto harm to sue in federal court. In Spokeo and TransUnion, the Supreme Court clarified the outer limits of concreteness by making clear to plaintiffs that an injury in law is not an injury in fact. The Court largely grounded the decisions in the separation of powers, setting a tone that appears less deferential to Congress in its creation of statutory rights of action. A plaintiff does not automatically satisfy the injury-in-fact requirement whenever Congress grants a right and purports …


The Interchangeable-Part Structure Of Food And Drug Law, Adam I. Muchmore Jan 2025

The Interchangeable-Part Structure Of Food And Drug Law, Adam I. Muchmore

FIU Law Review

This Article demonstrates that nested tiers of interchangeable parts serve as the foundation for the regulatory programs administered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Core interchangeable parts used in FDA-administered programs include product categories, prohibitions on adulteration and misbranding, agency-registration requirements, current good manufacturing practices, product standards, marketing authorization requirements, postmarket requirements, and user fees. In each of these areas, Congress or the FDA has engaged in interchangeable-part lawmaking (IPL). IPL occurs when a government takes a portion of its law in one subject area and uses it as a model for its own law in another subject area. …


Dei And Antisemitism: Bred In The Bone, Suzanna Sherry Jan 2025

Dei And Antisemitism: Bred In The Bone, Suzanna Sherry

FIU Law Review

The article explains why no one should have been surprised by the antisemitism that exploded on college campuses after October 7, 2023. The article demonstrates that the worldview espoused by the DEI (diversity, equity, and inclusion) movement -- and its cousins, antiracism and wokeness -- is inherently and inevitably antisemitic. The antisemitism "bred in the bone" of DEI was bound to come to the surface eventually, and it did.


Prurient Interests: The Law Of Sexual Desire, Lawrence M. Friedman Jan 2025

Prurient Interests: The Law Of Sexual Desire, Lawrence M. Friedman

FIU Law Review

A recent book by George Fisher tries to explain the history of drug and alcohol laws in terms of social and legal norms against whatever can rob people of rational thinking; this article extends the analysis to laws about sexual behavior in the last two centuries, their rise and fall.


The Hunger Games: Food As A Right, Not A Privilege, Camesha F. Little Jan 2025

The Hunger Games: Food As A Right, Not A Privilege, Camesha F. Little

FIU Law Review

Despite the United Nations' explicit declaration that all humans have a right to food, food insecurity and hunger remain persistent problems in the United States and around the globe. The dystopian landscapes depicted in novels such as The Hunger Games and Parable of the Sower—societies crippled by poverty, oppression, and pervasive starvation—resonate with sobering contemporary realities. This Article examines existing food laws, food rights, and the current protections safeguarding the United States food supply from a humanitarian perspective. Ultimately, this Article argues that the human right to food must expand to encompass a right to healthy or natural food, and …


A Post Apocalyptic Romp: Designing Costumes For Phoebe In Winter, Emmalee Berger Jan 2025

A Post Apocalyptic Romp: Designing Costumes For Phoebe In Winter, Emmalee Berger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis will document the process of costume designing for Phoebe in Winter by Jen Silverman. It will examine the process from first read of the script through initial and final design meetings and to execution and production of the design. This will report on challenges specific to this production, such as nudity and violence on an academic stage, and the subsequent solutions. Phoebe in Winter was produced by West Virginia University School of Theatre and Dance in October of 2024. The design process began in February of the same year.


Monograph Available: Urban Coyotes As A Source Of Conflict With Humans: An Evaluation Of Common Management Practices Jan 2025

Monograph Available: Urban Coyotes As A Source Of Conflict With Humans: An Evaluation Of Common Management Practices

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is an announcement about the published monograph titled "Urban Coyotes as a Source of Conflict with Humans: An Evaluation of Common Management Practices." This publication, part of the HWI Monograph Series, is online and open access.


Factors Influencing The Discovery And Use Of Carrion By Vertebrate Scavengers From Human-Induced Mass-Mortality Events, Samantha J. Leivers, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Tyler A. Campbell, John M. Tomeček Jan 2025

Factors Influencing The Discovery And Use Of Carrion By Vertebrate Scavengers From Human-Induced Mass-Mortality Events, Samantha J. Leivers, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Tyler A. Campbell, John M. Tomeček

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Scavengers play critical roles in ecosystem health and stability, and both biotic and abiotic factors can influence scavenger guild dynamics. Carrion is often limited both temporally and spatially on the landscape, but mass mortality events (MMEs)—in which there is an influx of carrion biomass on the landscape—may result in different scavenger community dynamics compared to when carrion is scarcely distributed. In this study, we investigated factors affecting the discovery and use of carrion by a natural, unharrassed scavenger guild during wild pig (Sus scrofa) MMEs conducted at East Foundation’s San Antonio Viejo Ranch in South Texas, USA. We …


Advancing Digital Teaching Literacy: The M-Prae Model For Large-Scale Enhancement Of Primary And Secondary School Teachers, Youru Xie, Wan Xia, Caoyin Li, Yi Qiu Jan 2025

Advancing Digital Teaching Literacy: The M-Prae Model For Large-Scale Enhancement Of Primary And Secondary School Teachers, Youru Xie, Wan Xia, Caoyin Li, Yi Qiu

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

High-quality teachers are essential to building a strong educational system, with digital teaching literacy being crucial to their professional development. This study, informed by a review of existing research, addressed the need for enhancing the digital teaching literacy among primary and secondary school teachers. Utilizing the MOOC construction concept (Concept), MOOC teaching content (Content), and MOOC design and development (Development)CCD model and the large-scale capabilities of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), this study developed the M-PRAE model, which encompasses five components: building a MOOC, clarifying improvement problems, supplying digital and non-digital resources, implementing collaborative activities, and conducting multi-dimensional evidence-based evaluations. …


Effectiveness Of Multimodal Communicative Practices In Higher Artistic Education: An Analysis Of Contemporary Approaches, Mariia Tkach, Alla Kozyr, Mykhailo Mymryk, Nadiia Holubytska, Iryna Khomych Jan 2025

Effectiveness Of Multimodal Communicative Practices In Higher Artistic Education: An Analysis Of Contemporary Approaches, Mariia Tkach, Alla Kozyr, Mykhailo Mymryk, Nadiia Holubytska, Iryna Khomych

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The relevance of the study is driven by the fact that in today’s world, higher education is increasingly oriented towards interactivity and the utilization of various resources. The aim of this article is to explore various aspects of multimodality and formulate key communicative practices in higher artistic education. Addressing the stated problem is based on theoretical methodology, including methods such as surveys, analytical approaches including historical and hermeneutic analysis, comparative methods, and systematization. Research findings demonstrate that multimodality effectively enriches the learning process, fosters critical thinking, and deepens understanding of subjects. Digital technologies contribute to enhancing students’ technological literacy, preparing …


5e-Flipped E-Learning: A New Interactive Framework Of Speaking Instruction For Efl Learners, Dewi Surani, Yan Mujiyanto, Rudi Hartono, Zulfa Sakhiyya Jan 2025

5e-Flipped E-Learning: A New Interactive Framework Of Speaking Instruction For Efl Learners, Dewi Surani, Yan Mujiyanto, Rudi Hartono, Zulfa Sakhiyya

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

This case study aims to investigate the implementation of the 5E-flipped approach combined with an interactive e-learning module (5E-flipped e-learning) as a novel framework for teaching speaking skills. It focuses on how this model creates an e-learning environment that enhances EFL learners’ speaking abilities. A total of 23 law students were selected as participants using a purposive sampling technique with some specific criteria. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation techniques and were then thematically analyzed. The findings indicated that the 5E-flipped e-learning provides a new structured framework for improving law students’ speaking skills within a focused and …


The Effect Of Immersive Virtual Reality-Enhanced Experiential Learning On Middle School Students’ Knowledge Retention, Creativity, And Perceptions, Yang Liu, Xiaoxia Huang, Jing Lei Jan 2025

The Effect Of Immersive Virtual Reality-Enhanced Experiential Learning On Middle School Students’ Knowledge Retention, Creativity, And Perceptions, Yang Liu, Xiaoxia Huang, Jing Lei

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

While immersive virtual reality (IVR) shows promise as an educational tool, its effectiveness in facilitating cognitive achievement and learning experiences among young learners remains underexplored. This study adapted Kolb’s experiential learning theory to design, develop, implement, and examine an IVR-supported experiential learning model (IVR-ELM) within middle-school Arts lessons. Using a quasi-experimental method, quantitative and qualitative data indicated IVR-supported experiential learning facilitated middle school learners’ cognitive and affective outcomes. Quantitative results revealed significantly higher knowledge retention, creative design abilities, engagement, interest, and perceived competency in the IVR group compared to a traditional classroom. Qualitative data revealed students’ overall positive learning experience …


Teachers' Perspectives On Cultivating Students' Problem-Solving Skills In Higher Vocational Colleges: A Qualitative Analysis Based On The 3p Model, Xiu Guan, Yingqun Liu Jan 2025

Teachers' Perspectives On Cultivating Students' Problem-Solving Skills In Higher Vocational Colleges: A Qualitative Analysis Based On The 3p Model, Xiu Guan, Yingqun Liu

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Problem-solving skills are critical for students in higher vocational colleges as they prepare for future careers and life challenges. However, cultivating problem-solving skills presents significant challenges. This study investigates the development of students’ problem-solving skills from the perspective of teachers in higher vocational colleges. Fifteen teachers participated in semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the 3P model (Presage - Process - Product). Within this framework, the cultivation of problem-solving skills is conceptualized as a dynamic system comprising three interconnected stages. In the Presage stage, cognitive factors affect the effectiveness of skills development, while non-cognitive …


Enhancing Key Digital Competence In Pre-Service Kindergarten Teachers: A Design-Centered Spoc Blended Learning Model, Lingming Lu, Jirarat Sitthiworachart, Sirirat Petsangsri Jan 2025

Enhancing Key Digital Competence In Pre-Service Kindergarten Teachers: A Design-Centered Spoc Blended Learning Model, Lingming Lu, Jirarat Sitthiworachart, Sirirat Petsangsri

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

As our world becomes increasingly digital, educators must possess strong digital skills to effectively prepare their students for the future. However, traditional teacher education programs often neglect the cultivation of digital competence. To address this gap, this study developed a Design-Centered SPOC Blended Learning (DCSBL) model to enhance the digital competence of pre-service kindergarten teachers. The DCSBL model integrates elements of blended learning, design-based learning, and digital competency training strategies. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this model. The results indicated that the experimental group, which received DCSBL instruction, significantly outperformed the control group in terms …


An Analysis Of The Status Of Ict Integration In Tanzanian Teacher Colleges Based On The Samr Model, Renatus Makolo, Fredrick Ishengoma, Deo Shao Jan 2025

An Analysis Of The Status Of Ict Integration In Tanzanian Teacher Colleges Based On The Samr Model, Renatus Makolo, Fredrick Ishengoma, Deo Shao

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The preparation of competent teachers to apply information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching depends on how a student teacher interacts with ICT at their teacher’s college (TC). Tutors require instructional strategies that engage student teachers in the use of ICTs. The study employed the substitution, augmentation, modification, and redefinition (SAMR) model to evaluate the status of tutors’ ICT integration methods. A researcher collected data from 320 tutors across ten teachers’ colleges TCs. SPSS analyzed the results quantitatively through multiple linear regressions, tables, and charts. The results show that tutors integrate ICT at a low level (substitution and augmentation). The …


Gamification In Education: Its Impact On Engagement, Motivation, And Learning Outcomes, Hansika Ukgoda Jan 2025

Gamification In Education: Its Impact On Engagement, Motivation, And Learning Outcomes, Hansika Ukgoda

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Gamification, integrating game design elements into educational contexts, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 41 peer-reviewed studies published between 2012 and 2023, offering a comprehensive overview of the current state of gamification in education. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review evaluates the effectiveness of gamification elements such as points, badges, and leaderboards. Key Findings indicate that while gamification can foster positive learning attitudes and competition, its effectiveness depends on the context. The impact of game elements on engagement and motivation varies based on the learning environment and …


Revolutionizing Higher Education: A Literature-Driven Exploration Of Ai-Based Student-Centered Learning System, Hind Albasry, Dadi Chen, Abdul Rauf Jan 2025

Revolutionizing Higher Education: A Literature-Driven Exploration Of Ai-Based Student-Centered Learning System, Hind Albasry, Dadi Chen, Abdul Rauf

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing, driving improvements in performance and productivity across various sectors, including higher education (HE). Recently, AI has played a transformative role in enhancing student-centered education. However, recent studies indicate a lack of comprehensive understanding of AI-based student-centered education in HE and the key educational tools that underpin this system. This study systematically reviews the current literature from three highly reputable databases—ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and EBSCOhost—based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The key articles are derived and aligned with the predefined main educational tasks to derive key AI-based student-centered education tools. Accordingly, the holistic AI-based …


Development Of E-Module Based On Game-Based Learning To Enhance Students' Conceptual Understanding And Interest In Vibration And Wave Concept, Suci Indah Wulandari, Arif Widiyatmoko, Tiara Dwi Wulandari Jan 2025

Development Of E-Module Based On Game-Based Learning To Enhance Students' Conceptual Understanding And Interest In Vibration And Wave Concept, Suci Indah Wulandari, Arif Widiyatmoko, Tiara Dwi Wulandari

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

This study aims to determine the effect of using a Game-Based Learning e-module on improving students' conceptual understanding and learning interest. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The developed e-module was tested on eighth-grade students. Conceptual understanding was measured based on seven indicators: interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and explaining. Learning interest was analyzed through four indicators: interest and enjoyment in the material, motivation to learn, focus and attention during the learning process, and the level of participation, enthusiasm, and involvement of students. Data were collected …


On Becoming And Being A Criminal Defense Attorney, Steven B. Duke Jan 2025

On Becoming And Being A Criminal Defense Attorney, Steven B. Duke

Touro Law Review

Steven B. Duke grew up in a tiny farming community in Arizona. In college, he experienced injustice during an encounter with the police and decided to attend law school. As a result of his success at the University of Arizona Law School, Duke was offered a clerkship with Justice William O. Douglas for the 1959-60 Supreme Court term. As Duke describes in this article, working for Justice Douglas was a rewarding and demanding experience. Douglas, probably the most liberal Justice ever to serve on the Supreme Court, had a dazzling intellect and wrote many books on all manner of subjects. …


A Patent System For Temple Grandin, Andrew Chin Jan 2025

A Patent System For Temple Grandin, Andrew Chin

Touro Law Review

This article explores the intersection of neurodiversity and innovation through the lens of Temple Grandin’s contributions to livestock handling systems and her philosophical alignment with the U.S. patent system. Drawing on cognitive research by Simon Baron-Cohen, archaeological insights from Penny Spikins, and personal reflections, I argue that autistic cognitive styles—characterized by heightened “folk physics” aptitudes and visual thinking—have historically driven technological progress. Grandin’s patented inventions, motivated by sensory-based empathy for animals, exemplify how neurodivergent inventors seek to embed their conceptions of ethical utility into the nation’s technological infrastructure. The article critiques modern patent litigation trends, advocating instead for a system …