Digital Commons Network^™

Two-Year Clinical Performance Of The Indirect Resin Composite Restorations In Endodontically Treated Teeth With Different Cavity Preparation Designs: A Randomized Clinical Trial., Hend Sayed Ahmed, Mohamed Fouad Haridy, Shehab Saber, Olfat Hassanien, Hoda Fouda, Maha Elbaz, Ahmed Abuelezz

Dentistry

No abstract provided.

Marginal Adaptation And Fracture Resistance Of Virgilite-Based Occlusal Veneers With Varying Thickness, Farid Emad, Amr Rizk, Jylan El-Guindy, Ahmed Abdou, Reem Ashraf, Citra Kusumasari

Dentistry

Statement of problem CAD/CAM occlusal veneers have been developed for minimally invasive prosthetic restoration of eroded teeth. Marginal adaptation and fracture resistance are crucial for the long-term survivability and clinical success of such restorations. Virgilite-based lithium disilicate glass-ceramic is a newly introduced material with claims of high strength. However, constructing occlusal veneers from this material of varying thickness has not been investigated. Purpose The current study aimed to assess the impact of CAD/CAM occlusal veneer thickness and materials on marginal adaptation and fracture resistance. Materials and methods Thirty-two occlusal veneers were constructed and divided into two groups (n = 16) …

The Impacts Of Gut-Supporting Feed Additives On The Growth Performance, Gut Health, Blood Chemistry, And Immune Status Of Broiler Chickens Exposed To Different Stressors, Richard A. Adefioye

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of different feed additives in mitigating stress in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 used 504-day-old male by-product Cobb breeder chicks with 8 treatments replicated 9 times with 7 birds per replicate cage, structured as a 2x4 factorial arrangement of treatments. All birds were on the experimental diets for 20 days. There were 2 levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge [no challenge vs. LPS challenge at 1 mg/kg BW) and 4 types of feed additives [no additive, 0.05% PostB, 0.1% PostB, and 0.1% Tynagen^TM]. In experiment 2, 672-day-old male by-product Cobb breeder chicks …

Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Passive Self-Ligating Versus Conventional Brackets In The Alignment Of Mandibular Crowded Teeth (A Comparative Study), Noha Ibrahim Abdelrahman Professor

Dentistry

Aim: Is to compare the efficiency of passive self-ligating versus conventional brackets in the alignment of crowded mandibular teeth. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial with Fifty participants visiting the clinic of the Orthodontic Department and fulfilling the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to group A (Conventional brackets) or group B (Damon Q metal passive self-ligating brackets). The amount of mandibular crowding was assessed by Little’s irregularity index. Subjects in both groups were recalled for follow-up every four weeks till completion of alignment. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline irregularity in …

Invitro Evaluation Of Forces Delivered By Aligners Fabricated Using Positive Air Pressure Versus Negative Air Pressure., Islam Tarek Abbas Hassan Ahmed Prof, Nada Hamed, Dina Elghoul, Ahmed Zaki, Iman El-Abbasy

Dentistry

No abstract provided.

Promoting Caregiver Mental Health Literacy: A Pilot Study Of The Online Program “Mental Wellness At The Lake”, Erika Baylis

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The mental health needs of children are growing in the United States. Caregiver’s mental health knowledge and attitudes about help-seeking can impede the awareness of help-seeking behaviors. The Baylis Model is a framework for caregivers to increase their mental health knowledge. This research is a pilot study to provide elementary caregivers with mental health knowledge to increase their awareness to access treatments for their children. Participants completed a pre-test to determine mental health knowledge to begin the study. A total of 14 families completed a 10-module course (Mental Wellness At The Lake) on canvas, a web-based learning management system. Throughout …

Building Technology Breaks Into Classroom Instruction To Reduce Media Multitasking And Increase Learning, Lisa Decicco

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The current study was designed to investigate the impact of media multitasking on learning outcomes in the classroom. The goal was to develop an instructional intervention that reduces the negative effects of media multitasking on learning outcomes by incorporating technology breaks into the instructional design. High school students in an all-girls school took part in three learning sessions, each with a different instructional strategy related to media multitasking in the classroom: Condition 1: Instruction as Usual; Condition 2: No access to technology; Condition 3: Technology Breaks. Students completed a pre and post-test knowledge-based assessment to measure their retention of the …

Sex Differences In Cognitive Distortions In Individuals With Fibromyalgia, Corey Adams

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Chronic pain is a significant problem in both clinical practice and research, which does not occur equally in all groups of people. Of the 2% of adults with fibromyalgia in the United States, 3.4% of them are women. Understanding these differences may be useful in informing treatment (Jahan et al., 2012). One such area is distorted thinking, which can have a negative impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain sensitivity (Varallo et al., 2021). This study examined how cognitive distortions may play a role in the disparities seen between men and women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. This study used a …

The Braidwood Exploit: On The Rfra Declaratory-Judgment Class-Action And Title Vii Employer Liability, Sachin Pandya, Marcia L. Mccormick

Faculty Articles and Papers

This Article identifies a distinctive legal strategy for using the Religious Freedom Restoration Act ("RFRA') to obtain an exemption for for-profit businesses to Title VII liability for their religiously motivated discrimination against gay and transgender employees and job applicants. The litigation strategy involves a declaratory judgment class action against the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission under RFRA. We primarily show how this strategy tries to exploit a key ambiguity in the compelling interest inquiry in RFRA and pre-1990 Free Exercise Clause doctrine, i.e., how to specify the size of the set of persons other than the RFRA claimant who would likely …

Machine Learning As A Tool For Early Detection: A Focus On Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer Across Socioeconomic Spectrums, Hadiza Galadima, Rexford Anson-Dwamena, Ashley Johnson, Ghalib Bello, Georges Adunlin, James Blando

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of various machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses against the backdrop of socio-economic and regional healthcare disparities. Methods: An innovative theoretical framework was developed to integrate individual- and census tract-level social determinants of health (SDOH) with sociodemographic factors. A comparative analysis of the ML models was conducted using key performance metrics such as AUC-ROC to evaluate their predictive accuracy. Spatio-temporal analysis was used to identify disparities in late-stage CRC diagnosis probabilities. Results: Gradient boosting emerged as the superior model, with the top predictors for late-stage CRC diagnosis being anatomic site, …

A New Approach For Discriminating Spatially Acquired Sers Spectra Using Antiretroviral Drug Emtricitabine As A Test Sample, Jana Hrncirova, Marguerite R. Butler, Meredith R. Clark, Gustavo F. Doncel, John B. Cooper

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In this study, an antiretroviral drug emtricitabine (also known as FTC or Emtriva) was detected and quantified down to 40 ng/ml by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Its aqueous standards were tested with two types of silver nanoparticles (colloidal and dendritic) using a specially developed aluminum well plate. The SERS spectra were acquired using a Raman scanning device with 30-mu m spatial resolution. The spectral data were analyzed using a new approach for the discrimination of the spatially acquired spectra based on the Quality index (Qi). After the Qi is calculated, the spectral data are sorted based on the Qi. …

Unraveling Sources Of Cyanate In The Marine Environment: Insights From Cyanate Distributions And Production During The Photochemical Degradation Of Dissolved Organic Matter, Rui Wang, Jihua Liu, Yongle Xu, Li Liu, Kenneth Mopper

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Cyanate is a nitrogen and energy source for diverse marine microorganisms, playing important roles in the nitrogen cycle. Despite the extensive research on cyanate utilization, the sources of this nitrogen compound remain largely enigmatic. To unravel the sources of cyanate, distributions and production of cyanate during photochemical degradation of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated across various environments, including freshwater, estuarine, coastal areas in Florida, and the continental and slope regions of the North American mid-Atlantic Ocean (NATL). Cyanate production was also examined during the photochemical degradation of exudates from a typical strain of Synechococcus, an important phytoplankton …

Evidence Of Direct Interaction Between Cisplatin And The Caspase-Cleaved Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Tumor Suppressor, Krishna K. Raut, Samjhana Pandey, Gyanendra Kharel, Steven M. Pascal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) tumor suppressor protein has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target owing to its unique ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, sensitize them to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and mitigate drug resistance. It has recently been reported that Par-4 interacts synergistically with cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug. However, the mechanistic details underlying this relationship remain elusive. In this investigation, we employed an array of biophysical techniques, including circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, to characterize the interaction between the active caspase-cleaved Par-4 (cl-Par-4) fragment and cisplatin. Additionally, elemental analysis was …

Reducing The Uncertainty In Estimating Soil Microbial-Derived Carbon Storage, Han Hu, Chao Qian, Ke Xue, Rainer Georg Jörgensen, Marco Keiluweit, Chao Liang, Xuefeng Zhu, Ji Chen, Yishen Sun, Haowei Ni, Jixian Ding, Weigen Huang, Jingdong Mao, Rong-Xi Tan, Jizhong Zhou, Thomas W. Crowther, Zhi-Hua Zhou, Jiabao Zhang, Yuting Liang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change and enhancing soil productivity. Microbial-derived carbon (MDC) is the main component of the persistent SOC pool. However, current formulas used to estimate the proportional contribution of MDC are plagued by uncertainties due to limited sample sizes and the neglect of bacterial group composition effects. Here, we compiled the comprehensive global dataset and employed machine learning approaches to refine our quantitative understanding of MDC contributions to total carbon storage. Our efforts resulted in a reduction in the relative standard errors …

Potentially Massive And Global Non-Pyrogenic Production Of Condensed "Black" Carbon Through Biomass Oxidation, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Hongmei Chen, Jianshu Duan, Satish C. B. Myneni, Patrick G. Hatcher

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

With the increased occurrences of wildfires worldwide, there has been an increase in scientific interest surrounding the chemistry of fire-derived "black" carbon (BC). Traditionally, wildfire research has assumed that condensed aromatic carbon (ConAC) is exclusively produced via combustion, and thus, ConAC is equated to BC. However, the lack of correlations between ConAC in soils or rivers and wildfire history suggests that ConAC may be produced non-pyrogenically. Here, we show quantitative evidence that this occurs during the oxidation of biomass with environmentally ubiquitous hydroxyl radicals. Pine wood boards exposed to iron nails and natural weather conditions for 12 years yielded a …

Assessing The Spatiotemporal Variability Of Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence Composition In The Lake George, Ny Watershed, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Mark W. Swinton, David A. Winkler, Jeremy L. Farrell, Sandra A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, Sasha Wagner

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Lake George (LG) is a temperate, oligotrophic, medium-sized lake (114 km²) located in northeastern New York State (U.S.). Lakes are highly understudied environments where extensive dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing occurs. With this study we establish the foundation for researching the organic biogeochemistry of the LG watershed, in particular, the numerous tributaries flowing into the lake. Collected were 213 samples from 64 tributaries and 12 lake locations. Some of the tributaries had unique wastewater, agricultural, or wetland influences. We employed fluorescence spectroscopy, a common biogeochemical technique, to characterize the fluorescent DOM (FDOM) component. We developed a parallel factor …

Unraveling The Complex Interactions Among Lung Cancer, Copd, Cardiovascular Disease, And Pulmonary Fibrosis: Overlapping Risks, Converging Pathways, And Integrated Care Approaches, Daisy Umutoni, Mayowa Soloman Owolabi, Sakariyau Adio Waheed

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Background: The coexistence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and pulmonary fibrosis poses significant challenges in clinical management due to shared risk factors, overlapping pathogenic mechanisms, and the complexity of co-managing multimorbid conditions. Smoking, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions are critical shared risk factors, while common molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and aberrant tissue remodeling contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review comprehensively examines the prevalence, shared mechanisms, and clinical implications of these comorbid conditions, emphasizing the importance of integrated management strategies to improve patient outcomes. We further highlight research …

Photoluminescence Switching In Quantum Dots Connected With Carboxylic Acid And Thiocarboxylic Acid End-Group Diarylethene Molecules, Ephraiem S. Sarabamoun, Pramod Aryal, Jonathan M. Bietsch, Maurice Curran, Sugandha Verma, Grayson Johnson, Lucy U. Yoon, Amelia G. Reid, Esther H. R. Tsai, Charles W. Machan, Christopher Paolucci, Guijun Wang, Joshua J. Choi

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We contrast the switching of photoluminescence (PL) of PbS quantum dots (QDs) cross-linked with photochromic diarylethene molecules with different end groups, 4,4′-(1-cyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] (1C) and 4,4′-(1-cyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis[5-methyl-2-thiophenethiocarboxylic acid] (2T). Our results show that the QDs cross-linked with the carboxylic acid end group molecules (1C) exhibit a greater amount of switching in photoluminescence intensity compared to QDs cross-linked with the thiocarboxylic acid end group (2T). We also demonstrate that regardless of the molecule used, greater switching amounts are observed for smaller quantum dots. Varying these parameters allows for the fabrication of photoswitches with tunable PL change. We relate these observations to the …

Diagnostic Certainty During In-Person And Telehealth Autism Evaluations, Natasha N. Ludwig, Calliope Holingue, Ji Su Hong, Luther G. Kalb, Danika Pfeiffer, Rachel Reetzke, Deepa Menon

Speech-Language Pathology Faculty Publications

Background

Many diagnostic evaluations abruptly shifted to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about the impact on diagnosis patterns for children evaluated for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this clinical research study was to examine (1) the frequency of diagnoses evaluated beyond ASD; (2) the frequency of diagnoses made, including ASD; and (3) clinician diagnostic certainty for all diagnoses evaluated for children who received an evaluation due to primary concerns about ASD via telehealth during the pandemic compared to those evaluated in person before the pandemic at an ASD specialty clinic.

Methods

The sample included …

State Of Coastal And Marine Resources: Lian, Batangas, Joseph Benedict T. Garcia, Mary Joyce P. Velos, Jemelyn Grace P. Baldisimo, Joey P. Cabasan, Ma Celina J. Añonuevo, Denmark B. Recamara, Hazel O. Arceo

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Lian (13.9852° N, 120.6545° E) is a third-class municipality in the northwestern part of the province of Batangas. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Nasugbu, on the east by the municipalities of Tuy and Balayan, on the west by the WPS, and on the south by the municipality of Catatagan (Figure 2.7-1). It has a total land area of 76.80km² that is divided into 19 barangays, six of which are coastal and two are integrated coastal barangays (LGU-Lian 2013). Its total population is 56,280 individuals in 15,991 households as of 2020 (PSA 2020).

The main …

Listeria Adhesion Protein Orchestrates Caveolae-Mediated Apical Junctional Remodeling Of Epithelial Barrier For Listeria Monocytogenes Translocation, Rishi Drolia, Donald B. Bryant, Shivendra Tenguria, Zuri A. Jules-Culver, Jessie Thind, Breanna Amelunke, Donqi Liu, Nicholas L. F. Gallina, Krishna K. Mishra, Manalee Samaddar, Manoj R. Sawale, Dharmendra K. Mishra, Abigail D. Cox, Arun K. Bhunia

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The cellular junctional architecture remodeling by Listeria adhesion protein-heat shock protein 60 (LAP-Hsp60) interaction for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) passage through the epithelial barrier is incompletely understood. Here, using the gerbil model, permissive to internalin (Inl) A/B-mediated pathways like in humans, we demonstrate that Lm crosses the intestinal villi at 48 h post-infection. In contrast, the single isogenic (lap− or ΔinlA) or double (lap−ΔinlA) mutant strains show significant defects. LAP promotes Lm translocation via endocytosis of cell-cell junctional complex in enterocytes that do not display luminal E-cadherin. In comparison, InlA facilitates …

Toward Attention-Based Feature Fusion For Medical Image Analysis, Anup Khanal

Dissertations and Theses

The field of medical image analysis has benefited significantly from developments in deep learning (DL), especially in convolution neural networks (CNNs). Even after these advances, there remains a need for more robust and accurate methods for various tasks such as classification, segmentation, captioning, and object detection, particularly in medical diagnostics. Inspired by the principle of the wisdom of the crowd, feature fusion is a common process used, especially in tasks related to classification. This thesis introduces a novel attention-based feature fusion architecture designed to enhance classification performance by integrating the Convolution Block Attention Mechanism (CBAM) before fusion. This approach selectively …

Bayesian Variable Selection With Shrinkage Priors And Generative Adversarial Networks For Fraud Detection, Amina Issoufou Anaroua

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

This research paper focuses on fraud detection in the financial industry using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in conjunction with Uni and Multi Variate Bayesian Model with Shrinkage Priors (BMSP). The problem addressed is the need for accurate and advanced fraud detection techniques due to the increasing sophistication of fraudulent activities. The methodology involves the implementation of GANs and the application of BMSP for variable selection to generate synthetic fraud samples for fraud detection using the augmented dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMSP GAN approach in detecting fraud with improved performance compared to other methods. The conclusions drawn …

Reimagining Higher Education, Jasmine Campos

Pepperdine Policy Review

The higher education system in America has taken on a different role over the course of the last two centuries. The shift from an institution only available to young men to a means of economic mobility for everyone has resulted in strain on the system leading to soaring prices, burdened students, and an unprepared economy. After a thorough review of the data, the cost of education along with a confusing marketplace has led students to feel wary about four-year institutions. Furthermore, the change in the very purpose of higher education has led to small universities fighting larger ones on the …

Liposomes-Encapsulating Double-Stranded Nucleic Acid (Poly I:C) For Head And Neck Cancer Treatment, Vidit Singh, Anna Chernatynskaya, Lin Qi, Hsin Yin Chuang, Tristan Cole, Vimalin Mani Jeyalatha, Lavanya Bhargava, W. Andrew Yeudall, Laszlo Farkas, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) serves as a synthetic mimic of viral double-stranded dsRNA, capable of inducing apoptosis in numerous cancer cells. Despite its potential, therapeutic benefits, the application of Poly I:C has been hindered by concerns regarding toxicity, stability, enzymatic degradation, and undue immune stimulation, leading to autoimmune disorders. To address these challenges, encapsulation of antitumor drugs within delivery systems such as cationic liposomes is often employed to enhance their efficacy while minimizing dosages. In this study, we investigated the potential of cationic liposomes to deliver Poly I:C into the Head and Neck 12 (HN12) cell line to induce …

An Automated Approach For Identifying Erroneous Is-A Relations In Snomed Ct, Ran Hu, Jay Shi, Licong Cui, Rashmie Abeysinghe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

SNOMED CT is the most comprehensive clinical terminology employed worldwide and enhancing its accuracy is of utmost importance. In this work, we introduce an automated approach to identifying erroneous IS-A relations in SNOMED CT. We first extract linked concept-pairs from which we generate Term Difference Pairs (TDPs) that contain differences between the concepts. Given a TDP, if the reversed TDP also exists and the number of linked-pairs generating this TDP is less than those generating the reversed TDP, then we suggest the former linked-pairs as potentially erroneous IS-A relations. We applied this approach to the Clinical finding and Procedure subhierarchies …

Facilitating Clinical Information Extraction With Synthetic Data And Ontology Using Large Language Models, Yan Hu, Huan He, Qingyu Chen, Xiaoqian Jiang, Kirk Roberts, Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The rapid growth of unstructured clinical text in electronic health records necessitates robust information extraction systems, yet their development is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality annotated data. This study explores the potential of large language models to generate synthetic data for clinical named entity recognition and examines its impact on model performance. We propose a novel framework that integrates self-verified synthetic data generation with domain-specific semantic mapping using SNOMED-CT. By leveraging GPT-4o-mini for synthetic data creation and refining its quality through iterative verification and anomaly detection, we systematically evaluate the influence of synthetic data quality and quantity on fine-tuning …

Cartographies Of Black Diaspora And Foster Care Diaspora: Arguments Toward Abolition In The Aftermath Of Partus Sequitur Ventrem, Alicia Boyce

CGU Theses & Dissertations

In this dissertation I argue that global foster care and adoption systems should be abolished because they are trauma inducing and grief producing state apparatuses that cyclically act to destabilize Black and “Other” subaltern populations from one generation to the next. Global foster care and adoption systems have become as common sensical as enslavement and chattel slavery all were as these systems are considered widely socially acceptable, common modes of domination and methods for controlling Black and “Other” populations. I coin a diaspora of community and cultural destabilization called the foster care diaspora (FCD), a theory and framing device that …

Mentoring Latinas On Doctoral Journeys: Testimonios Of Cultural And Gender Identity, Jacqueline Rangel

CGU Theses & Dissertations

In the United States, Latinas are underrepresented in obtaining PhDs that lead to high level professional careers and academia. This may be due, in part, to patriarchal academic institutions and approaches that have historically devalued the cultural experiences and identities of marginalized populations, including Latinas in higher education. However, research suggests that mentorship can support Latinas in successfully obtaining PhDs and disrupt institutional norms and practices. Framed by LatCrit, Mestiza Consciousness, and Mujerista Mentoring, this study sheds light on the experiences of twenty-four Latinas who earned PhDs-with or without mentors during their doctoral journeys. As such, the purpose of this …

A Flora Of The Silver Peak Range, Esmeralda County, Nevada, Peri Lee Pipkin

CGU Theses & Dissertations

The Silver Peak Range and surrounding valleys lie east of the White Mountains of California in Esmeralda County, Nevada, in a transition between the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. The flora of the region is influenced by the northern Mojave Desert to the south, White Mountains to the west, Great Basin Desert to the east and north, and additionally the Sierra Nevada to the west and Death Valley to the south. Prior to this study, the botanical diversity of the region had not been systematically investigated despite the area's need for urgent conservation action. A floristic survey over the course …