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2024

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"The Land We Live In Is Our Own": Indigenous Conceptions Of Space In Eighteenth-Century Florida, James Hill Mar 2024

"The Land We Live In Is Our Own": Indigenous Conceptions Of Space In Eighteenth-Century Florida, James Hill

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1792, Okillissa Chupka, the mekko or headman of the town of Coweta Hitchiti, sent a message to Spanish King Carlos IV. Decyring Spanish officials' recent intereference in Coweta diplomacy, he asserted that "the Land we live in is our own & we are determined to have whom we wish in it." Statements like Okillissa Chupka's are not rare or uncommon in the documentary record. Indigenous leaders maintained the right to control who entered, left, or resided in their territory. All too frequently, scholars of Florida history have ignored the sovereign claims of Indigenous polities. However, Okillissa Chupka was one …


Charting A Path Toward An Indigenous History Of Florida, Denise I. Bossy Mar 2024

Charting A Path Toward An Indigenous History Of Florida, Denise I. Bossy

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1743, with the naive belief that the Calusas were finally interested in Catholic conversion, two Jesuit missionaries traveled to South Florida from Havana, Cuba. For decades Europeans described the region-in documents and on maps-as all but devoid of human life and, in particular, its Indigenous populations as being virtually extinct. Instead, the Jesuits discovered that South Florida was very much still under Indigenous control. A number of distinct Native confederacies-including one that consisted of Calusas, Bocarratons, and "Key" Indians and another of what one Spaniard called Maymies, Santaluzos, and Mayacas-exerted not only territorial control but also control over the …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 100, No. 1, Florida Historical Society Mar 2024

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 100, No. 1, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


Resilient Cities And The Housing Trust, Marc L. Roark, Lorna Fox O'Mahony Mar 2024

Resilient Cities And The Housing Trust, Marc L. Roark, Lorna Fox O'Mahony

Arkansas Law Review

In the 1970’s, cities across the United States faced new obstacles due to the deterioration of public infrastructure. Public housing projects that were built through federal housing initiatives were reaching the end of their lives after less than twenty years of being in service. Over the last forty years, cities in the United States have turned increasingly to housing trust funds to address the conjoined problems of the withdrawal of federal resources dedicated to affordable housing provision, and insufficient public housing infrastructure. In this Article we focus on the emergence of the Housing Trust as a vehicle for shoring up …


Lanthorn, Vol. 58, No. 14, March 11, 2024, Grand Valley State University Mar 2024

Lanthorn, Vol. 58, No. 14, March 11, 2024, Grand Valley State University

Volume 58, August 7, 2023 - April 15, 2024

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.


Covid-19 And Non-Traditional Security, Arup Maity, Rajani Kant Pandey Mar 2024

Covid-19 And Non-Traditional Security, Arup Maity, Rajani Kant Pandey

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Around 100 years ago, John Maynard Keynes, the most distinguished economist of modern times, published a book A Treatise on Probability (1921), and in this book, as a scholar, he argued for changes instead of the ‘traditional theory,’ and significantly the time was the middle of the World War. Now the world has reached 2021 with the depletive COVID-19 and is battling against it. Covid is a virus that we cannot see with just an open eye, but its impact has caused around 40 million human deaths, and we can see our world as pandemonium with only an open eye. …


The Difficulties Of Building Environmental Peace In Africa: Darfur Case Study, H.Beshir, W.Dawoud Mar 2024

The Difficulties Of Building Environmental Peace In Africa: Darfur Case Study, H.Beshir, W.Dawoud

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Environment, peace, and conflict are inseparable phenomena in the historical development of Africa. Over the years, environmental issues have taken center stage in African history. Sometimes, they led to peace, while others contributed to the conflicts in Africa. However, environmental scientists and practitioners have always addressed the environment and conflict separately from peace, thus ignoring how environmental factors contribute to peacebuilding. Therefore, this paper uses the descriptive analytical approach to inspect the link between environment, peace, and African conflict. The paper also seeks to monitor and analyze the difficulties of building environmental peace in Africa to explain the nature of …


The Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party (E.P.R.P.) Formation, Structure And Program, Ayenew Mammo Seyoum Mar 2024

The Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party (E.P.R.P.) Formation, Structure And Program, Ayenew Mammo Seyoum

The World Research of Political Science Journal

The main aim of this Article is assessing the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party (EPRP) Formation, Structure and Program. It also tries to restructure the armed struggle of Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Part (E.P.R.P) in Qwara and Al?fa Takusa district. In fact, it was established in the 1970s by different people of Ethiopians from different areas. And its center was Addis Ababa town and other rural areas. However, in the 1980s its main center was at Qwara and Al?fa Takusa districts. Therefore, this article is aimed at the E.P.R.P military movement was legitimately ongoing in Qwara and Al?fa Takusa district since 1983. …


Changing Nuclear Norms In South Asia A Threat To Regional Peace, Muhammad Rizwan, Wajih Ullah, Sara Batool Mar 2024

Changing Nuclear Norms In South Asia A Threat To Regional Peace, Muhammad Rizwan, Wajih Ullah, Sara Batool

The World Research of Political Science Journal

This article is about changing the normative behavior about the usages of nuclear weapons and the emerging threat of nuclear war in South Asia. It is a general belief that deterrence has provided strategic stability against the usage of a nuclear weapon. Little attention has been paid over the years to normative behavior that gradually emerged and refrained states from preemptive nuclear strikes. Leaders of both India and Pakistan repeatedly claimed that these weapons are only for defensive purposes. But with changing geopolitical situation this normative behavior has changed. India adopted Cold Start Doctrine (Though it is a conventional military …


Conflict Irresolution: Elucidating The Yemeni Crisis 2011-2015, Shorouk Elzayat Mar 2024

Conflict Irresolution: Elucidating The Yemeni Crisis 2011-2015, Shorouk Elzayat

The World Research of Political Science Journal

An insight in the MENA region after 7 years from the eruption of the "Arab Spring", shows that very few countries were able to stabilize while the rest are still struggling. Yemen is the poorest one, it have suffered from deteriorating political, economic and social conditions. A popular revolution hit Yemen in 2011; at its outset, it was thought to be a successful revolution, as it toppled down the regime – even with a pact- yet shortly after, in 2014, the rebel group, Huthis, emerged on the political scene and the civil conflict broke out, threatening with the state failure …


Review Paper: New Russian Defense Doctrine, Sajad Abedi Mar 2024

Review Paper: New Russian Defense Doctrine, Sajad Abedi

The World Research of Political Science Journal

On December 26, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a new military doctrine for the Russian armed forces. The document identifies the expansion of NATO and efforts to destabilize Russia and neighboring countries as the biggest security threats. This doctrine somehow is Continuation Russia’s military doctrine previous in the years 1993 - 2000- 2010. In the Tsarist, Soviet, and Russian military tradition, doctrine plays a particularly important role. The state’s defense or military doctrine possesses a normative and even, often a juridical quality that should be binding on relevant state agencies, or at least so its adherents would like to …


The Hidden History Of The Florida-Born, Early Progressive Nurse Leader: Mary E. Macdonald Carter, Christine Ardalan Mar 2024

The Hidden History Of The Florida-Born, Early Progressive Nurse Leader: Mary E. Macdonald Carter, Christine Ardalan

Florida Historical Quarterly

The young women of Miami High School gathered in the auditorium on April 4, 1919, for a vocational hour to bear "a number of Miami's most brilliant and successful women [impart] a taste of what is to be accomplished by choosing the fitting vocation and getting a right start." The Rev. Mrs. Mecca Marie Varney (1873-1959), the organizer of the event, was well known in Miami with clout to draw the adept speakers together. Hailing from Iowa, the evangelical minister was a national leader in the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and a lecturer on the Chautauqua Circuit. Earning widespread …


Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 98, No. 3/4, Florida Historical Society Mar 2024

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 98, No. 3/4, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


Crimea And The Civil War: The Medical Connection Between Great Britain And The Union Army, Adam Green Mar 2024

Crimea And The Civil War: The Medical Connection Between Great Britain And The Union Army, Adam Green

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

One decade before the Civil War began, a modest and relatively obscure war was fought halfway around the world. The Crimean War was an eye-opener for the British as a whole. The inadequate supplies, wretched living conditions, and poor sanitation that the British army suffered resulted in tremendous losses during the war. The reports of these circumstances launched one of the most profound and widespread medical reform campaigns that the British army had experienced up to that point. The instigation of proper sanitary care, the introduction of Florence Nightingale onto the international stage, and the revamping of the British medical …


International Animal Law, Frances Arricale, Daina Bray, Paula Cardoso, Matthew Collis, Giuliana D'Esopo, Erica Lyman, Jill Mariani, Omar Andrew Nimri, Megan O'Toole, Rajesh K. Reddy, Joan Schaffner, Fawn Schanz, Susan Schwartz, Malcolm Seheult Mar 2024

International Animal Law, Frances Arricale, Daina Bray, Paula Cardoso, Matthew Collis, Giuliana D'Esopo, Erica Lyman, Jill Mariani, Omar Andrew Nimri, Megan O'Toole, Rajesh K. Reddy, Joan Schaffner, Fawn Schanz, Susan Schwartz, Malcolm Seheult

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.


Export Controls And Economic Sanctions, John Boscariol, Patrick Briscoe, Jamie Brown, Sylvia Costelloe, Abigail Cotterill, Geoffrey Goodale, Timothy O'Toole, Jason Prince, Christopher Stagg, Lawrence Ward Mar 2024

Export Controls And Economic Sanctions, John Boscariol, Patrick Briscoe, Jamie Brown, Sylvia Costelloe, Abigail Cotterill, Geoffrey Goodale, Timothy O'Toole, Jason Prince, Christopher Stagg, Lawrence Ward

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.


Women's Reproductive Health: A Critical Appraisal Of Reproductive Justice And Magisterial Contributions To Responsible Family Planning, Kelly Olson Mar 2024

Women's Reproductive Health: A Critical Appraisal Of Reproductive Justice And Magisterial Contributions To Responsible Family Planning, Kelly Olson

School of Theology and Seminary Graduate Papers/Theses

History reveals the degrading and traumatizing experiences of marginalized women harmed by unethical reproductive healthcare practices. Progress has been made; however divisive barriers still prohibit dialogue from resulting in a dignified approach to legislation that serves the diverse population of women in diverse situations of lived reality. Enhancing the theological dialogue with updated awareness of women’s reproductive healthcare needs and a renewed conversation of the benefit of expressed human sexuality in heterosexual marriage allows opportunity for the Magisterium to enhance teaching that aligns with Catholic tradition and grows with human understanding, in the spirit of aggiornamento. Improved clarity and wider …


Ukraine: The Case For Urgency, Rebecca W. Jensen, Anthony L. Tingle Mar 2024

Ukraine: The Case For Urgency, Rebecca W. Jensen, Anthony L. Tingle

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

If the United States and its allies seek to deny Vladimir Putin an objective victory in the Russia-Ukraine War, they must commit to providing sufficient aid to the Ukrainian army soon because the window of opportunity to provide sufficient resources is narrow—and closing. This article argues that the West must articulate a reasonable strategy for Ukrainian victory now, as a failure in Ukraine will weaken relationships between the United States and Western European states and their global partners while emboldening state and non-state actors to threaten the rules-based international order.


International Law, Self-Defense, And The Israel-Hamas Conflict, Eric A. Heinze Mar 2024

International Law, Self-Defense, And The Israel-Hamas Conflict, Eric A. Heinze

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article examines the international law of self-defense as it applies to the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict to determine whether the October 2023 attacks by Hamas against Israel can be interpreted under Article 51 of the UN Charter as an “armed attack” that gives Israel the right to use military force in self-defense against non-state actors. It situates the conflict within ongoing legal and political debates, shows how this conflict fits into a changing global reality where the most dangerous security threats do not exclusively emanate from other states and concludes that Israel’s resort to force in the current conflict appears …


Strategy As Problem-Solving, Andrew Carr Mar 2024

Strategy As Problem-Solving, Andrew Carr

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article proposes a new definition of strategy as problem-solving that challenges the focus on goals and assumptions of order within many post–Cold War approaches to strategy. It argues that the military needs strategy to diagnose the complex problems of the twenty-first century before they can be solved. Inspired by practitioners such as Andrew Marshall and George F. Kennan, this new definition clarifies what strategists do and offers a logic for distinguishing the use of the term strategy. Practitioners will also find problem-solving tools and pedagogies they can adopt today.


The Politics Of Restraint In The Middle East, Andrew Payne Mar 2024

The Politics Of Restraint In The Middle East, Andrew Payne

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Domestic constraints make it difficult for the United States to pursue a coherent program of restraint in the Middle East. As events in Gaza revive debates about the appropriate size and scope of the military footprint in the region, this article shows the importance of grounding any revised posture on a firm domestic foundation. Going beyond accounts that blame the obstructionism of a foreign policy establishment, it explores barriers to strategic adjustment and supports its claims through a case study of the Obama administration’s record, drawn from relevant literature, data on the distribution of military capabilities, and interviews with senior …


Parameters Spring 2024, Usawc Press Mar 2024

Parameters Spring 2024, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Rethinking The Relevance Of Self-Deterrence, Jeffrey H. Michaels Mar 2024

Rethinking The Relevance Of Self-Deterrence, Jeffrey H. Michaels

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Self-deterrence is critically understudied in deterrence theory. Similarly, deterrence practitioners prefer to focus on adversaries’ threats rather than seeking to account for the full scope of fears influencing the decision calculus of policymakers. Through historical case studies, this article identifies where self-deterrence has occurred, highlights the benefits of incorporating the concept in future strategic planning and intelligence assessments, and recommends that policymakers, strategists, and analysts acknowledge self-deterrence as an important factor when preparing for future wars.


Book Reviews, Usawc Press Mar 2024

Book Reviews, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Us-Taiwan Relations And The Future Of The Liberal Order, Christina Lai Mar 2024

Us-Taiwan Relations And The Future Of The Liberal Order, Christina Lai

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Strengthening ties with Taiwan is the best chance the United States has to preserve the liberal international order in Asia and improve its security relative to China. This study offers a normative perspective on how Taiwan can contribute to US-led international institutions and the Asian regional order and reduce conflict risk. It concludes with recommendations for the United States and its partners to integrate Taiwan into multilateral institutions in Asia.


Toward A Strategic Art For Sanctions, David J. Katz Mar 2024

Toward A Strategic Art For Sanctions, David J. Katz

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

New strategic art is required to maneuver political economies to meet the demands of future engagements and campaigns. Current discussions of the projection of political-economic power are typically abstract, high-level, and policy-focused or present singular tactical actions as strategic actions, creating a gap for campaign practitioners. This article addresses the gap by drawing on Joint Planning, Joint Publication 5-0, and Joint Campaigns and Operations, Joint Publication 3-0, to further develop the concept and methodologies first introduced in the author’s earlier article “Multidimensionality: Rethinking Power Projection for the 21st Century.”


Gnsi Decision Brief: Creating Sun Tsu: Instituting A Master’S Degree In Irregular Warfare, Robert Burrell, John Collision Mar 2024

Gnsi Decision Brief: Creating Sun Tsu: Instituting A Master’S Degree In Irregular Warfare, Robert Burrell, John Collision

GNSI Decision Briefs

In the words of Sun Tsu, arguably the father of irregular warfare, war is like water, and water has no constant form, and there are no constant conditions in war.i Nowhere in the history of U.S. military doctrine has conflict been described in this theoretical and inclusive way. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that the U.S.’s preference for technological solutions, increased firepower, and lethality on the battlefield neglects to account for leveraging irregular and asymmetric forms of conflict to advance its interests and counter its adversaries. The Consortium to Study Irregular Warfare Act of 2021 addressed the gap …


Full Issue Mar 2024

Full Issue

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

No abstract provided.


Blackfeet And Long Knives: Hostilities Between Blackfeet And Americans, 1806-1840, Jay H. Buckley Mar 2024

Blackfeet And Long Knives: Hostilities Between Blackfeet And Americans, 1806-1840, Jay H. Buckley

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

More than twenty trappers had died within three months. The men had begun to cower in the fort, afraid to leave for fear of a Blackfoot attack. George Drouillard ventured out alone twice and brought back nearly twenty beaver pelts. He contended that he was too much Indian himself to be captured or killed. On the third day, he convinced two others to leave the fort as well-all three failed to return. Thomas James recorded that their search party found the first two bodies "pierced with lances, arrows, and bullets and lying near each other." One hundred and fifty yards …


Germany's War For World Conquest And The Extermination Of Jews, Gerhard L. Weinberg Mar 2024

Germany's War For World Conquest And The Extermination Of Jews, Gerhard L. Weinberg

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Fifty years ago the war between Germany and the Allies was coming to its final stage. In the East, the Red Army had broken through the German central front in Poland, had driven deeply into Germany itself, had taken much of the Silesian industrial area, had established a bridgehead over the Oder River, and was eliminating pockets of German resistance isolated by the winter offensive, even while preparations were beginning for the final assault on Berlin. In the South, all Soviet territory once occupied by the Germans had been freed almost a year earlier, and the Red Army occupied Romania, …