Digital Commons Network^™

Blinded By The Light: Resolving The Conflict Between Satellite Megaconstellations And Astronomy, David A. Koplow

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The sudden emergence of large constellations of small satellites in low altitude orbits represents one of the most dramatic contemporary innovations in outer space. Promising low-cost, low-latency global communications and spectacular capacities for remote sensing of the Earth, these satellites will soon number in the tens of thousands, sponsored by diverse corporations and countries around the world. But this proliferation of spacecraft comes at a steep cost in unavoidable interference with ground-based astronomy: as the satellites overfly the observatories, they block the views of remote objects and phenomena, leaving obliterating white streaks on the collected imagery, and obscuring access to …

Large Constellations Of Small Satellites: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly, And The Illegal, David A. Koplow

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The most exciting and far-reaching contemporary developments regarding human activities in outer space arise from the recent drastic reductions in the costs of building, launching, and operating satellites, and from the concomitant sudden emergence of large constellations of small, inexpensive, privately-owned spacecraft. These satellites--devoted to highly remunerative functions such as communications (bringing high-speed, affordable internet to underserved constituencies), remote sensing (facilitating land use planning, weather forecasting, and emergency search and rescue), and support for military operations (in Ukraine and elsewhere)--already number in the thousands and will soon reach the tens of thousands.

But in addition to generating billions of …

Brown Now: The Surprising Possibility Of Progressive Reform, Louis Michael Seidman

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

For four decades, the Supreme Court has engaged in a determined, systematic and successful effort to transform and tame Brown v. Board of Education. But in this article, written for a symposium on Brown at 70, I suggest a surprising counterweight to the standard narrative. If one takes modern doctrine seriously -- a big if, I concede-- it has the potential to support some progressive goals.

In particular, modern doctrine might provide progressives answers to three questions:

1. Are race-conscious but facially neutral means of increasing diversity at state institutions of higher education constitutional?
2. Are legacy admissions to state run institutions …

Congress's Power To Investigate Crime: Did Trump Kill Kilbourn?, David Rapallo

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Can Congress investigate crime? Targets of congressional investigations have tried to argue for decades that the Constitution grants Congress no authority to investigate illegal conduct, but instead vests this power exclusively in the executive and judicial branches. Former President Donald Trump was one of the most recent litigants to make this claim, repeatedly invoking a Supreme Court case from 1881, Kilbourn v. Thompson, despite the fact that the Court condemned this opinion decades ago as “severely discredited.” In contrast, Congress has successfully asserted its own constitutional authority to investigate all types of activity—including illegal conduct—not to prosecute the offenders, …

Towards Fda–Uspto Cooperation, John R. Thomas

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) play complementary roles in driving pharmaceutical innovation. Yet, for the most part, the agencies conduct their affairs without regard for one another. Recent calls for a “whole of government” approach to reduce this departmentalism have led to only modest initiatives. Collectively, the FDA and USPTO have announced mandates that they have no intention of enforcing; conducted cross- training in topics that their employees will most likely never use; and resisted proposed legislation that would formalize their relationship.

Current agency intransigence represents a lost opportunity to further the …

The (Still) Unexplored Possibilities Of A Poetics Of Law, Naomi Mezey

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this contribution to the symposium celebrating the Fiftieth Anniversary of James Boyd White’s The Legal Imagination, I have accepted White’s invitation in the last chapter of his magisterial book to think about poems and judicial opinions as compatible acts of imagination and meaning making. White asks brilliant questions, and his book is full of them, each a nugget of insight and also a prod that asks the reader to think harder, think deeper, revisit her first thoughts, to perhaps change her mind, and above all, with guidance, to educate herself. In this chapter of the book, White is …

Loper Bright In A Larger Interpretive Perspective: Is This Justice Scalia’S Court Anymore?, Victoria Frances Nourse

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo has left administrative lawyers agog: Could the Supreme Court really reverse the “goliath” known as Chevron deference? For those who study the Court’s interpretive landscape more broadly, however, Chevron reversal may not be as unexpected as administrative lawyers believe. This Article will look at Loper Bright by linking three notable interpretive developments: the major questions doctrine, Chevron skepticism, and strict constructions of statutory text. These developments share the same risk: the Court is imposing a new “clarity tax” on both Congress and administrative agencies. Having said this, others’ grave worries about changes in Chevron are …

Breast Tissue As A Local Drug Reservoir For Anticancer Therapy In Breast Cancer, Saniia Shchinar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer, particularly the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, remains a formidable challenge in oncology. Traditional oral therapies for ER-positive breast cancer, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like Tamoxifen (TAM) and Toremifene (TOR), often encounter issues related to limited bioavailability, metabolic complications, and significant systemic side effects. These side effects include the risk of blood clots, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, menstrual cycle disruptions, and uterus cancer, which can hinder long-term adherence to preventive therapy. The exploration of local drug delivery into breast tissue presents a promising alternative to tackle these challenges. In this study, we explored the feasibility of …

Delivery Of Gemcitabine, Stearoyl Gemcitabine And Paclitaxel Through Plga Nanoparticles And Its Effect On The Desmoplasia Of Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids, Rishabh Bahl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers to treat. The primary cause for the drug resistance is the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the tumor and restricts blood supply. Gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) are drugs that are clinically used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. GEM, however, is rapidly metabolized by cytidine deaminase (CDA) and eliminated from the body, and paclitaxel is a substrate for P- glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux receptors. Drug delivery using nanoparticles has been reported to help improve drug half-lives and bypass efflux receptors. This thesis aims to encapsulate PTX in PLGA nanoparticles (PTX-NP) and …

Role Of Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 (Ifitm3) And Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down Regulated Protein 4 (Nedd4) In Seneca Virus A (Sva) Replication, Shamiq Aftab

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this study, we studied the role of IFITM3 in SVA replication in vitro by silencing the endogenous IFITM3 in NCI-H1299 cells. An average of 1.94-fold increase in SVA VP2 expression and an average of 4.4-fold increase in supernatant virus titer was observed after 24h SVA isolate SD15-26 infection. We have indeed observed an increase in viral mRNA copies by an average of 5-fold in IFITM3 silenced NCI-H1299 cells at 8 hpi indicating that IFITM3 restricts SVA replication post virus attachment and entry. A positive correlation between interferon-alpha induced IFITM3 upregulation and reduced SVA replication was observed. To further confirm …

Understanding The Education Profiles Of Eight Latin American Countries, Girl Center

Adolescents and Young People

Despite significant progress in improving primary enrollment and attainment for girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in recent years, gender disparities in education persist and hinder opportunities for girls. Educational attainment for girls has plateaued in numerous countries, with only a few making significant strides in narrowing the gender gap. Moreover, attainment alone does not always translate to improved learning. Gender-related barriers such as school environments that are not conducive to learning and the experience of violence, early and forced marriage, and early childbearing, as well as a lack of support for girls’ education impede attainment and learning. The …

Xenophobia, The Global War On Terror, And Refugee Policy In The United States, Canada, And Western Europe, Chloe Lopez

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Xenophobia has oscillated in intensity in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe since the late eighteenth century. This pattern of fear of immigrants and refugees being harbingers of violence and criminal activity establishes itself throughout the modern history of the United States, Canada, and Western Europe despite much evidence to the contrary. In the twentieth century, the prevailing argument surrounding the creation of xenophobia centered around economics. This divergence from twenty-first century patterns can be attributed to the Global War on Terror increasing alienation of refugees and immigrants through mythmaking and the structural securitization of immigration in the United …

A Clustering-Based Approached To Analyze Impacts Of Digital Divide On Undercounting Issues In Census In Florida, Partha Protim Datta

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

According to the US Census Bureau 2020 data, Florida is one of the six states where the population was undercounted. The census in the US is conducted every ten years and plays a pivotal role in shaping government representation, resource allocation, policy making and federal assistance distribution. Consequently, undercounting of population impacts demographic equality, potentially leading to inequitable distribution of resources. The state of Florida will lose billions of dollars by the end of the decade due to this undercounting issue. So, it is an important task to find the proper reason and sources of undercounting in Florida. The US …

Spatial Equity In Accessing Critical Facilities During Hurricanes, Pooya Komeilian

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Florida encounters multiple natural disasters every year, making evacuation a critical mitigation plan when severe impacts are predicted. Evacuation is a complex procedure that involves everything from household decision-making to large-scale traffic network analysis. It also addresses logistical issues, such as transporting impacted people to shelters or medical centers. Access to shelters, gas stations, and lodgings is of utmost importance, as numerous studies and surveys have shown that some people prefer not to evacuate, even if they perceive the disaster risk to be very high.

Based on this, the present study follows two phases to address gaps in evacuation studies. …

Factors Influencing Household Travel Behavior And Trip Distances In Florida: A Rural Vs. Urban Perspective, Kadeem Lafargue

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates disparities in travel behaviors between rural and urban populations in the United States, with a specific focus on Florida. Leveraging data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), the study examines demographic factors such as age, income, and household size, and their influence on travel patterns. By employing statistical methods including Poisson and negative binomial regression models, the research explores two key variables: the frequency of trips made per day and the average trip distance in miles. These models are particularly effective in handling overdispersion in count data, ensuring a robust analysis of travel behaviors across …

Passperfect: A Secure One Time Password Authentication System, Charlene H. Crawshaw

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Most organizations have established strong password policies and standards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their data, applications, and critical systems. Even with rigorous implementations and layered approaches such as utilizing multifactor authentications, there are still flaws and vulnerabilities as they have a high dependency on the user adhering to them. In conjunction with these policies, a strong security awareness program should be implemented to educate the end user about strong password hygiene. In this work, we design and implement a secure one-time password (OTP) system, “PassPerfect”, to provide a method of enforcing a strong set of password …

Why Equity Follows The Law, Adam J. Macleod

Scholarly Articles

Renewed attention to equity in higher education is welcome because true equity helps us to reason together well. When administered correctly, the jurisprudence of equity models civil discourse and, therefore, can teach us how to carry out civic engagement reasonably. Equitable interpretation of the law teaches us how to understand each other charitably. And equity’s deference to law teaches us how to reason well together about our practical problems. Law is the practical reasoning that we do together. Equity serves the ends of justice by serving law, rather than undermining it. These functions of equity in adjudication point toward a …

Breach Of Faith: The Special Problem Of Osha Performance Standards, Marshall J. Breger, Arthur G. Sapper

Scholarly Articles

This Article focuses on a special problem with performance standards - that their performance criteria are often so subjective as to deny regulated persons a clear idea of what is required. It begins with a discussion of specification and performance standards in American regulatory history. It further discusses attempts by Congress and others to, therefore, require that performance criteria be “objective.” The Article then sets out a case study of how congressional attempts to require “objective” performance criteria have fared. It examines in depth whether one agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), has complied with that special requirement …

"Appropriate" Appropriations Challenges After Community Financial, Chad Squitieri

Scholarly Articles

The standard federal agency must come to Congress each year, hat in hand, and request another round of congressional funding. This annual appropriations process ensures that Congress maintains at least some influence over the vast array of rules and regulations that govern Americans' daily lives. Sure, Congress might have delegated broad authority to administrative agencies to develop national policy on Congress's behalf. But an agency reliant on annual appropriations is an agency with the financial incentive to exercise its delegated authority with an eye toward pleasing congressional appropriators. The annual appropriations process is therefore a sensible (even if insufficient) step …

Group Ownership And The Ends Of Legal Fictions, Adam J. Macleod

Scholarly Articles

The march of the progressive societies was, as we all know, from status to contract. And now? And now that forlorn old title is wont to introduce us to ever new species and new genera of persons, to vivacious controversy, to teeming life; and there are many to tell us that the line of advance is no longer from status to contract, but through contract to something that contract cannot explain, and for which our best, if an inadequate, name is the personality of the organized group.

Understanding Catalyst Design Principles In Transition Metal Mixed Anionic Chalcogenides For Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion, Ibrahim Abdullahi

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focused on the synthetic design of transition metal mixed anionic chalcogenide catalysts containing various ligand types around the central metal atom (chalcogen anion and chalcogen-based organic ligand) generating diverse crystal structure types applied for water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction reactions (CO₂RR).

A series of catalysts were synthesized starting with isolated metal complexes (ME_n) with a central metal core (M = Co, Ni, Cu, and Cr) through molecular clusters, to bulk nanostructured solids of similar M-E coordination. Bis(dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinato) were employed as ligands in the metal complexes, and anionic chalcogen (E = S, Se, and …

Development And Testing Of High Strength Scalable High Entropy Alloys, Hans Jakob Pommerenke

Doctoral Dissertations

"High entropy alloys have shown promise through their ability to be tailored to specific scenarios. From highly corrosive environments to precipitation strengthened alloys to radiation environments high entropy alloys allow tailor made alloys for every solution. New compositions are developed and tested but little work focuses on the processing effect choosing rather than using processing as a steppingstone to achieve properties without investigating the processing effects. This work focuses on single phase face-centered cubic alloys strengthened by processing and precipitation strengthening. In conjunction with the development of these alloys, the ability to scale production will be investigated and characterized to …

Low-Shrinkage Fiber-Reinforced Concrete For Infrastructure Construction And Rehabilitation, Jingjie Wei

Doctoral Dissertations

"The aim of this study is to develop two classes of low-shrinkage high-performance concrete (HPC): fiber-reinforced super workable concrete (FR-SWC) for infrastructure construction and fiber-reinforced self-consolidating concrete (FR-SCC) for repair applications. HPC with excess content of shrinkage mitigation materials (SMMs), including shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA), superabsorbent polymer (SAP), and expansive agent (EA) has a detrimental effect on mechanical performance. These classes of HPC were optimized to reduce shrinkage, enhance mechanical properties, and improve durability. The effect of fiber type (macro synthetic fiber, MSF; 5D steel fiber, 5D; 80% 3D + 20% short steel fibers; STST), SMMs, and plastic viscosity on bond …

Additive Manufacturing Of Steel And Aluminum Structures: Modeling And Experiments, Manoj Kumar Reddy Rangapuram

Doctoral Dissertations

"Additive manufacturing (AM) is defined as the process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional model data. Complex geometries can be easily manufactured compared to conventional subtractive methods with more freedom and flexibility in the design process. As the demand for AM process increased, it has become critical to understand the process and various parameters that constitute in affecting the quality of the manufactured part. Conducting experiments can be time intensive and costly to optimize a process. Modeling can be used as an aid to optimize, examine, and predict the process outcome.

The objective of this study is (i) …

การตีความข้อยกเว้นด้านความมั่นคงมาตรา Xxi(B) ขององค์การการค้าโลก, นิธินันท์ ลีธนะกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ข้อยกเว้นด้านความมั่นคงตามมาตรา XXI(b) แห่งความตกลงองค์การการค้าโลก (WTO) ทวีความสำคัญขึ้นในปัจจุบัน เนื่องจากประเทศสมาชิกนำมาใช้เป็นเครื่องมือจำกัดการค้าระหว่างประเทศมากขึ้น การศึกษานี้มุ่งวิเคราะห์การตีความและการบังคับใช้ข้อยกเว้นดังกล่าว โดยเปรียบเทียบกับบทบัญญัติมาตรการที่กระทำได้ (Non-Precluded Measures Clause: NPM) ในกฎหมายการลงทุนระหว่างประเทศ โดยตั้งสมมติฐานว่าการพิจารณาเพียงเงื่อนไขตาม (i)-(iii) ของมาตรา XXI(b) เป็นเกณฑ์ที่อาจทำให้ประเทศสมาชิกยกอ้างข้อยกเว้นความมั่นคงได้โดยง่ายเกินไป การศึกษาใช้วิธีวิจัยเชิงเอกสารโดยวิเคราะห์คำวินิจฉัยของคณะกรรมการระงับข้อพิพาทของ WTO คำชี้ขาดของคณะอนุญาโตตุลาการด้านการลงทุนระหว่างประเทศ ตลอดจนประวัติการเจรจาและวัตถุประสงค์ของมาตรา XXI ผลการศึกษาพบว่า WTO ยังขาดกฎเกณฑ์ที่ชัดเจนในการตรวจสอบการใช้ดุลพินิจของรัฐ แม้ไม่อาจนำกฎเกณฑ์ของกฎหมายการลงทุนระหว่างประเทศมาใช้โดยตรงเนื่องจากลักษณะธุรกรรมและความสัมพันธ์ที่แตกต่างกัน แต่มีส่วนที่สอดคล้องกันคือการใช้วลี "it considers necessary" ที่สะท้อนลักษณะบทบัญญัติแบบอัตวินิจฉัย (self-judging) ทั้งนี้ แนวปฏิบัติจากกฎหมายการลงทุนระหว่างประเทศสามารถนำมาประยุกต์ใช้ในการตรวจสอบการใช้ดุลพินิจของรัฐภายใต้กรอบ WTO ในส่วนของหลักสุจริตได้ อย่างไรก็ตาม ความกังวลสำคัญคือการใช้ข้อยกเว้นด้านความมั่นคงในทางที่ผิดอย่างต่อเนื่อง อาจทำให้ข้อยกเว้นกลายเป็นหลักปฏิบัติปกติ ซึ่งทำลายเจตนารมณ์ดั้งเดิมและส่งผลกระทบต่อเสถียรภาพของระบบการค้าระหว่างประเทศ การศึกษานี้จึงเสนอแนะให้พัฒนาแนวทางการตีความที่ชัดเจนขึ้น สร้างกลไกการตรวจสอบที่มีประสิทธิภาพ และสร้างความสมดุลระหว่างการคุ้มครองผลประโยชน์ด้านความมั่นคงของรัฐและการรักษาเสถียรภาพของระบบการค้าระหว่างประเทศ

Disciplining The Responses To Cross-Border Subsidies: The Case Study Of Eu And Us Trade Remedy Investigations Against Products From Indonesia And Thailand, Jia Zhen Cen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The geopolitical confrontation between the United States and China extends across various levels and domains, with trade being one of the most prominent arenas. Subsidies, a longstanding source of contention in international trade, have become an even more contentious issue following China’s launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. Traditionally, subsidies are provided by a government to its domestic producers, and WTO subsidy rules allow its Members to take countervailing measures against subsidies of their direct trading partners when those subsidies cause injury to the Member's domestic industries. However, the rise in cross-border subsidies – where governments …

The Dynamics Of The Chana Community Network Movement: Strategic Shifts, Impacts, And Reflections On Thailand's Political Landscape, Abdullah Yuhannan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This dissertation examines the dynamics of the Chana Community Movement, one of Thailand’s most enduring grassroots movements. Originating in the early 1990s with opposition to illegal commercial fishing, the movement has evolved to resist the Chana Industrial Estate Project. The research addresses key questions concerning factors sustaining the movement, tactical adaptations, societal impacts, and its reflection of Thailand’s contemporary political landscape. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, combining document analysis, in-depth interviews, and participant observation, alongside analytical frameworks derived from political struggle studies and social movement theories for comprehensive analysis. The findings reveal that the Chana Community Movement succeeded …

Understanding Pluriversal Ontology: The Cases Of Three Alternative Agriculture Communities In Sisaket Province, Northeastern, Thailand, Thita Ornin

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In reaction to the global development paradigm, the concept of Pluriverse has played a pivotal role in exploring alternatives to development, aiming to foster a world that accommodates multiple worlding with the goals to facilitate various approaches to collective well-being, moving away from anthropocentric, linear growth within the modern capitalist development. This thesis seeks to understand alternative agriculture cases in the Northeast of Thailand through the Pluriversal ontology conceptual framework and to determine its usefulness through the following proposed framework; (1) alternative agricultural development discourse analysis, (2) friction and assimilation with modernity and (3) post-development values. Taken an inspiration from …

Thailand's Never-Ending Pesticide Debate: Contested Future Sociotechnical Imaginaries Through A Relational Co-Productionist Lens, Henriette Erawan Kamphorst

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Since the introduction of the Green Revolution, the use of agrochemicals in Thai farming has sparked repeated contentious debates among local policy elites, addressing issues such as consumer health, farmer livelihoods, and environmental degradation. In 2019, this subject re-emerged on the policy agenda with the proposed ban of three key agrochemicals: Chlorpyrifos, Paraquat, and Glyphosate. In order to understand why the pesticide issue has remained on policy actors’ agendas for so long and still continues to be subject to ongoing debate, this research takes on a new perspective by adopting a relational co-productionist approach in the construction of contesting sociotechnical …

Private Motorcycle Users' Insights Toward Public Bus Adoption In Phnom Penh, Eangthay Tang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

As Phnom Penh experiences rapid population growth and economic expansion, traffic congestion has worsened, largely due to the increasing ownership of private motorcycles. Despite the introduction of public bus services, adoption remains low as concerns over service quality, limited coverage, and inadequate infrastructure deter motorcycle users from making the shift. This study investigates the behavioral intentions, preferences, and concerns of motorcycle users, specifically targeting university students, to understand how public bus services can be improved to encourage adoption. Data were collected in July 2024 from 457 university students who regularly use motorcycles, using a structured questionnaire across four Phnom Penh …