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Undergraduate Review, Vol. 18, Editors And Reviewers

Undergraduate Review

No abstract provided.

Student Attitude About School Resource Officers, Olivia Dunn

Undergraduate Review

Maintaining safety is a goal that has remained steady in the United States education system's history (Kober, 2020). Throughout changes in society, such as the increase of drug and alcohol crimes, school shootings, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety of youth has become a main priority and changes to the education system have adapted to such changes to ensure safety. The topic of student perception on school safety and the role of school security measures is also important. While students are directly impacted by security measures put into place, they are the best source of data to receive feedback about …

Brothers And Keepers: A Juxtaposition Of Intergenerational Trauma, Alex Ray

Undergraduate Review

The memoir, Brothers and Keepers, is a piece of literature that serves as a guide into the bowels of the construct that we call the “American criminal justice system.” Through the conflicting distinctions of two brothers’ lives, readers can see the ramifications of a misconstrued definition of “justice.” The memoir sees its author, John Wideman, a successful academic, professor, and writer, and his brother Robby Wideman, who receives a life sentence for a mishandled robbery, juxtaposed in several stages of life in hopes of obtaining a greater understanding of the pathology for their inherent differences while investigating the underlying implications …

Laughing At White Ignorance In James Baldwin’S Another Country, Mary-Kate Dacosta

Undergraduate Review

The repetition of a certain word or phrase in a literary work is often fueled by a desire to emphasize an underlying and significant issue. In James Baldwin’s 1962 novel Another Country, the recurrence of the word “laughter” serves as a response to the ignorance of the novel’s white characters. Baldwin, an African American writer, centers the story on Black, white, and gay characters, delving into interracial interactions, friendships, and sexual relationships, while exploring the complexities of race and sexuality in 1950s America. The novel’s noteworthy laughter is used by the Black characters, LeRoy and Ida, in response to white …

Xenophobia, Social Conflict, & Authoritarianism: An Examination Of The United States And Canada’S Perception Discrepancies Regarding Immigration, Alex Ray

Undergraduate Review

The objective of this study is to compare the perceptions of whether immigration increases a country’s social conflict. Accordingly, this will be a descriptive and cross-cultural comparison study between the United States and Canada. This study utilizes archival data of the World Value Survey using approximately 50 people, 25 from each country. In addition to the research data, a brief explanation of the respective country’s public and political opinions on immigration will be offered. The study’s main finding is that people living in the United States are more likely to believe that immigration leads to social conflict than people living …

Carceral Connections: The Role Of Policing In The Management Of Public Housing In New York City, James Rodriguez

Publications and Research

Between 2006 and 2022, the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) attempted to address the fiscal and infrastructural crises in public housing through a number of controversial privatization strategies. This contested push occurred alongside the pervasive role of policing in public housing. The New York Police Department utilizes several policing strategies specific to NYCHA communities, collaborating with the housing authority in the management of public housing residents. This article draws on qualitative content analysis of local policing strategies and public housing policy reforms in New York City to investigate how the state facilitates the displacement of disproportionately poor, non-white, public …

Applied Statistics Course Offerings: Spring 2024, University Of Mississippi. Graduate School

GMAS Course List

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Into Academic Clustering Among Division Ii Student Athletes, Michael Monahan, Amit Shah

Journal of Business, Industry, and Economics

Academic clustering occurs when at least 25% of the student athletes on any given team have the same academic major. In and of itself, academic clustering is neither good nor bad, however there is the temptation for students to gravitate toward a major which is perceived to be easier, to seek to associate only with team members, or to enlist in majors which do not align with their career ambitions. Is it for flexibility and scheduling to choose an academic major to have the least impact on their sport? This study examined the athletic program at a Division II four-year …

The Role (And Limits) Of Developmental Neuroscience In Determining Adolescents’ Autonomy Rights: The Case For Reproductive And Voting Rights, Emily Buss, Julie Maslowsky, Laura Wray-Lake

Articles

No abstract provided.

R. V. Sharma: Reckoning With Destabilizing Truths In Constitutional Equality Adjudication, Debra Parkes, Sonia Lawrence

The Supreme Court Law Review: Osgoode’s Annual Constitutional Cases Conference

The Supreme Court of Canada’s 2022 decision in R. v. Sharma provides a window on contemporary but divergent judicial approaches to systemic racism in the criminal legal system and how these inform equality challenges based on race. The Sharma majority follows a trend identified by Efrat Arbel in recognizing the “crisis” of Indigenous mass incarceration using language which diffuses the causes of the crisis and does not generate urgent redress. However, in some cases, including in the Sharma dissent, recognition by judges can be an acceptance of accountability as part of the system which has produced these effects. We then …

The Magnet School Wars And The Future Of Colorblindness, Sonja Starr

Articles

The Supreme Court’s recent decision striking down the use of race-based classifications in university admissions reflects its growing commitment to the concept of “colorblindness,” which has implications well beyond education. In anticipation, many schools and other actors are already moving toward alternative, facially race-neutral strategies for promoting diversity and reducing racial disparity. But what will happen when those policies too are challenged because they have race-related motives? Will courts soon find all race-conscious policymaking unlawful based on its ends? This is the next stage of the legal battle over colorblindness, and it is already underway.

The first wave of this …

The Shadow Of The Law Of The Police, Adam Davidson

Articles

No abstract provided.

Institutional Racism In The United States Revisited, Carmichael Peters, Louis L. Knowles, Rodè F. Cramer, Glennan Keldin, Hayley Nelson, Lucia Beatty

Open Educational Resources

This book aims to examine the current state of systemic racism in the United States as compared to baseline data collected in 1969. Using recent findings in the fields of history, economics, education, political science and public health, the work reveals the ways in which systemic racism in the US has and has not been addressed in the past five decades.

2024 Youth Transitions Advisory Council Annual Report, Tennessee Commission On Children And Youth, Tennessee. Youth Transitions Advisory Council.

Annual Reports

In accordance with T.C.A. 37-2-601 – 37-2-606 the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth is pleased to provide the 2024 Annual Report of the Youth Transitions Advisory Council. The Youth Transitions Advisory Council brings dedicated advocates together from across the state who are developing and implementing new strategies to meet the challenges of engaging former foster youth and other young adults as they make the critical transition from adolescence to adulthood. This report outlines the work of the Youth Transitions Advisory Council as the members continue to develop strategies to assist these young adults as they prepare for success in …

Constructing An Interpretable Deep Learning Framework Utilizing Variational Autoencoder Latent Space For Part-Prototype Learning, Shiska Raut

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

What visual attributes do cats have in common, and what features set them apart from dogs? How are we able to tell the difference between the two? While we do not fully understand the mechanism humans use for object detection, one popular theory suggests that it boils down to identifying distinct visual features specific to each object. For example, all cats have vertical slit-shaped pupils when their eyes are constricted, which is something we do not see in dogs. These slit-shaped pupils are a feature ‘prototypical’ to cats. Object classification is a computer vision task that involves identifying and categorizing …

Core Values In Public Administration And Policy: Three Levels Of Evaluation In The Public Sector, Emily Brandt, Alejandro Rodriguez, Karabi Bezboruah, Emily Nwakpuda

Public Affairs Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation is composed of three separate but interrelated papers that examine the role of core values in public administration and public policy and how they show up at the societal, bureaucratic, and individual levels to inform the identification of the use of values, engaging proper awareness of how these values impact public sector actions, and how individuals can engage the right values frameworks in the face of conflict in various public and public service contexts. The first paper takes a societal look at core values via a systemic literature review on American morality policies; policies that inspire great debate …

School Copaganda In The Us South: Tinsel, Twinkle, And Police-Youth Programming, Hannah Carson Baggett, Kaitlyn Selman

Faculty Publications - Criminal Justice Sciences

Told in schools across the US for decades, Officer Friendly is a story about policing. Through the literal reading of books like Miss Frances’ 1953 Your Friend the Policeman, visits from McGruff the Crime Dog, and even the ever-expanding TikTok world of dancing SROs, the story remains the same: police keep us safe from the bad guys. In this paper, we draw on data from school and police social media accounts in a community in Alabama to expose the bad faith underpinnings of this story, and how it functions through ‘friendly’ police-youth programming in schools. This story relies on at …

Explaining The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence Victimization And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status In Transgender And Nonbinary Individuals, Kimberly A. Ingold, Brent Teasdale

Faculty Publications - Criminal Justice Sciences

Study Questions: Previous research has shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization are correlated. Furthermore, it has been consistently reported that transgender individuals are at an increased risk of experiencing IPV victimization and testing positive for HIV compared to cisgender individuals. However, past research examining the potential explanations for the correlation between HIV status and IPV victimization in transgender individuals using a large and inclusive sample is nonexistent. Subjects: A total of 12,592 transgender and nonbinary individuals from across the United States were included in the analyses. Methods: Through a bivariate probit analysis of …

Co-Opting Alliance With Efficient Grease Theory: An Observational Descriptive Study Of Corruption And Trust Nexus In Political Institutions In West Africa, Yarh Komolo

Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation presents an analysis of the impact of corruption as related to trust in political institutions in select West African nations. Corruption and some of its implicative hues are highlighted, considering such practice is generally an entrenched part of Africa in its economic, political, social, and cultural fabric and lifeline. In respect to the specific region of interest, robust Afrobarometer observational surveys convey data covering 14 of the 16 countries that comprise West Africa, with the exclusion of Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania which lack survey data. The study covers a seven-year period that runs from 2014 to 2021, excluding 2016 …

An Additive Model Of Engagement: Considering The Role Of Front-End Criminal Justice Agencies In Treatment Provisions [Interim Report: Year Two], Kelsey S. Henderson, Christopher Campbell, Brian Renauer

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations

This report provides the initial findings of Year 2 of a multi year project to understand the effects of successive drug policy efforts in Oregon, with special focus given to Ballot Measure 110 (M110). This report uses criminal justice metrics (e.g., arrests and drug court participation) and treatment resource information (e.g., number of individuals served through M110 monies) to better understand how individuals are connecting with services in Oregon, and the role that the criminal justice system can play as one component of a larger network.

Related Reports:

Key Points in Preparation for Oregon Legislative Session (2024): Examining the Multifaceted …

The Boundaries Of Care And Control: Stakeholder Struggles To Navigate The Challenges Of Mandatory Sex Offender Treatment, Ruth T. Shefner, Nancy D. Franke

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Individuals Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence And Their Engagement With The Legal System: Critical Considerations For Agency And Power, Iris Cardenas, Laurie M. Graham, Marcela Sarmiento Mellinger, Laura Ting

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Crej Annual Report 2023-2024, Center For Racial And Economic Justice

Center for Racial and Economic Justice

No abstract provided.

Mass Surveillance As Racialized Control, Prithika Balakrishnan

Center for Racial and Economic Justice

No abstract provided.

Reviving Criminal Code Reform, Richard S. Schmechel

American University Law Review

This Article presents a history of how the District of Columbia (D.C.) recently rewrote its criminal code—legislatively adopting the first Model Penal Code (MPC)-based comprehensive criminal code reform in the U.S. in decades—and how Congress blocked the bill in 2023, its only criminal legislation of the year. The development and fate of the legislation has national implications. Like D.C., about fifteen states have never undergone MPC-based reform and dozens of other MPC-based codes have degraded over time and need comprehensive revision. After decades of reform failures, D.C. created an independent agency solely dedicated to criminal code revision. Emphasizing public transparency …

Second Look Myopia: State Sentencing Reform And The Local Prosecutorial Response, Alexandra Harrington

Journal Articles

This Article advises caution against over-reliance on local prosecutors’ offices to effect second-look reforms and to filter cases worthy of review. Using the lens of New York’s recent second-look law, the Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (DVSJA), I analyze the ways in which the local prosecutor can serve as a functional barrier to statewide implementation of sentencing reform. The New York State Legislature enacted the DVSJA—after advocacy from hundreds of directly impacted individuals, stakeholders, and organizations and after significant opposition from only the District Attorneys’ Association—to change the way the State sentences survivors of domestic violence. The DVSJA also allows …

Causes Of Police Officer Career Apprehension Following George Floyd, Michael T. Rossler, Charles Scheer

Faculty Publications - Criminal Justice Sciences

Police workforce retention has become a persistent managerial concern. The public response to recent events of police misconduct have fueled the perception that police may be seeking other career paths following the murder of George Floyd in 2020. Despite growing evidence, current research has been unable to ascertain what conditions may prompt officers to voluntarily separate from police work following Floyd’s murder, or whether the impact varies across demographic groups. Drawing upon a survey of over 600 police officers across eight police departments in the United States, the current inquiry examines what percent of officers reported reconsidering their career following …

Kim Scheppele’S Vision For Restoring Democracy - And Why We Must Accept The Challenge, Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa

American University International Law Review

Discussant commentary on the Twenty-Fifth Annual Grotius Lecture.

Navigating The Battlefield Of Hunger During Armed Conflicts: Obligations, Obstacles And Solutions, Ying Chen, Tarisa Yasin

American University International Law Review

Despite sufficient global food supplies, food insecurity remains a persistent problem in many countries. In recent years, conflict has emerged as one of the key drivers of acute food insecurity, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The situation has worsened since 2022, as the impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war are felt worldwide. This Article investigates food security challenges arising from armed conflicts and proposes potential solutions to tackle these challenges. It first examines the right to food as enshrined in both international and national laws. These legal frameworks set out the rules that govern the responsibilities of States and …

Measuring The Unmeasurable: Foreign Aid And The Rule Of Law, Natallia Karkanitsa

American University International Law Review

This article provides an analysis of the international indexes and rankings that assess and compare the rule of law globally. It first starts with a discussion on the necessity of the international measurements of the rule of law in context of the foreign aid allocation to developing countries. Then, this article defines the rule of law and explains its relationship with governance and human rights. This article further reviews three rule of law indexes from the World Bank, the World Justice Project, and Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network, using the position of Belarus in these measurements as a …