Digital Commons Network^™

Fluctuations In Alcohol Impairment Of Working Memory Across The Menstrual Cycle, William Mcgarrigle

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Behavioral endocrinology studies in women suggest that higher circulating levels of the ovarian sex hormone estradiol (E2) may be linked to better working memory performance, especially under conditions of cognitive impairment (e.g., age-related cognitive decline). Phases of the menstrual cycle characterized by different levels of E2 may therefore influence the degree to which women are vulnerable to alcohol impairment of working memory. The current thesis used a within-subjects design to test the hypothesis that women are less sensitive to acute alcohol-induced impairment of working memory when E2 is elevated during the menstrual cycle. A sample of 75 premenopausal women completed …

Disinhibition And Bac Estimation As Predictors Of Risky Driving Behavior While Intoxicated, Sarah Heymsfeld

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Alcohol-related driving fatalities persist as a public health problem in the United States. Recent studies have begun focusing on driver risk-taking as a factor in DUI occurrences and consequent driving fatalities. Key factors that could contribute to risky intoxicated driving are a lack of self-awareness concerning intoxication levels and consequent risk in addition to alcohol-induced increases in the driver’s impulsivity. Fifty young adult drivers received 0.65 g/kg of alcohol (target BAC = 80 mg/dl) or a placebo in a counterbalanced order on two different days and performed a simulated driving test that measured driver risk-taking as reduced distance to other …

Power Of Perception: The Role Of Perceived Caregiver Mindset Beliefs On Undergraduate Student Academic Engagement, Katherine R. Tanaka

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Promoting academic engagement is vital for college student success. Researchers have explored factors like growth mindset, the belief that intelligence can improve with effort, as a driver of academic engagement. Beyond personal mindset, students’ perceptions of key social influences, such as caregivers, also play a role. This study examined how undergraduate students’ own mindsets and perceptions of their caregivers’ mindsets relate to four components of academic engagement: behavioral and emotional engagement, and behavioral and emotional disaffection. Data from undergraduates (N = 1417) were analyzed using surveys, descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression, and exploratory moderation. Students generally reported both a personal …

Cognitive-Behavioral Effects And Sex Differences In Alcohol Use, Mia Radevski

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Addiction models (e.g., iRISA model) suggest that excessive substance use can result in behavioral consequences such as decreased response inhibition and increased salience attribution toward alcohol cues. The primary goal of this project was to explore potential sex differences in these characteristics of addiction. This dissertation is comprised of two separate but related studies. Study 1 investigated sex differences in inhibitory control and attentional bias. The central hypotheses are 1) women who reported heavy-drinking would display greater disruptions in behavioral inhibitory control following alcohol-related cues, 2) men who reported heavy-drinking would display greater attentional bias toward alcohol-related cues, and 3) …

Establishing The Feasibility Of Crowdsourcing To Study Value-Based Decision-Making In Substance Use Disorders, Thomas Shellenberg

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by repeated choices to use drugs despite adverse consequences. Value-based decision-making theory posits that choices are guided by predicted values of available options which are updated based on outcomes. Computational modeling of reinforcement learning (RL) during choice tasks has shown promise for uncovering latent mechanisms of decision-making. Recruiting people with SUD is difficult, but crowdsourcing offers an alternative for accelerating data collection. However, the validity of computational modeling using online choice task data has not been well-established. This thesis aimed to use the online crowdsourcing platform Prolific to 1) compare online and in-person choice …

Menstrual Cycle Phase And Hormonal Effects On Emotional Eating In Females With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Urveesha Nirjar

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Previous research has shown that cyclical fluctuations in ovarian hormones can predict changes in ADHD symptoms as well as eating behaviors, particularly emotional eating across the menstrual cycle. Previous studies have so far only examined the effects of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4) and cycle phase in predicting individual symptoms or disorders such as ADHD or eating disorders or related behaviors separately. The aim of this study is to examine how emotional eating is influenced by naturally occurring hormonal and cycle changes in a sample overrecruited for ADHD. Seventy-eight individuals (assigned female at birth) with menstrual cycles overrecruited for ADHD provided …

Terror And Time: Analyzing Homegrown Terrorism In The United States, Kyser Daniels-Baessler

Theses and Dissertations

The events of September 11th, 2001, prompted a global reckoning with the threat of international terrorism, leading to intensified awareness and policy responses worldwide. However, amidst this heightened global focus, the United States has faced a concerning rise in politically motivated violence on its soil. Against this backdrop, this thesis delves into the phenomenon of homegrown terrorism within the United States from 2000 to 2020. By employing advanced geospatial techniques, this study seeks to pinpoint areas nationwide with elevated rates of homegrown terrorist incidents. Moreover, it endeavors to uncover potential temporal correlations between these acts of violence and significant events, …

Intimate Partner Violence And Parent Perceptions Of Their Emotional Bond To Their Children, Lia T. Mclanahan

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

As research on intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to grow and there are more ways of defining IPV and identifying its differing forms, a related topic of interest has become the impact IPV has on families (Fong et al., 2019). Similarly, research on IPV as a form of trauma and its implications is well-researched for both children and adults, as is the research on trauma and attachment (Cook et al., 2017). However, there seems to be a lack of research on how parent–child attachment is predicted by IPV. The present study aimed to assess how parent perceptions of their level …

Weathering The Storm: Risk And Resiliency Factors In Transgender And Gender-Diverse Youth, Haley R. Hedrick

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Compared with their cisgender peers, transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth face unique and significant risk factors and are at increased risk for health disparities due to intersectional psychosocial factors including high prevalence of childhood trauma, discrimination and minority stress, societal stigma, and lack of access to competent, comprehensive, gender-affirming healthcare. A total of 180 participants were included in the current study, comprised of a clinically-derived sample of TGD youth aged 8–20 years (M = 14.42, SD = 2.17), and their parents. The current study examined risk and resilience variables relevant to TGD youth, with specific focus on adverse childhood events, …

Courts Are Divided On Whether Electric Energy Is A "Good" Under Section 503(B)(9) Of The Bankruptcy Code, Mari Bijimenian

Bankruptcy Research Library

(Excerpt)

Under Section 503(b)(9) of title 11 of the United States Code (the "Bankruptcy Code"), the value of goods received by a debtor in the ordinary course of business, within 20 days before the date of commencement of a case, can be granted administrative priority status. Bankruptcy courts have grappled with settling on a definition of "goods" because neither Section 503(b)(9) nor the Bankruptcy Code at large define "goods." While the definition of "goods" is a matter of federal interpretation because Section 503(b)(9) of the Bankruptcy Code is federal law, "bankruptcy courts have almost without exception looked to the Uniform …

Fiscal Equity: The Non-Profit Model Of Corporate Ownership, Eric A. San Juan

American University Business Law Review

In an era of excessive executive compensation, the non-profit corporation serves as an exemplary alternative. Voluntarily, some brand-name manufacturers operate under existing law that permits non-profit ownership. Virtually all corporations could become non-profits under a legislative reform potentially more effective than past redistributive measures. Twentieth-century progressive taxation has waned, while initiatives to endow impoverished children with personal accounts have not expanded beyond pilot programs. Instead, economic inequality widens with global industrialization. Traditionally, deprivation led to the call for the abolition of private ownership of the means of production, yet this proved impracticable under revolutionary regimes. A review of the evolution …

Communication Decency Act And The Intellectual Property Exception, Casey Windsor

American University Business Law Review

As the internet proliferated in the 1990s, Congress became concerned with courts impeding the advancement of the internet and the distribution of obscene materials. Congress passed Section 230 of the Communication Decency Act (CDA), which was part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Section 230(c), known as the “Good Samaritan” provision, gave broad immunity to interactive computer services providers (ISPs) who monitor third-party content posted to their website.3 Section 230 created the regulatory foundation for modern day ISPs, including social media websites like Facebook.

The Chicken Or The Egg: The Proper Order Of Analysis When Determining The Enforceability Of A Delegation Clause And The Broader Arbitration Agreement In Consumer Contexts, Parker Reynolds

American University Business Law Review

First, this Comment will provide pertinent background on the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) to better understand the intent of the legislation and how it has historically been applied. Second, this Comment will seek to not only explain the underlying cause of the circuit split but also offer a framework for the proper order of analysis in situations with both a delegation claim and an unenforceability claim. Specifically, this Comment will argue that although a delegation clause’s enforceability must be analyzed separately from the entire agreement’s enforceability, the delegation clause must be examined within the context of the arbitration agreement to …

Accidental Corporate Social Norms, David Kwok

American University Business Law Review

Corporations deliberately attempt to shape social norms through advertising, publicity, and political contributions. This paper considers the threat of corporations’ accidental influence on social norms and expectations. When corporations have accidents, we frequently focus on direct harms: an oil platform may catch fire and explode, leading to environmental and human losses. These accidents may also impact social norms, though. If users stay with a dominant social networking firm despite repeated data privacy breaches, for example, people might come to accept a lack of data privacy. Dominant firms may inadvertently facilitate rapid reshaping of societal expectations. Judicial recognition of this threat …

High-Frequency Traders: How The Sec Can Tighten Regulation While Maintaining The Benefits Of A Competitive Market, John I. Sanders

American University Business Law Review

In 2010, the so-called “Flash Crash” of the U.S. stock market brought the overlooked practice of high-frequency trading into the spotlight for the first time. Initial efforts to study and curtail the practice, including a transaction fee pilot attempted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2018, have been unsuccessful. After outlining the substantial benefits market participants gain from the activities of high-frequency traders, this article argues that there are three potent and readily available tools for limiting the harmful excesses of those traders: (i) aggressively bring market manipulation charges under § 9(a)(2) of the Exchange Act against those who …

Clothes Captioning: The Demand For A Sustainable Fashion Industry And The European Union’S Push For Digital Product Passports, Grace Baer

American University Business Law Review

First, this Comment will provide background on the demand for transparency on the fashion industry, its response, and the regulatory framework proposed by the EU. Then, Part III will argue that the ESPR and the SSCT fall short of meeting the EU’s objectives because their requirements, as applied to textiles, are too stringent; their enforcement and effect on trade partners too disparate; and the risk of businesses’ intellectual property too high. In Part IV, this Comment will recommend that the EU strengthen its proposals by providing guidance on enforcement, equal treatment of small and medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) in the textile …

The Domestic And International Limitations Of The Third-Party Doctrine In The Digital Age, Miguel E. Serrano

American University Business Law Review

This Comment argues that the third-party doctrine further alienates EU-U.S. partnerships because the doctrine subverts privacy interests as binding legal precedent. Part II will explore the history of the third-party doctrine up until the Carpenter decision and explain why U.S. privacy rights are linked with access to third-party information. This Comment will further outline EU data protection laws, EU legislation, and the CJEU’s Schrems II decision. In Part III, this Comment will also analyze the new data protection framework, Executive Order 14086, and discuss whether it fails to overcome the CJEU’s concerns over U.S. privacy laws for EU subjects. By …

Rediscovering Adam Smith: An Inquiry In The Rule Of Law, Competition, And The Future Of The Federal Trade Comission, Melissa Holyoak, Christopher G. Mufarrige

American University Business Law Review

It is my privilege to be here to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Competitive Enterprise Institute (³CEI´), along with the 300th birthday of Adam Smith. For decades, CEI has been at the vanguard of free-market advocacy, and it is wonderful to combine CEI's anniversary with a celebration of Adam Smith. I will start with a standard disclaimer: The views I express today are my own. They do not necessarily represent those of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC or ³Commission´) or any other commissioner.

U.S. Securities And Exchange Commission And The "Deep Administrative State": A Case Study Of Its Esg Rules, Jerry W. Markham

American University Business Law Review

This study examines the highly controversial “environmental, social, and governance” (ESG) rules that were adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2024. Those rules require large public companies to disclose their policies for dealing with climate change and report their greenhouse gas emissions. Critics charge that those rules are the product of a “deep state” administrative agency that is operating outside the checks and balances imposed by the Constitution on other government actors. The study relates the background for these deep state concerns and the constitutional and statutory restraints that were intended to prevent the development of such …

Hollywood's Triple Threat: Writers, Actors, And Antitrust Regulators Take On The Streaming Giants, Remy S. Farkas

American University Business Law Review

In the summer of 2023, Hollywood froze when actors, writers, and crew took to the picket lines. Their gripe: the recent mega mergers by media conglomerates. The Writers Guild Association and Screen Actors Guild American Federation of Television and Radio Artists joined forces to protest recent acquisitions by Disney, Amazon, and Netflix; these companies vertically integrated within the industry, which allowed them to exploit workers, limit content, and raise prices for consumers. In the same summer, the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission released Draft Merger Guidelines, which included thirteen new guidelines for evaluating whether a merger violates antitrust …

State Taxing Power Over Tribal Leasing Activity: Balancing Bracker With The Call To Modernize, Caitlyn Lindstrom

American University Business Law Review

Federal law operates on the premise that state jurisdiction does not interfere with American Indian jurisdiction, and it is generally accepted that states may not tax Indian entities or members. However, the Supreme Court held that there are circumstances in which states may extend taxation onto non-Indians residing on tribal lands. In cases where Indians believe that states are violating legislation or regulations prohibiting state taxation, the Court follows the Bracker balancing test, an interest balancing test that weighs state, federal, and tribal interests. As with most balancing tests, this test lacks strict guidance on how to properly weigh certain …

Reliability And Minimal Detectable Change Of The Mx3 Hydration Testing System, Ian Winter, Josie Burdin, Patrick B. Wilson

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Assessing hydration status outside of laboratories can be challenging given that most hydration measures are invasive, stationary, costly, or have questionable validity. This study investigated the within-day, test-retest reliability, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the MX3 Hydration Testing System (MX3 Diagnostics), a relatively low cost, noninvasive, and portable method to measure saliva osmolality. Seventy-five adults (44 men, 31 women; 29.6±10.8 yr, 171.1±9.2 cm, 79.1±15.4 kg) presented two saliva samples approximately 3 to 5 minutes apart. Fluid intake was avoided for at least 5 minutes prior to sample collections. For each sample collection, a researcher used the MX3 to tap …

Shame Clogs The Arteries Of Love: How To Love In The Face Of Shame And Conditions Of Oppression, Theodore J.M. Siasat

CMC Senior Theses

Love and shame, on its face, are at odds with one another. Love tends to foster connection while shame makes one want to hide and isolate oneself. This thesis aims to resolve this tension, particularly in cases of mistaken shame, where the ashamed agent need not feel ashamed, such as in cases of internalized racism, sexism, etc. To do so, this thesis begins by exploring similar cases of love driving people away, looking at (1) love under conditions of oppression and (2) love as seen in Vida Yao’s “Grace and Alienation,” where she is also concerned with ashamed beloveds. …

We Did What? To Whom? An Analysis Of How Us Educational Materials Present The Philippine-American War And Occupation, Jude Beekman

Honors Program Theses

Since the turn of the 21st century, decisions of American leaders have continued traditions of American exceptionalism and general attempts at dominance, although this is continuously brought into question. A generation has since passed through school and experienced curriculums that have implied such American exceptionalism and dominance. Acknowledged for decades, the military-industrial complex has extended into the 21st century with involvement across the globe, but notably in the Middle East. For those indigenous to the Pacific, militarism extends to how people perceive the bodies and selves of indigenous peoples. There exist multiple definitions of colonialism and imperialism, but in essence, …

A Critique Of Guardianship Theory From The Perspective Of Catholic Thought: The Tension Between The Duty To Protect And Preservation Of Legal Autonomy, Lucia A. Silecchia

Scholarly Articles

In recent times, guardianship law has been gaining much public attention – for a variety of reasons. With a steadily aging domestic and international demographic, an increasing number of people contemplate how they will be cared for if they lose capacity. A new variety of alternatives to guardianship have been adopted by states to allow for “supported“ decision- making in numerous ways, while various forms of limited guardianship have emerged as alternatives to the traditional “one size fits all” model of plenary guardianship prevalent in the past. In addition, some advocate abolishing guardianships entirely, believing them to be an affront …

Crisis Standards Of Care And Triage: Medico-Legal Conundrums, George P. Smith

Scholarly Articles

This Article investigates the character, nature, and application of Crisis Standards of Care ("CSC") in national emergency preparedness plans. Ideally, these standards allow a government to codify frameworks or models for allocating scarce medical resources. The principal mechanism used by healthcare decision-makers to evaluate individuals seeking medical assistance is through triage-a diagnostic process utilizing algorithms to sort, grade, or select those who "qualify" for medical treatment. This Article studies the principles and values incorporated into these medical algorithms and concludes that more federal government leadership is required to convince the states that CSC are an integral part of emergency preparedness; …

"Appropriate" Appropriations Challenges After Community Financial, Chad Squitieri

Scholarly Articles

The standard federal agency must come to Congress each year, hat in hand, and request another round of congressional funding. This annual appropriations process ensures that Congress maintains at least some influence over the vast array of rules and regulations that govern Americans' daily lives. Sure, Congress might have delegated broad authority to administrative agencies to develop national policy on Congress's behalf. But an agency reliant on annual appropriations is an agency with the financial incentive to exercise its delegated authority with an eye toward pleasing congressional appropriators. The annual appropriations process is therefore a sensible (even if insufficient) step …

Why Equity Follows The Law, Adam J. Macleod

Scholarly Articles

Renewed attention to equity in higher education is welcome because true equity helps us to reason together well. When administered correctly, the jurisprudence of equity models civil discourse and, therefore, can teach us how to carry out civic engagement reasonably. Equitable interpretation of the law teaches us how to understand each other charitably. And equity’s deference to law teaches us how to reason well together about our practical problems. Law is the practical reasoning that we do together. Equity serves the ends of justice by serving law, rather than undermining it. These functions of equity in adjudication point toward a …

Monolithic Bubble Trap With Partitioned Inner Chamber For Roburst Operation Of Microfluidic Systems, Bhavagyna Vegunta, Charmaine Lui, Max S. Kim, Joshua Tran, Maya Papez, Anand K. Ramasubramanian, Sang Joon John Lee

Data

This data set includes experimental flow rate recordings in comma-separated values (CSV) files, fluorescence microscopy images of endothelial cells as TIF images, and orientation parameters for cell nuclei from the same images in spreadsheet (XLSX) files. These data files are in support of documenting the performance of a novel bubble trap designed by the authors, as described in the associated publication. File names in this data set correspond to figures in the associated publication.

Foreword: Artificially Intelligent Innovation And Justice, Carla L. Reyes

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

No abstract provided.