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2024

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Enhanced Neutrosophic Set And Machine Learning Approach For Breast Cancer Prediction, Ashika T, Hannah Grace, Nivetha Martin, Florentin Smarandache Sep 2024

Enhanced Neutrosophic Set And Machine Learning Approach For Breast Cancer Prediction, Ashika T, Hannah Grace, Nivetha Martin, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer that affects women worldwide and poses a serious risk to female mortality. In order to lower death rates and enhance treatment results, early detection is critical. Neutrosophic Set Theory (NST) and machine learning (ML) approaches are integrated in this study to provide a novel hybrid methodology (NS-ML) that improves breast cancer diagnosis. Using the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset, the research transforms these data into Neutrosophic (N) representations to effectively capture uncertainties. When trained on the N-dataset instead of traditional datasets, ML algorithms such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest …


Improved Method Of Interval Valued Neutrosophic Matrix Composition And Its Application In Medical Diagnosis, S. Sathiya, A. Puspalatha Sep 2024

Improved Method Of Interval Valued Neutrosophic Matrix Composition And Its Application In Medical Diagnosis, S. Sathiya, A. Puspalatha

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Neutrosophic sets are an important branch of topology that addresses issues with inconsistent, indeterminate, and uncertain situations in everyday life. Interval valued neutrosophic sets, known as subclasses of neutrosophic sets, have been specifically designed to address problems with a set of numbers in the real unit of interval rather than just a single number. Interval valued neutrosophic(IVN) matrix plays an influential role in decision making problems with indeterminant and inconsistent information. The objective of the paper is to discuss the concepts and operations of IVN matrix theory and propose a newly concept of an improved method of IVN matrix composition …


Numerical Techniques For Solving Ordinary Differentialequations With Uncertainty, Augus Kurian, I R. Sumathi Sep 2024

Numerical Techniques For Solving Ordinary Differentialequations With Uncertainty, Augus Kurian, I R. Sumathi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this article, we derive a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equation with a neutrosophic number as the initial condition.The Adams-Bashforth, Adams-Moulton, and predictorcorrector algorithms are used to solve the differential equation with hexagonal neutrosophic number as the initial condition. The convergence and stability of the methods are also investigated.


Aczel-Alsina Power Average Aggregation Operators Of Singlevalued Neutrosophic Under Confdence Levels And Theirapplication In Multiple Attribute Decision Making, S Bharathi, S Mohanaselvi Sep 2024

Aczel-Alsina Power Average Aggregation Operators Of Singlevalued Neutrosophic Under Confdence Levels And Theirapplication In Multiple Attribute Decision Making, S Bharathi, S Mohanaselvi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In decision making scenarios, dealing with imprecise information through extensions of fuzzy sets is crucial. Among these extensions, single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) are especially effective at managing and interpreting such imprecise data. In the current study, decision makers confidence levels, derived from their familiarity with the assessed objects, are combined with the primary data within a neutrosophic framework. This paper focuses on developing innovative confidence single valued neutrosophic (SVN) aggregation operators (AO) that utilize the recently developed Aczel-Alsina (AA) operational laws and power AO (PAO) to capture the interrelationships among aggregated single valued neutrosophic numbers (SVNN). Specifically, it introduces …


A Novel Approach To Apple Leaf Disease Detection Usingneutrosophic Logic-Integrated Efcientnetb0, Arpan Singh Rajput, Alpa Singh Rajput, Samajh Singh Thakur Sep 2024

A Novel Approach To Apple Leaf Disease Detection Usingneutrosophic Logic-Integrated Efcientnetb0, Arpan Singh Rajput, Alpa Singh Rajput, Samajh Singh Thakur

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Detecting diseases in apple leaves accurately and efficiently is vital for maintaining healthy crops and ensuring optimal yield. This paper introduces a novel approach that integrates Neutrosophic Logic with the EfficientNetB0 model to enhance the classification of apple leaf diseases. The proposed method significantly improves precision, recall, and F1-scores across multiple disease classes, demonstrating its robustness and effectiveness compared to traditional techniques.


Neutrosophic Soft Cubic Refined Sets, Anitha Cruz R Sep 2024

Neutrosophic Soft Cubic Refined Sets, Anitha Cruz R

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper presents a novel approach to the Neutrosophic Soft Cubic Re ned Set (NSCRS), which serves as the foundation for combining the theory of soft sets, the already-existing Neutrosophic cubic set, and the Neutrosophic re ned set and Neutrosophic Soft Cubic Set. Further introduced are the internal neutrosophic soft cubic re ned set (INSCRS) and external neutrosophic soft cubic re ned set (ENSCRS), along with their various properties, including P-order, P-union, P-intersection, and R-order, R-union, and R-intersection neu- trosophic soft cubic re ned set.


A Comparison Of Reading Strategies Among Spanish Speaking University Students In Different Programs Of English For Specific Purposes Based On An Indeterminate Likert Scale, Andrea Sofía Ribadeneira Vacacela Sep 2024

A Comparison Of Reading Strategies Among Spanish Speaking University Students In Different Programs Of English For Specific Purposes Based On An Indeterminate Likert Scale, Andrea Sofía Ribadeneira Vacacela

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study examines the relationships of reading strategies among different English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs. Ninety-seven students in four ESP programs in Ecuador were surveyed regarding their reading strategies. The results found that there were not significant differences among the four strategies. These findings were dis-cussed regarding whether differences in reading strategies could potentially influence teaching effectiveness, learning outcomes, and English language applications. The survey was administered to a random sample ob-tained from four Ecuadorian universities for 97 ESP students. For the survey, we applied an Indeterminate Likert Scale. Unlike the classic Likert Scale, the indeterminate variant asks the …


Topological Aspects Of Set-Valued Mappings Defned On Neutrosophic Normed Spaces, Vakeel A. Khan, Mohd Kamran Sep 2024

Topological Aspects Of Set-Valued Mappings Defned On Neutrosophic Normed Spaces, Vakeel A. Khan, Mohd Kamran

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Samarandache [43] introduced neutrosophoic sets to generalize the theory of fuzzy sets. In this paper we modify the definition of neutrosophic normed space with help of continuous neutrosophic t-representable norm. Then we study the statistical graphical convergence and pointwise convergence of the sequences of setvalued functions defined on modified version of neutrosophic normed space and give some related theorems. We also introduce neutrosophic upper and lower semi continuities of set valued maps to develop the link between these convergences.


Fermatean Fuzzy Α-Homeomorphism In Fermatean Fuzzy Topological Spaces, Revathy Aruchsamy, Inthumathi Velusamy Sep 2024

Fermatean Fuzzy Α-Homeomorphism In Fermatean Fuzzy Topological Spaces, Revathy Aruchsamy, Inthumathi Velusamy

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

A relatively new development in fuzzy set theory, Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) were developed for working with higher-level, uncertain data. They provide an even more robust structure for characterizing degree of membership and degree of non-membership, extending on the notions of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) and Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). There are multiple fields of mathematics and applications that depend extensively on topological generalization of open sets. Topological spaces can be described and analyzed with the aid of homeomorphisms, which provide an empirical way to identify whether two spaces are identical in a topological sense with respect to their essential …


Cubic Spherical Neutrosophic Sets For Advanced Decision-Making, S Gomathi, M. Karpagadevi, S. Krishnaprakash, A. Revathy, Said Broumi Sep 2024

Cubic Spherical Neutrosophic Sets For Advanced Decision-Making, S Gomathi, M. Karpagadevi, S. Krishnaprakash, A. Revathy, Said Broumi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the context of aggregation operators and multiple criteria decision-making, this article presents the idea of cubic spherical neutrosophic sets. The notion of neutrosophic informations are transform into a geometric sphere by determining its center and radius. This advanced geometrical representation extends traditional neutrosophic informations. This study defines and discusses weighted additive and weighted geometric aggregation operators tailored to cubic spherical neutrosophic sets that are vital for handling complex and uncertain information. Practical example, such as evaluating fertilizer brands for coconut farming, illustrate their application in decision-making contexts. By integrating cubic spherical neutrosophic sets into multiple criteria decision-making frameworks, decision …


The Periodicity Of Square Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Matricesbased On Minimal Strong Components, Rameshware K, Kavitha M, Murugadass P Sep 2024

The Periodicity Of Square Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Matricesbased On Minimal Strong Components, Rameshware K, Kavitha M, Murugadass P

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper Minimal Strong Component (MSC) of a Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Matrix (FNSM) is suggested. By employing the connection of periodicity behaviours of FNSM with its cut matrices, the periodicity of power sequence of FNSMis described. Especially the concepts of MSC is given and the periodicity of a FNSM by its (Theorem-4.10) on the basis of the above results, the greatest value max P li=n = [li] of the periodicity of all SFNSM for a given positive integer n is obtained. So in a case we have clearly resolved the problem of the greatest value of all periodicity FNSM …


N Xb* Gx - Closed Sets In Neutrosophic Topological Spaces, Suthi Keerthana Kumar, Vigneshwaran Mandarasalam, Saied Jafari, Vidyarani Lakshmanadas Sep 2024

N Xb* Gx - Closed Sets In Neutrosophic Topological Spaces, Suthi Keerthana Kumar, Vigneshwaran Mandarasalam, Saied Jafari, Vidyarani Lakshmanadas

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In neutrosophic topological spaces, the notion of neutrosophic xb* gx -closed sets, neutrosophic xb* gx -border, and neutrosophic xb* gx -frontier are described and their properties are discussed. The con- nection between neutrosophic xb* gx -frontier and neutrosophic xb* gx -border are established


Preflters On Neutrosophic Sets, D. Keerthana, V. Visalakshi, C. Rajapandiyan, Saeid Jafari Sep 2024

Preflters On Neutrosophic Sets, D. Keerthana, V. Visalakshi, C. Rajapandiyan, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper introduces the concept of a prefilter on the collection of neutrosophic sets. The characteristic set and characteristic value of prefilters are introduced and their fundamental properties are explored. The relationships between filters and prefilters are examined, with particular emphasis on how ultrafilters correspond to maximal filters via specific mappings such as iK and wK Additionally, the concept of prime prefilters are defined and their basic properties are studied. The compatibility between filters and prefilters is also discussed.


Neutrosophic Analysis On Internalization Of Higher Education In Indian Perspective, Nivetha Martin, Said Broumi, N. Ramila Gandhi, P. Pandiammal Sep 2024

Neutrosophic Analysis On Internalization Of Higher Education In Indian Perspective, Nivetha Martin, Said Broumi, N. Ramila Gandhi, P. Pandiammal

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The developing nations of the Asian continent, especially India, are trying to elevate the educational standards by inaugurating the portals of international institutional linkages. Collaboration with foreign universities provides opportunities for the aspiring students to confer degrees from world premier institutions by stationing in their host nation. At the same time, the consequential impacts of the institutional linkages beyond the contours of countries need special attention to investigate on the dimensions of social, economic and culture. This chapter aims to make an intensive study on the challenges and impacts of institutional linkages between Institutions belonging to developing and developed nations. …


On Neutrosophic Crisp G#Α Closed Set Operators, K. Tharani, V. Kokilavani Sep 2024

On Neutrosophic Crisp G#Α Closed Set Operators, K. Tharani, V. Kokilavani

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The concept of g#α closed set in general topological spaces was first introduced by Muthukumaraswamy K et. al.,. Recently, kokilavani V, Tharani K et. al., introduced neutrosophic crisp g#α closed set in neutrosophic crisp topological space. Now, in this present paper, we introduced and study the neutrosophic crisp topological properties of neutrosophic crisp g#α interior, neutrosophic crisp g#α closure, neutrosophic crisp g#α frontier, neutrosophic crisp g#α border, neutrosophic crisp g#α exterior via the concept of neutrosophic crisp g#α open set.


Study Of The Immunoserological Patterns Of Respiratory Infections In Children Under 15 Years Of Age In The Riobamba Region Based On Refined Neutrosophic Statistics, Lizbeth Geovanna Silva Guayasamín, Christian Andrés Silva Sarabia, Lisbeth Josefina Reales Chacón, Isaac Germán Pérez Vargas, Natalia Eliana Cáceres Cadena, Cesar Lenin Pilamunga Lema, Carlos Antonio Escobar Suárez, María José Terán Bejarano Sep 2024

Study Of The Immunoserological Patterns Of Respiratory Infections In Children Under 15 Years Of Age In The Riobamba Region Based On Refined Neutrosophic Statistics, Lizbeth Geovanna Silva Guayasamín, Christian Andrés Silva Sarabia, Lisbeth Josefina Reales Chacón, Isaac Germán Pérez Vargas, Natalia Eliana Cáceres Cadena, Cesar Lenin Pilamunga Lema, Carlos Antonio Escobar Suárez, María José Terán Bejarano

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an important cause of consultation in the emergency room and depending on the general condition of the person; it can become complicated and lifethreatening. The general objective of this study is to identify the immunoserology of acute respiratory infections in children under 15 years of age in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador in 2023; it consists of a statistical study in 85 children and adolescents. This research made it possible to identify the presence or absence of acute respiratory infections. The infections found are provoked by viruses, atypical bacteria, or a combination of both pathogens. …


On Supra Neutrosophic Multiset Topological Spaces, S. P. R. Priyalatha, S. Vanitha, R. Sowndariya, S. Deeipthi Sep 2024

On Supra Neutrosophic Multiset Topological Spaces, S. P. R. Priyalatha, S. Vanitha, R. Sowndariya, S. Deeipthi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this article, we present a novel concept of the supra neutrosophic multiset topological space. We describe the behaviour of neutrosophic sets and multiset with in this framework. Additionally, we define the supra neutrosophic open multiset (SNOMS), supra neutrosohic closed multiset (SNCMS), supra neutrosophic interior multiset, and supra neutrosophic closure multiset, and provide examples to illustrate their properties


On Perserving Neutrosophic G-Closed Sets, Archana Kumari Prasad, Samajh Singh Thakur, Saeid Jafari Sep 2024

On Perserving Neutrosophic G-Closed Sets, Archana Kumari Prasad, Samajh Singh Thakur, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper we extend the concepts of a-closed and a-continuous mappings to neutrosophic topological spaces and obtain several results concerning the preservation of neutrosophic g-closed sets. Further more we characterize neutrosophic T12 -spaces in terms of neutrosophic a-continuous and neutrosophic a-closed mappings and obtain some of the basic properties and characterization of these mappings


Schweizer-Sklar Power Aggregation Operators Based On Complexsingle-Valued Neutrosophic Information Using Smart And Their Application In Green Supply Chain Management, Priyadharshini S, Mohanaselvi S Sep 2024

Schweizer-Sklar Power Aggregation Operators Based On Complexsingle-Valued Neutrosophic Information Using Smart And Their Application In Green Supply Chain Management, Priyadharshini S, Mohanaselvi S

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

A complex single-valued neutrosophic (CSVN) set is a very useful tool to handle the uncertainty, inconsistency, and ambiguity of knowledge in a periodic framework. The Schweizer-Sklar (SS) t-norm (TN) and t-conorm (TCN) enhance the flexibility of a procedure for aggregation depending on its parameters, whereas the power aggregation(PA) operator prevents insufficient impact of excessively high or low arguments on the results. Based on the idea of Schweizer-Sklar power aggregation operators, this paper aims to propose a number of aggregation operators such as complex single-valued neutrosophic Schweizer-Sklar power weighted averaging (CSVNSSPWA), complex single-valued neutrosophic Schweizer-Sklar power ordered weighted averaging (CSVNSSPOWA). Weights …


Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Topology, P. Roopadevi, M. Karpagadevi, S. Gomathi, S. Krishnaprakash, Said Broumi Sep 2024

Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Topology, P. Roopadevi, M. Karpagadevi, S. Gomathi, S. Krishnaprakash, Said Broumi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, we introduce Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Topological Spaces (SFNTS), ex- panding on neutrosophic sets characterized by Degrees of Membership (DoM), Degrees of Indeterminacy (DoI) and Degrees of Non-Membership (DoN). Fermatean neutrosophic sets in a universe satisfy the conditions where the sum of the cubes of the DoM and DoN is between zero and one and the cube of the DoI is between zero and one. The DoM, DoI and DoN are represented accordingly. We de ne a Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Set (SFNS) as a set where each element consists of an element in the universe, along with its …


Neutrosophic Set Connected Mappings, S. S. Thakur, S. Jafari, G. Nordo Sep 2024

Neutrosophic Set Connected Mappings, S. S. Thakur, S. Jafari, G. Nordo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, the concept of neutrosophic connectedness between neutrosophic sets in neutrosophic topological spaces has been introduced. It is shown that a neutrosophic topological space is neutrosophic connected if and only if it is neutrosophic connected between every pair of its nonempty neutrosophic sets. Further, a new class of mappings called neutrosophic set connected mappings has been defined. It is shown that the class of all neutrosophic continuous mappings is a subclass all neutrosophic set-connected mappings. Several properties and characterizations of neutrosophic set-connected mappings in neutrosophic topological spaces have been studied.


Modified Explicit Scheme For Solving Neutrosophic Fuzzy Heat Equation, Hamzeh Zureigat Sep 2024

Modified Explicit Scheme For Solving Neutrosophic Fuzzy Heat Equation, Hamzeh Zureigat

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, an explicit finite difference method is developed and applied for the first time to solve the neutrosophic fuzzy heat equation. For this purpose, the triangular neutrosophic number is used in both the neutrosophic exact and numerical solution. In addition, solutions of neutrosophic fuzzy heat equation were observed at the (��, ��, ��)-cut with varied time scales. Also, the error between the analytical and numerical solution obtained on the (��, ��, ��)-cut is evaluated and illustrated. A good amount of agreement is seen using closed-form and numerical solutions.


Various Degrees Of Directed Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs, V. Visalakshi, D. Keerthana, C. Rajapandiyan, Saeid Jafari Sep 2024

Various Degrees Of Directed Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs, V. Visalakshi, D. Keerthana, C. Rajapandiyan, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper introduces the concept of Directed Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs (DSVNG) and explains how to determine the degree and total degree of vertices, considering both indegree and outdegree, along with the maximum and minimum degrees of a DSVNG. The properties of these aspects are analyzed through examples. Additionally, the paper identifies the effective edges of a DSVNG and explores the effective indegree, effective outdegree of vertices, as well as the effective maximum and minimum degrees in relation to indegree and outdegree with examples.


A Study On The Number Of Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces In A Finite Set, Jili Basumatary, Bhimraj Basumatary Sep 2024

A Study On The Number Of Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces In A Finite Set, Jili Basumatary, Bhimraj Basumatary

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The computation of formulae for the number of topological spaces is one of the challenging areas of study. The present work aims to find formulae to compute the number of neutrosophic crisp topological spaces having 2-NCrOSs, 3-NCrOSs, and 4-NCrOSs.


Application Of Neutrosophic Fourier Transform In Solving Heat Equation And Integral Equation, Prasen Boro, Bhimraj Basumatary Sep 2024

Application Of Neutrosophic Fourier Transform In Solving Heat Equation And Integral Equation, Prasen Boro, Bhimraj Basumatary

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Fourier transform is one of the oldest and well-known technique in the field of mathematics and engineering mathematical works. As the concept of uncertainty has been introduced in the mathematics, most of the works gravitate towards the use Neutrosophic set. So, it is also important to study the Fourier transform in the sense of Neutrosophic set. In this paper we have applied the Neutrosophic Fourier transform in solving heat equation, and integral equation. Where detailed examples are given to clarify each case


More On Neutrosophic Topology, S. Jafari, G. Nordo, S. S. Thakur Sep 2024

More On Neutrosophic Topology, S. Jafari, G. Nordo, S. S. Thakur

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of neutrosophic singletons and the induced neutrosophic topology. We also study some of its basic properties.


(M,A,N)-Fuzzy Neutrosophic Sets And Their Topological Structure, Samajh Singh Thakur, Saeid Jafari Sep 2024

(M,A,N)-Fuzzy Neutrosophic Sets And Their Topological Structure, Samajh Singh Thakur, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper the concept of (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic set is introduced and its basic operations are studied. It is shown by examples that the class of (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic sets properly contains the class of q-rung orthopair neutrosophic sets. Moreover, a topological structure on (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic sets is created, and the topological notions such as closure, interior, subspace, connectedness, and separation axioms, are extended to (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic sets and explore their properties in (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic topological spaces.


On The Algebra Of Possibly Paraconsistent Sets, Tomasz Witczak Sep 2024

On The Algebra Of Possibly Paraconsistent Sets, Tomasz Witczak

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper we define the notion of possibly paraconsistent sets. We introduce algebraic operations on them and we analyze their properties. Moreover, it is shown that our class can be considered as isomorphic to the classes of intuitionistic and weak rough sets (with the assumption that intersection, union and complement are understood in an appropriate manner). Hence, the framework of paraconsistent sets can be treated as a new semantics for three-valued logic. Two less typical operations on possibly paraconsistent sets are studied too. They do not give us de Morgan algebra but rather a bisemilattice with only one absorption …


Key Performance Indicators In Technology Firms Using Generalized Fermatean Neutrosophic Competition Graph, Wadei Faris Al-Omeri, M Kaviyarasu, M Rajeshwari Sep 2024

Key Performance Indicators In Technology Firms Using Generalized Fermatean Neutrosophic Competition Graph, Wadei Faris Al-Omeri, M Kaviyarasu, M Rajeshwari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates fermatean neutrosophic digraphs, generalized fermatean neutrosophic digraphs, and the out-neighborhood of vertices inside generalized fermatean neutrosophic digraphs. It looks at the qualities and characteristics of generalized fermatean neutrosophic competition graphs and their matrix representations. It also establishes the minimal graph, competition number for generalized fermatean neutrosophic competition graphs, and relevant features. Finally, the paper addresses a practical implementation of these ideas.


Plithogenic Forest Hypersoft Sets In Plithogenic Contradiction Based Multi-Criteria Decision Making, P. Sathya, Nivetha Martin, Florentine Smarandache Sep 2024

Plithogenic Forest Hypersoft Sets In Plithogenic Contradiction Based Multi-Criteria Decision Making, P. Sathya, Nivetha Martin, Florentine Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Plithogenic based decision making approaches are more versatile and accommodative with regard to attribute handling This paper introduces the concepts of Plithogenic Forest hypersoft set (PFHS) and develops a Plithogenic centered decision-making model with PFHS representations. The Plithogenic method of devising decisions based on contradictions is integrated with the newly introduced representations of PFHS to develop a robust decision-making technique to deal with attributes and sub-attributive values at a larger scale. The integrated method proposed in this work is applied to a decision-making problem of site selection for establishing manufacturing plants. The core attributes are identified and the respective Plithogenic …