Digital Commons Network^™

Reimagining The Machine Vision Pipeline In Cyber Physical Systems For Trustworthiness And Efficiency, Adith Boloor

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), including autonomous vehicles, drones, and mobile robots, rely on intricate sensors, actuators, and machine learning algorithms to perceive the physical world and execute actions within their surroundings. In the context of vision-driven CPS, achieving this demands processing a substantial volume of visual data captured by on-board cameras. The data is subsequently channeled through digital processors and harnessed by deep neural networks for tasks such as image classification, object detection, and depth perception. This data-centric, machine-vision-infused CPS fosters intelligent decision-making, thereby enhancing overall system performance. Trustworthiness, encompassing the robustness of the entire machine-vision pipeline, and system-level efficiency are …

Multimodal Representation Learning Frameworks For Modeling Progression And Heterogeneity In Alzheimer’S Disease, Sayantan Kumar

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairments that disrupt daily activities. Different clinical modalities such as neuroimaging biomarkers, cognitive assessments, fluid biomarkers and genetic data provide unique and complementary information, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of disease progression and heterogeneity in disease characteristics. With recent advancements in computational capabilities, particularly in deep learning, multimodal representation learning frameworks aim to integrate diverse clinical modalities into a cohesive framework, capturing the most significant patterns within each modality. Existing data-driven multimodal representation learning frameworks in AD research have two major limitations. First, AD progresses …

Integrating Physics And Deep Learning For Transmission-Less Attenuation Compensation In Clinical Spect, Zitong Yu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Attenuation compensation (AC) is beneficial for visual interpretation and serves as a prerequisite for quantification tasks in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. However, conventional AC methods typically rely on a separate X-ray CT component, leading to multiple challenges. In this context, studies have shown that scatter-window projection data contains information to estimate the attenuation distribution. Furthermore, large amounts of SPECT emission data in both photopeak and scatter-energy windows and corresponding CT scans are available. The ability of deep learning (DL) to model complex relationships by leveraging large datasets motivates its use for transmission-less AC in SPECT. Building upon the …

The Encoding Of Decision Variables In Orbitofrontal Cortex (Ofc) Is Longitudinally Stable And Varies By Cortical Layer, Manning Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Economic choices entail computing the values of different options and then making choice by comparing values. Work in primates and rodents has shown that these mental processes rely on the OFC. Neurophysiology studies identified in OFC distinct groups of neurons encoding the value of individual options, the binary choice outcome, and the chosen value. These variables capture both the input and the output of the decision process, suggesting a decision circuit existing in OFC. A primary challenge for the field is to assess the structure and mechanisms governing this circuit. A first fundamental question is whether the circuit is stable …

Reimagining The Machine Vision Pipeline In Cyber Physical Systems For Trustworthiness And Efficiency, Adith Boloor

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), including autonomous vehicles, drones, and mobile robots, rely on intricate sensors, actuators, and machine learning algorithms to perceive the physical world and execute actions within their surroundings. In the context of vision-driven CPS, achieving this demands processing a substantial volume of visual data captured by on-board cameras. The data is subsequently channeled through digital processors and harnessed by deep neural networks for tasks such as image classification, object detection, and depth perception. This data-centric, machine-vision-infused CPS fosters intelligent decision-making, thereby enhancing overall system performance. Trustworthiness, encompassing the robustness of the entire machine-vision pipeline, and system-level efficiency are …

Development Of Computational Imaging Pipelines To Advance Quantitative Co-Clinical Imaging And Pathology, Kaushik Dutta

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Deep learning driven computational methods have profoundly impacted medical imaging by advancing feature extraction, and by establishing a critical foundation for downstream image analysis and interpretation. Co-clinical trials are an emerging area of investigation in which a clinical trial is coupled with a corresponding preclinical study to inform the corresponding clinical trial to enhance translational accuracy and therapeutic development. Within this framework, quantitative imaging and pathology plays a fundamental role in both clinical and preclinical arms of co-clinical trials. Quantitative imaging enables enabling identification and validation of imaging biomarkers which are leveraged to predict therapeutic response, characterize disease phenotypes, and …

Spatial Insight Of Kidney Sex-Dimorphism And Tumor Evolution, Chia-Kuei Mo

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The landscape of spatial biology research has transformed drastically in recent years allowing a comprehensive understanding of cellular organization and molecular mechanisms in various biological context. This thesis presents three complementary studies that advance our understanding of spatial organization in normal tissue biology and tumor evolution, utilizing cutting-edge spatial multi-omics approaches. The first study presents a comprehensive investigation of kidney sexual dimorphism across the lifespan, integrating six distinct technological platforms: single-nucleus transcriptomics, epigenomics, Visium spatial transcriptomics, Xenium single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomics, conventional immunofluorescence imaging, and co-detection by indexing (CODEX) multiplexed protein imaging. This multi-modal approach reveals that proximal tubules exhibit …

Importance Of Social Support During Pregnancy For Girls With Limited Education, Mairo V. Bello

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Social support signifies a system that provides for family, relatives, and friends or is derived from external sources such as social services or health promotion networks and can reduce depression and increase well-being. Absent from the literature was the understanding of the significance of social support for young women with limited education aged 18-25 on the journey from conception to the postpartum period in Nigeria. In this qualitative phenomenological study, the individual perception, attitude, and social support received by young women with limited education during pregnancy in Wudil LGA of Kano state in northern Nigeria were examined. The study addressed …

The Search For Unenumerated Fundamental Rights, Alina Sluzhyvenkova

Student Theses and Dissertations

There are certain rights that are explicitly enumerated in the Constitution, e.g., right to bear arms, right to free speech, right to a speedy and public trial. There are also rights that aren’t specifically written out but are nevertheless enjoyed by people nationwide. Rights that aren’t explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, but which are fundamental to are called the unenumerated rights. Unenumerated rights are just as important and can be derived from natural law, enumerated rights, the Ninth Amendment, precedents, judicial opinions, and substantive due process.

Substantive due process is a principle guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, which …

“Baking Inclusion Into Everything”: Internal Communication And Black And Latina Women’S Stories Of Intersectionality, Natalie Martell-Concepcion

Student Theses and Dissertations

Internal communications play a major role in creating diverse and inclusive workplace cultures. This study explores the lived experiences of Black and Latina women who work in internal communications, offering unique insights into how their identities intersect with workplace culture and strategic communication. Through a qualitative approach, six intersectional women, three Black and three Latina, were interviewed to examine how gender, racial and ethnic identities influence their work experiences and contributions. The results indicate that while Black and Latina women are treated differently at work compared to other groups, they use their differences to positively contribute to their companies’ internal …

Characterization Of Tfiie-Regulated Genes By Transcriptome Analysis, Serdar Baysal

Turkish Journal of Biology

RETRACTED: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for details. An Expression of Concern was previously published.

Previous studies on GTF2E showed that it has association with certain group of diseases such as colon cancer and trichothiodystrophy but what is the global effect of GTF2E on cellular processes is not widely characterized. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate and characterize the affect of GTF2E on transcription level of genes and identify the cellular processes and diseases associated with GTF2E. The HCT116 cell line was used in the study and transfected at 30 nM concentration with …

On Relationship Between Experiment And Theory In Basic Scientific Research, Changpu Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Understanding how experiments in basic scientific research “confirm” theories is crucial for upholding the spirit of science and fostering technological innovation. Mr. Zhou Guangzhao conducted an in-depth discussion on this topic in his early work. This study further analyzes the issue from the perspective of the philosophy of science. We derive falsificationism from a Bayesian perspective, providing a philosophical understanding of the proper handling of the relationship between scientific theory and experiment. By examining the relationship between theory and experiment in physics, this study proposes a philosophy of science concept of progressive falsifiability, emphasizing that through Bayesian methods, experiments can …

Action Logic And Agenda Game Of Global Methane Emission Control And China’S Countermeasures, Bo Zhang, Jinling Guo, Bing Zhong, Junlian Gao, Guosheng Zhang, He Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Originated from the global response to climate change, methane emission control has evolved into a focus of international climate negotiations in recent years. At present, the agenda for controlling methane emission in global climate governance is basically taking shape, but in the process of shifting from scientific consensus to political consensus, the content of the topic and the focus of the game continue to evolve. To carry out global action, it is necessary to address issues such as the allocation of responsibilities, international rules, climate investment and financing, and risk prevention, as well as the basic capacity guarantees behind them. …

Overall Promotion Of Integrated Management And Utilization Of Saline-Alkali Land In Northwest China: Conditions, Challenges, And Recommendations, Qi Feng, Xinwei Yin, Meng Zhu, Jutao Zhang, Wei Liu, Haiyang Xi, Tengfei Yu, Linshan Yang, Wen Liu, Zhixiang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production and the foundation for food security. Saline-alkali land in Northwest China is an important cultivated land reserve resource and a potential granary for guaranteeing national food security, so the high-quality promotion of comprehensive management and utilization of saline-alkali land in Northwest China is a strategic measure to achieve the goal of “storing grain in land and technology”. Based on a profound understanding of the great significance for promoting the integrated management and utilization of saline-alkali land in Northwest China, this study systematically summarizes the quantity, distribution pattern, and utilization potential of saline-alkali …

China’S Rare Earths Trade Flow Analysis: Trade Patterns And Strategic Insights, Linbin Tang, Peng Wang, Wei Chen, Yawen Han, Yuning Jin, Zilong Peng, Weiqiang Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Rare earth elements are strategic critical metals that support low-carbon energy, aerospace, and defense technologies. Currently, China’s rare earth industry lacks competitiveness and faces the risk of “multidimensional pressures” in global competition. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically analyze the supply-demand and trade patterns of rare earths, accurately identify the bottlenecks and pain points in China’s entire rare earth industry chain, and provide strategies to transform China’s rare earth resource advantage into a strategic competitive edge. Based on customs trade data, this study traces the trade flows of various forms of rare earth products across the full industry chain in …

A Study On Common Characteristics And Mechanisms On Growth Of Strategic Scientists From Perspective Of Life Course Theory, Chenghua Lin, Weijia Zhang, Yanyi Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study was conducted on six renowned strategic scientists in China using the life cycle theory framework. The research explored the key competency characteristics, growth trajectories, and influencing factors in their growth process. The findings revealed that the capabilities of Chinese strategic scientists encompass four dimensions: scientific metacognition, strategic planning, team coordination, and spiritual leadership. These capabilities exhibit staged development characteristics, including phases of enlightenment, wisdom enhancement, and molding. They are influenced by a comprehensive range of factors, including the influence of others, resource conservation, and career construction. To further optimize the environment for cultivating and utilizing strategic scientists in …

How Should China Respond To “Pan-Data Sovereignty” Competition Among China, U.S., And Eu—An Analysis Based On The Digital Stack Model?, Yan Liu, Congjing Ran

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Data sovereignty has become deeply intertwined with various economic and social development factors such as technology, trade, economy, culture, society, and politics, leading to a “Pan-Data Sovereignty” competition pattern in the digital space. Through the digital stack model, which examines digital technologies in a layered framework, we can more clearly assess the competitive capacities in“Pan-Data Sovereignty” of China, United States, and European Union. The analysis identifies a three-tiered global “Pan-Data Sovereignty” competition structure among China, U.S., and EU, with each entity holding distinct advantages across various layers of the digital stack. Intense future competition is anticipated in fields such as …

Research And Reflection On Transformation Of Resource-Based Cities In China—A Case Study Of Datong City, Shanxi Province, Zhijian Xiong, Hong Zhao, Xiuli Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Currently, there are 262 resource-based cities in China, of which mature and declining cities account for 79.39%. These cities have made significant contributions to the country’s economic and social development, but now they are facing severe challenges and difficulties, and their transformation problems urgently need to be solved. This work studies the mechanism of resource-based transformation and proposes strategies for the transformation of resource-based cities: (1) Transformation should be comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable; (2) Transformation should fully leverage the leading role of the market while also taking into account the fundamental role of the government; (3) Transformation should fully leverage …

Beyond Bindis, Bhajis, Bangles And Bhangra: Promoting Multiculturalism In Primary Schools In Predominantly White British Places, Suparna Bagchi

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

Twenty-first-century education as a powerful means of knowledge will possibly be shaped by the emphasis it places on having classrooms that are race-conscious and multicultural. The present article is based on a doctoral study that explores an under-researched area: experiences and understanding of multiculturalism in mainstream primary schools situated in the predominantly White places of Southwest England. The study was underpinned by a sociocultural theoretical framework; data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the adult participants, students’ classroom activities, and documentary analysis of school displays. The article focuses on the data generated from the students’ classroom activities. Findings show differences …

Womb, Gravity, And Space: Shifting Towards The Cerebellum-Basal Ganglia Paradigm In Dystonia, Diego Iacono

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Bile Acids In Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Pathophysiology To Treatment, Samantha H Bai, Arun Chandnani, Siyan Cao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects about 7 million people worldwide, and new therapies are needed. Understanding the complex roles that bile acids (BAs) play in IBD may lead to the development of novel IBD treatments independent of direct immunosuppression. This review discusses the latest discoveries in the roles BAs play in IBD pathogenesis and explores how these discoveries offer promising new therapeutic targets to treat IBD and improve patient outcomes. Several therapies discussed include specific BA receptor (BAR) agonists, dietary therapies, supplements, probiotics, and mesenchymal stem cell therapies that have all been shown to decrease …

Retrospective Derivation Of A Causal Pathway For Diabetic Ketoacidosis In Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Jeffrey A Kline, Nicholas A Wesner, Amina T Sharif, Richard T Griffey, Phillip D Levy, Robert D Welch, George Grunberger

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Type 2 ketone-prone diabetes mellitus (T2KPDM) is thought to occur in men of African descent, with obesity who experienced prolonged hyperglycemia; the role of medication non-adherence as a contributing cause remains unstudied.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of unique adults (>18 years) who sought emergency care one of four hospitals in the greater Detroit area. Patients were identified on the basis of a laboratory order for a ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Two research coordinators abstracted 119 data fields. Patients were divided into four phenotypes: (1) no prior DM, (2) type 2 DM without prior ketosis, (3) …

Results Of The Simultaneous Combination Of Ponatinib And Blinatumomab In Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive All, Hagop Kantarjian, Nicholas J Short, Fadi G Haddad, Nitin Jain, Xuelin Huang, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Naval Daver, Kelly Chien, Yesid Alvarado, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Ghayas C Issa, Rebecca Garris, Cedric Nasnas, Lewis Nasr, Farhad Ravandi, Elias Jabbour

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.In this analysis, we update our experience with the chemotherapy-free regimen of blinatumomab and ponatinib in 60 patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive ALL. At a median follow-up of 24 months, the complete molecular response rate …

The Occurrence And Biogeochemical Cycling Of Quaternary, Ternary And Volatile Amines In Marine Systems, Mark Fitzsimons, Ruth Airs, Yin Chen

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This review provides a critical assessment of knowledge regarding the occurrence and behaviour of volatile, low molecular weight amines, particularly methylamines and quaternary amines, in marine aquatic systems. It provides an up-to-date evaluation of their presence within marine ecosystems, the processes likely to control their flux across the sea-air interface, and analytical techniques associated with their measurement. Interest in the occurrence and cycling of these groups of compounds in seawater has increased within the last 10–15 years, due to their potential role in climate regulation. As such, the need for wider measurements and mechanistic studies to elucidate their role within …

Impact Of Global Environmental Changes On The Range Contraction Of Eurasian Moose Since The Late Pleistocene, Magdalena Niedziałkowska, Marcin Górny, Joanna Gornia, Danijela Popović, Mateusz Baca, Urszula Ratajczak-Skrzatek, Oleksandr Kovalchuk, Maciej Sykut, Małgorzata Suska-Malawska, Paweł Mackiewicz, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Rafał Kowalczyk, Maxim Czarniauski, Kamilla Pawłowska, Daniel Makowiecki, Larisa Tataurova, Alexey Bondarev, Andrey Shpansky, Albert V. Protopopov, Aleksandr Dmitrievich Sorokin, Urmas Saarma, Pavel Kosintsev, Ulrich Schmölcke, Jarosław Wilczyński, Grzegorz Lipecki, Adam Nadachowski, Gennady G. Boeskorov, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Roberto Zorzin, Nadezhda Vorobiova

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Climatic oscillations are considered primary factors influencing the distribution of various life forms on Earth. Large species adapted to cold climates are particularly vulnerable to extinction due to climate changes. In our study, we investigated whether temperature increase since the Late Pleistocene and the contraction of environmental niche during the Holocene were the main factors contributing to the decreasing range of moose (Alces alces) in Europe. We also examined whether there were significant differences in environmental conditions between areas inhabited by moose in Europe and Asia, that could support the division of moose into western and eastern forms, as suggested …

Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase Of Predominant Human Norovirus Forms Liquid-Liquid Phase Condensates As Viral Replication Factories, Sreejesh Shanker, Gundeep Kaur, Sue E Crawford, Jeroen Pollet, Fabio Stossi, Mary K Estes, B V Venkataram Prasad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Many viral proteins form biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to support viral replication and evade host antiviral responses, and thus, they are potential targets for designing antivirals. In the case of nonenveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, forming such condensates for viral replication is unclear and less understood. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are positive-sense RNA viruses that cause epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. Here, we show that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of pandemic GII.4 HuNoV forms distinct condensates that exhibit all the signature properties of LLPS with sustained polymerase activity and the capability of recruiting components essential for viral replication. …

A Confidence-Based Knowledge Integration Framework For Cross-Domain Table Question Answering, Yuankai Fan, Tonghui Ren, Can Huang, Beini Zheng, Yinan Jing, Zhenying He, Jinbao Li, Jianxin Li

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Recent advancements in TableQA leverage sequence-to-sequence (Seq2seq) deep learning models to accurately respond to natural language queries. These models achieve this by converting the queries into SQL queries, using information drawn from one or more tables. However, Seq2seq models often produce uncertain (low-confidence) predictions when distributing probability mass across multiple outputs during a decoding step, frequently yielding translation errors. To tackle this problem, we present CKIF, a confidence-based knowledge integration framework that uses a two-stage deep-learning-based ranking technique to mitigate the low-confidence problem commonly associated with Seq2seq models for TableQA. The core idea of CKIF is to introduce a flexible …

Technology And Language Learning: Exposure To Tv And Radio News And Speaking Proficiency, Taher Bahrani, Tam Shu Sim

Kritika Kultura

Technology has dominated the world by extensive improvements in audio/visual mass media such as TV and radio. TV and radio are not just entertainment tools anymore, but can be used as pedagogically valuable technology that can provide authentic language input for language learning. This study examines the effect of exposure to TV and radio news on improving EFL learners’ speaking proficiency. To achieve this purpose, a speaking proficiency test is administered to 200 language learners, with 60 intermediate language learners selected and randomly divided into Groups 1 and 2. During the experiment, Group 1 participants are exposed to TV and …

Subaltern Planet Of Cultural Studies, Charlie Samuya Veric

Kritika Kultura

A contribution to a mostly unwritten history, the essay provides a preliminary account of cultural studies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America from decolonization to globalization. My intention is two-fold, namely, to contribute to the history of cultural studies in the global South and experiment with the writing of planetary history to determine the lessons that can be learned when totality is imagined from below. I argue that whether it is the geopolitics of decolonization in Asia, the politics of indigenization in Africa, or the critique of knowledge-production in Latin America, cultural studies signifies the unfinished task of decolonization.

Writing Philippine History Of Ideas And Fernando Amorsolo's Modern Art, Jovino G. Miroy

Kritika Kultura

Writing Philippine history of ideas requires that we problematize the discipline of intellectual history itself. Rethinking of itself vis-a-vis cultural and social history, Philippine history of ideas would no longer rehearse the development of philosophy in the Philippines, but also of art, religion, etc. The paper discusses how Amorsolo may be considered a modern painter. Amorsolo’s art eludes comprehension because his notion of subjectivity as well as intersubjectivity transgresses the Cartesian break between subject and object. As a modern painter, he positioned himself as an individualist, but was still able to communicate to his culture.