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New 2d Penta-Sipn: A Wide And Indirect Bandgap Semiconductor, I. A. Qattan, Shambhu Bhandari Sharma, K. C. Santosh, Sufian Abedrabbo

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) pentagonal ternary monolayers have attracted much attention and emerged as a new class of materials because of their new feature and extensive applicability. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we predict a new 2D pentagonal-SiPN or p-SiPN monolayer material. The new monolayer has shown to be structurally, thermodynamically, and dynamically stable. Our findings imply that p-SiPN is a wide and indirect bandgap semiconductor, with a highly tunable bandgap with applied equ-biaxial strain. This makes p-SiPN a promising candidate for futuristic optoelectronics and nanomechanics device applications.

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Perturbation Walking Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Activation And Walking Performance In Older Women With And Without Osteoarthritis: A Fnirs Study, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction: Perturbation walking (PW) has been shown to improve gait, however its effect on the cortical control of gait might provide insights on neural mechanisms underlying falls in adults with osteoarthritis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of PW on prefrontal cortical (PFC) activation in older women with (OA) and without osteoarthritis (HOA). We hypothesized that there would be an increase in PFC activation during PW relative to comfortable walking (CW) and higher increase in PFC activation during PW in HOA compared to OA. Methods: Twenty community-dwelling older women (66.7 ± 5.41 years old) walked on …

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Characterization Of Mycelium Biocomposites Under Simulated Weathering Conditions, Nicholas Schultz, Ajimahl Fazli, Sharmaine Piros, Yuritzi Barranco-Origel, Patricia Dela Cruz, Dr Yanika Schneider

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) remains a popular packaging material despite environmental concerns such as pollution, difficulty to recycle, and toxicity to wildlife. The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of an ecofriendly alternative to traditional EPS composed of a mycelium biocomposite grown from agricultural waste. In this material, the mycelium spores are incorporated into cellulosic waste, resulting in a structurally sound biocomposite completely enveloped by mycelium fibers. One of the main criteria for shipping applications is the ability of a material to withstand extreme weather conditions. Accordingly, this study focused on evaluating a commercially available mycelium material before …

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Effect Of Fermentation, Malting And Ultrasonication On Sorghum, Mopane Worm And Moringa Oleifera: Improvement In Their Nutritional, Techno-Functional And Health Promoting Properties, Mpho Sebabiki Maleke, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo, Jonathan Wilkin, Moira Ledbetter, Xi Feng, John Gieng, Tumisi Beiri Jeremiah Molelekoa

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Food processing offers various benefits that contribute to food nutrition, food security and convenience. This study investigated the effect of three different processes (fermentation, malting and ultrasonication) on the nutritional, techno-functional and health-promoting properties of sorghum, mopane worm and Moringa oleifera. Methods: The fermented and malted flours were prepared at 35°C for 48 h, and for ultrasonication, samples were subjected to 10 min at 4°C with amplitudes of 40–70 Hz. The biochemical, nutritional quality and techno-functional properties of the obtained flours were analysed using standard procedures. Results: Fermentation resulted in significantly lower pH and higher titratable acidity in sorghum …

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Marine Protection And Environmental Forcing Influence Fish-Derived Nutrient Cycling In Kelp Forests, June Shrestha, Joseph R. Peters, Jennifer E. Caselle, Scott L. Hamilton

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Animal consumers excrete dissolved inorganic nitrogen, an essential nutrient for regulating primary production and macroalgal growth in the ocean. Often overlooked in attempts to explain kelp forest productivity, relatively little is known about the role of consumers in nutrient cycling in temperate systems, such as the magnitude of nutrients excreted and the factors that influence spatial and temporal variability in consumer-derived nutrients. To investigate the supply of ammonium (NH4+) excreted by the dominant members of the nearshore rocky reef fish community, we combined empirically-measured relationships between excretion rate and body mass with data on fish density and size structure from …

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Next Steps For Assessing Ocean Iron Fertilization For Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, Ken O. Buesseler, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy, Paul J. Morris, Sara Nawaz, Nishioka, Anh Pham, Kilaparti Ramakrishna, David A. Siegel, Sarah R. Smith, Deborah Steinberg, Kendra A. Turk-Kubo, Benjamin S. Twining, Romany M. Webb

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

There are many potential approaches to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR), of which ocean iron fertilization (OIF) has the longest history of study. However, OIF studies to date were not primarily designed to quantify the durability of carbon (C) storage, nor how wise OIF might be as an mCDR approach. To quantify C sequestration, we introduce a metric called the “centennial tonne,” defined as 1,000 kg of C isolated from atmospheric contact for on average at least 100 years. We present the activities needed to assess OIF from a scientific and technological perspective, and additionally, how it might be responsibly …

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Student Understanding Of Divergence And Curl In Upper-Division Electromagnetism, J. Toby Stuckey, Gina M. Quan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The purpose of this paper is to understand and characterize student thinking about the physics concepts of divergence and curl in the context of upper-division electromagnetism for physics majors. We interviewed five students at a west coast university who had taken at least one semester of upper-division electricity and magnetism. The interview prompted students to describe divergence and curl in multiple representations (visually, mathematically, qualitatively). Our analysis identified that students can notice but struggle to resolve discrepancies between the mathematical calculations and the graphical representations of vector fields. We illustrate examples of when students appear to have a disconnect between …

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Study Of Using Variational Quantum Linear Solver For Solving Poisson Equation, Nithin Reddy Govindugari, Hiu Yung Wong

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Quantum computing is promising in speeding up the system of linear equations (SLE) solving process. However, its performance is limited by noise. The variational quantum linear solver (VQLS) algorithm is expected to be more resilient to noise than gate-based quantum computing algorithms. This is because error correction is not available yet and VQLS is based on cost function minimization. In this paper, the gate insulator Poisson equation is solved using VQLS. The results are compared to technology computer-aided design (TCAD) results and gate-based quantum algorithm results. We show that, even without error-free qubits, the IBM-Q quantum computer hardware can solve …

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Tcad Structure Input File Generation Using Large Language Model, Le Minh Long Nguyen, Albert Lu, Hiu Yung Wong

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In this paper, we study the possibility of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to create Technology Computer-Aided-Design (TCAD) structure generation input files. LLMs are machine learning models trained on vast amounts of text data from the Web and are designed to understand, generate, and interact with humans through natural languages such as English. However, unlike programming languages with abundant training examples on the Web, TCAD examples are scarce. In this work, by using TCAD Sentaurus Structure Editor (SSE) as an example, 7000 nanowire data are generated to fine-tune open-source models (Llama 2 and 3) to obtain chatbots that can generate …

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The Role Of Paradata In Algorithmic Accountability, Ciaran B. Trace, James A. Hodges

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This chapter examines how the doings of the algorithm (instantiated through its operations, actions, and steps) and its accompanying algorithmic system are revealed and explored through an engagement with the paradata created as a part of this data-making effort. In doing so, the chapter explores how the concept of paradata helps us understand how information professionals and domain stakeholders conceptualize accountable algorithmic entities and how this influences how they emerge as documented and describable entities. Two complementary frameworks for capturing and preserving paradata for accountability purposes are examined in the process. The first is associated with diplomatic theory and archival …

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Towards A Context-Contingent Stage Theory Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Introducing The Petii Model, Xiaohong Iris Quan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Understanding opportunity is a crucial aspect of entrepreneurship research. Existing studies have extensively examined individual factors in facilitating entrepreneurial activities such as new venture creation. Although there are some discussions on contextual factors, few connect context with the origin of entrepreneurship—opportunity. Recognising the objectivity of entrepreneurial opportunity, this theoretical article first proposes two types of opportunities—innovative opportunity and imitative opportunity—to understand the nature of opportunity. It then proposes a systematic framework—the PETII (Population, Economic status, Technological advancement, Industry life cycle, Institutions) model—to analyse the role of context in the distribution of opportunity. Furthermore, it examines how both objective contextual factors …

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Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction Via Decentralized Federated Meta-Learning, Andrew Selvia, Ankur Singh, Wencen Wu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Traffic flow prediction (TFP) has become a crucial problem for billions of people who rely on traffic predictions to optimize their travels every day. In this paper, we present a decentralized federated meta-learning (DFML) framework for traffic flow prediction. Within this framework, traffic detectors spread across a road system can form federations with nearby peers in order to predict traffic collaboratively. A node that assembles a federation assumes the role of receiver while the remainder are assigned as broadcasters. The broadcasters learn model parameters from local data and then broadcast those models to receivers, thereby enriching the available information from …

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Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (Risf): Opportunity For Angiotensin Ii-Dependent Intervention, Patricia F. Boothe, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Kan Wang, Howard Levinson, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Medical procedures, such as radiation therapy, are a vital element in treating many cancers, significantly contributing to improved survival rates. However, a common long-term complication of such exposure is radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF), a complex condition that poses substantial physical and psychological challenges. Notably, about 50% of patients undergoing radiation therapy may achieve long-term remission, resulting in a significant number of survivors managing the aftereffects of their treatment. This article delves into the intricate relationship between RISF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. It proposes the underlying mechanisms and examines potential treatments for mitigating skin fibrosis. …

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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

New 2d Penta-Sipn: A Wide And Indirect Bandgap Semiconductor, I. A. Qattan, Shambhu Bhandari Sharma, K. C. Santosh, Sufian Abedrabbo

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Perturbation Walking Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Activation And Walking Performance In Older Women With And Without Osteoarthritis: A Fnirs Study, Alka Bishnoi, Yang Hu, Manuel E. Hernandez

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Characterization Of Mycelium Biocomposites Under Simulated Weathering Conditions, Nicholas Schultz, Ajimahl Fazli, Sharmaine Piros, Yuritzi Barranco-Origel, Patricia Dela Cruz, Dr Yanika Schneider

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Marine Protection And Environmental Forcing Influence Fish-Derived Nutrient Cycling In Kelp Forests, June Shrestha, Joseph R. Peters, Jennifer E. Caselle, Scott L. Hamilton

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Student Understanding Of Divergence And Curl In Upper-Division Electromagnetism, J. Toby Stuckey, Gina M. Quan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Study Of Using Variational Quantum Linear Solver For Solving Poisson Equation, Nithin Reddy Govindugari, Hiu Yung Wong

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Tcad Structure Input File Generation Using Large Language Model, Le Minh Long Nguyen, Albert Lu, Hiu Yung Wong

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The Role Of Paradata In Algorithmic Accountability, Ciaran B. Trace, James A. Hodges

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Towards A Context-Contingent Stage Theory Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Introducing The Petii Model, Xiaohong Iris Quan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction Via Decentralized Federated Meta-Learning, Andrew Selvia, Ankur Singh, Wencen Wu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (Risf): Opportunity For Angiotensin Ii-Dependent Intervention, Patricia F. Boothe, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Kan Wang, Howard Levinson, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications