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2024

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Women Of Peripheral Javanese Tradition: A Nearly-Forgotten Inspiration, Sofa Marwah, Soetji Lestari, Tri Rini Widyastuti Dec 2024

Women Of Peripheral Javanese Tradition: A Nearly-Forgotten Inspiration, Sofa Marwah, Soetji Lestari, Tri Rini Widyastuti

Kritika Kultura

This study aims to identify the women’s contribution to the development of a peripheral Javanese community, Bagalen. This research is vital due to relatively scarce information about women’s contribution in this area. So far, knowledge of community development is predominantly occupied by men or noblewomen. Library research develops this study. Hence, the authors collect data via research books and theoretical construction that are derived from relevant historical documents. The results reveal that peripheral Javanese women instead of central Javanese significantly contribute to preserving tradition and religion. In the past, the area was once led by a woman, namely Nyai Bagelen. …


"Don't Be Sorry. We Didn't Do This.": Narrating Diaspora And Problematizing Choice In V.V. Ganeshananthan's Love Marriage, Isabel Alonso-Breto Dec 2024

"Don't Be Sorry. We Didn't Do This.": Narrating Diaspora And Problematizing Choice In V.V. Ganeshananthan's Love Marriage, Isabel Alonso-Breto

Kritika Kultura

Second Generation, Politics of Choice, Tamil, Tamil-Canadian, Sri Lankan Conflict


Colonial Mobility And The Biopolitics Of The Colonial Non-Place, Jinhyoung Lee Dec 2024

Colonial Mobility And The Biopolitics Of The Colonial Non-Place, Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

By approaching Namcheon Kim’s short story “On the Road” (1939) from the new mobilities paradigm, this paper explores the paradoxical relationship between the colonial government and the postcolonial politics in late colonial Korea. In this short story, the Korean territories in the late 1930s are represented as colonial “non-places,” in which is exercised imperialistic biopower through colonial mobility. The Korean people residing in the non-places are characterized as bare lives on-the-move who only seek to survive, yielding their political rights to the imperialistic biopower. Thereby, this short story demonstrates the reorganization of the colonial territory as a colonial non-place and …


Vultures And Candles As Metaphors Of Leadership Failures In Emeka Nwabueze's A Parliament Of Vultures And Uche-Chinemere Nwaozuzu's The Candles, Emeka Aniago, Norbert Oyibo Eze, Stella Okoye-Ugwu, Divine Sheriff Joe Dec 2024

Vultures And Candles As Metaphors Of Leadership Failures In Emeka Nwabueze's A Parliament Of Vultures And Uche-Chinemere Nwaozuzu's The Candles, Emeka Aniago, Norbert Oyibo Eze, Stella Okoye-Ugwu, Divine Sheriff Joe

Kritika Kultura

Poor leadership has unarguably been recognized as a major national question around which many socioeconomic and political problems revolve in Nigeria. It has led to decadence and a squandermania mentality which breeds all sort of vices, mass poverty, absent and decaying infrastructure, kidnapping, agitations, banditry, and all kinds of insurgency. Playwrights, like other social scientists, have continued to interrogate this ugly phenomenon, which make socioeconomic and political development a will-o’-the-wisp in the country. This paper attempts to examine Emeka Nwabueze’s A Parliament of Vultures and Uche-Chinemere Nwaozuzu’s The Candles, especially as they deploy the vulture and the candle, respectively, as …


Channeling The Cinematic In Manuel Puig's Betrayed By Rita Hayworth, Joyce L. Arriola Dec 2024

Channeling The Cinematic In Manuel Puig's Betrayed By Rita Hayworth, Joyce L. Arriola

Kritika Kultura

This paper explores the experience of diasporic mobility in contemporary Philippine-American fiction. In novels such as Cebu by Peter Bacho and America Is Not the Heart by Elaine Castillo, issues of culture and identity are not only foregrounded but also resignified as diasporic people encounter different situations where their sexuality, religion, gender, language and economic status realign along diverse ways and affect their lives in the new country. In a global community where diasporic experiences are provisional, one is able to explore more attentively how mobility changes, and continues to change, its nature and disrupt stable constructs of identity.


Experiencing Literature: Discourses Of Islam Through Michel Houellebecq's Soumission, Wening Udasmoro Dec 2024

Experiencing Literature: Discourses Of Islam Through Michel Houellebecq's Soumission, Wening Udasmoro

Kritika Kultura

This article departs from the conventional assumption that works of literature are only texts to be read. Instead, it argues that readers bring these works to life by contextualizing them within themselves and draw from their own life experiences to understand these literary texts’ deeper meanings and themes. Using Soumission (Surrender), a controversial French novel that utilizes stereotypes in its exploration of Islam in France, this research focuses on the consumption of literary texts by French readers who are living or have lived in a country with a Muslim majority, specifically Indonesia. It examines how the novel’s stereotypes of Muslims …


Enmeshing Class, Gender, And Ethnicity Of "Family" In Selected Fiction By Women Writers, Sri Mulyani Dec 2024

Enmeshing Class, Gender, And Ethnicity Of "Family" In Selected Fiction By Women Writers, Sri Mulyani

Kritika Kultura

In a Marxist framework, class struggle is prioritized while gender struggle is only secondary. This debate on class over gender priority and vice versa has dominated Anglo-American critical scholarship. Meanwhile, in Asia, Mao Zedong claims that China’s Cultural Revolution has freed women from both class and Confucian patriarchal domination. His claim, however, is far from the truth since Chinese women still have to fight for their equality. Likewise, there are still ongoing struggles for women’s rights and equality in today’s Western societies. This article argues that various revolutionary social changes in Eastern or Western contexts imply a hierarchical relation where …


Interiority, Traslación, And The Devotion To The Black Nazarene, Mark Joseph T. Calano Dec 2024

Interiority, Traslación, And The Devotion To The Black Nazarene, Mark Joseph T. Calano

Kritika Kultura

The play in the performance of panatà to the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila, demonstrates an authentic religiosity that is manifested in materiality, and a modernity that is indigenous. The paper operates within the framework of a panatà (devotion) as: (1) a personal (even inherited) secret vow; (2) that is performed publicly; and (3) is directed towards touching and being touched by God. The first part discusses the dynamics of how petition and thanksgiving are interior movements that reflect útang-na-loób (debt of gratitude) as dasál (prayer). But this movement, although essentially personal and secret, can only be expressed in the …


The Coming Out Of Memory: The Holocaust, Homosexuality, And Dealing With The Past, Arnaud Kurze Dec 2024

The Coming Out Of Memory: The Holocaust, Homosexuality, And Dealing With The Past, Arnaud Kurze

Kritika Kultura

This research discusses the challenges of establishing a collective memory for gay victims of the Nazi terror in World War II and examines the introduction of gay victimhood into the public sphere through memorialization efforts. While scholarly accounts on gays and the Holocaust emerged in the 1970s, little is known about the emergence and consolidation of a public narrative on gay persecutions under the Nazis. It raises important questions, including why a public voice for crimes against sexual minorities in World War II emerged only hesitantly? Drawing on historical gay memorialization processes in Germany, the author maps the obstacles for …


Film Review: An Analysis Of Food Narrative In The Indian Film Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang Dec 2024

Film Review: An Analysis Of Food Narrative In The Indian Film Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang

Kritika Kultura

In the review of the Indian film The Lunchbox, Peina Zhuang shows that although food is central in human relations and social development in modern India, the transformation of food production and distribution systems at the micro level reveals, resists, and reinforces the conflicts between tradition and modernity. The food in the traditional Bombay lunch remain because of the lunchbox delivery system, but this comes at a cost. While in the very moment that it threatens traditions by, for instance, effacing the caste sources of the food, the lunchbox delivery system reifies the patriarchal relegation of women to the kitchen. …


The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng Dec 2024

The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng

Kritika Kultura

The tension between disciplines and interdisciplinary initiatives has been present in different areas around the world. This paper discusses the roots of the tension in the world and in the Philippines, as well as issues and challenges of implementation. It begins with the meaning of discipline and the nuances in the interaction of multiple disciplines, (e.g. multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) and traces and traces the development of disciplines in relation to the development of higher education. While academic departments and programs give life and power to the disciplines, there were pressures to work across disciplines to achieve the underlying goals …


Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante Dec 2024

Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante

Kritika Kultura

Interdisciplinarity is one of the key catchphrases that define the ongoing educational reform in the Philippines. Through the K-12 basic education curriculum and the revamped tertiary-level general education curriculum, bureaucrats and their partners in the academe seek to equip students with knowledge and skills that will allow them to think and act beyond their chosen field. Such an edge supposedly affords graduates a competitive advantage in a highly globalized labor market. Nonetheless, one must not be carried away by the hype; interdisciplinarity, especially this version imposed from above, still has to be interrogated. For one, lost in the state-directed discourse …


The Bow And The Lyre: Towards A Healthy Tension Between Disciplinarity And Interdisciplinarity, Remmon E. Barbaza Dec 2024

The Bow And The Lyre: Towards A Healthy Tension Between Disciplinarity And Interdisciplinarity, Remmon E. Barbaza

Kritika Kultura

While interdisciplinary work is something to be encouraged and supported, it can only thrive on the basis of strong disciplinarity. When carried out properly, interdisciplinarity does not diminish or undermine the individual disciplines, but in fact is made possible by vibrant individual disciplines. A healthy tension between disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity must then be sought, calling to mind the Heraclitean ideal of harmony that is produced through the proper tension, say as in the strings of musical instrument, as in the well-known example of the bow and the lyre. Genuine interdisciplinary work does not constrict, but rather helps expand the individual …


Notes On The Permutation Of Prayer, Lakan Umali Dec 2024

Notes On The Permutation Of Prayer, Lakan Umali

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Postcolonial Studies And Pantayong Pananaw In Philippine Historiography, Rommel A. Curaming Dec 2024

Postcolonial Studies And Pantayong Pananaw In Philippine Historiography, Rommel A. Curaming

Kritika Kultura

This paper offers a platform for a mutually critical imaginary dialogue between two different anti-Eurocentric analytic approaches, Postcolonialism (PC) and Pantayong Pananaw (From-Us, For-Us Perspective, PP). The dialogue foregrounds key areas of engagement between these approaches and allows in the process to revisit a number of vexing issues that interrogate them as well as the nature of an engaged, pro-marginalized scholarship. It suggests that while each approach can profitability learn from the other, it seems that a truly progressive aspiration may be better served by going beyond the current orientations or foci of the two approaches.


Resuming The ‘Skilled Worker’ Identity: The Filipinas’ Strategies In Labour Market Participation In Melbourne, Australia, Cirila P. Limpangog Dec 2024

Resuming The ‘Skilled Worker’ Identity: The Filipinas’ Strategies In Labour Market Participation In Melbourne, Australia, Cirila P. Limpangog

Kritika Kultura

Through the lens of culture intersecting with gender, race and class, this monograph looks at the reconfiguration of skilled worker identity of 20 Philippines-born women who have immigrated to Australia. Through interviews and analyses of their lived experiences, it attempts to comprehend the complexity of their unemployment, from their encounter with the labor market, to their attempts in breaking into the workforce. It contextualizes the institutional disadvantages and discrimination befalling migrant women of non-English speaking background, as well as housework and mothering responsibilities they continue to resist at home. The complex interaction of the women’s higher education, English language proficiency, …


Curriculum Vitae Of E. San Juan, Jr., Epifanio San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

Curriculum Vitae Of E. San Juan, Jr., Epifanio San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Themes From The History Of Capitalism To The Rise Of Us Empire In The Pacific, With Annotations From Selected Works Of E. San Juan, Jr., Kenneth E. Bauzon Dec 2024

Themes From The History Of Capitalism To The Rise Of Us Empire In The Pacific, With Annotations From Selected Works Of E. San Juan, Jr., Kenneth E. Bauzon

Kritika Kultura

This work reconstructs the history of capitalism through the era of European colonialism and the rise of the United States empire in the Pacific. The reconstruction is done by drawing from the works of E. San Juan, Jr., considered arguably one of the great contemporary cultural and literary critics of our time. In this author’s view, San Juan’s lifetime of works offers living documentation of, among others, the history and thought of the modern world highlighted by the rise of capitalism, laying the basis for contemporary neoliberal globalization, and shepherded to its hegemonic status by the preeminent empire, the United …


Lessons From E. San Juan, Jr. On Resistance, Diversity, And Anti-Materialism In The Academy, Rachel Peterson, Joel Wendland Dec 2024

Lessons From E. San Juan, Jr. On Resistance, Diversity, And Anti-Materialism In The Academy, Rachel Peterson, Joel Wendland

Kritika Kultura

Throughout his astoundingly productive career, San Juan has unmasked how the intelligentsia becomes imbricated in the abuses of capitalism, colonialism and racism, and demands that those in the privileged space of the academy acknowledge and address ever-increasing inequality. He has dissected the theories and methodologies deployed in pedagogy and scholarship at different historical moments and has shown how issues of class, political economy, and (internal and international) colonialism become abstract and immaterial in the hands of intellectuals, even those who proclaim alliance with the wretched of the earth.


Migration, Imagination, And Transformation: Revisiting E. San Juan’S Carlos Bulosan And The Imagination Of The Class Struggle, Michael D. Pante, Leo Angelo Nery Dec 2024

Migration, Imagination, And Transformation: Revisiting E. San Juan’S Carlos Bulosan And The Imagination Of The Class Struggle, Michael D. Pante, Leo Angelo Nery

Kritika Kultura

This paper argues that an examination of the historiographical trajectory of scholarly works on the Philippine peasantry, particularly peasants in Luzon provinces, and transnational migration can deepen our understanding of Carlos Bulosan’s life and works. Using E. San Juan, Jr.’s Carlos Bulosan and the Imagination of the Class Struggle as the analytic focus in pursuing the argument, we aim to contextualize Bulosan’s life story within the larger framework of the history of Philippine peasant movements and draw connections between his life in America and the contemporary experience of Filipino migrants. To reach these objectives, we need to understand San Juan’s …


From “Game-Like Realism” To The “Imagination-Oriented Aesthetic”: Reconsidering Bourdieu’S Contribution To Fan Studies In The Light Of Japanese Manga And Otaku Theory, Zoltan Kacsuk Dec 2024

From “Game-Like Realism” To The “Imagination-Oriented Aesthetic”: Reconsidering Bourdieu’S Contribution To Fan Studies In The Light Of Japanese Manga And Otaku Theory, Zoltan Kacsuk

Kritika Kultura

Following Casey Brienza’s call for drawing on Japanese “otaku theory” in order to further comics studies, the present article demonstrates how the wider interrelated discourse around anime, manga, and otaku can be productively related to fields such as Western fan studies. Focusing on Azuma Hiroki’s book The Birth of Game-like Realism this paper both highlights the theoretical richness of works which have yet to be translated into English, and emphasizes the importance of manga research – in this case Itō Gō’s book Tezuka is Dead – beyond the confines of manga/comics studies. Building on a novel reading of Azuma’s framework …


Introduction: Manga Beyond Critique?, Jaqueline Berndt Dec 2024

Introduction: Manga Beyond Critique?, Jaqueline Berndt

Kritika Kultura

This introduction to the special issue “Manga Culture and Critique” takes as its point of departure a stark contrast to English-language comics discourse, namely that in contemporary Japan manga is only rarely expected to serve as a means of social critique, at least insofar as the by now predominant notion is concerned, i.e. manga as entertaining graphic narratives first serialized in magazines, inviting readers’ affective investment and fans’ participation in more ways than reading. The special-issue articles, however, consider more notions of manga: single-image satirical cartoons on the one pole, “AMO (anime-manga-otaku) culture” on the other. And even if focusing …


Exorcising Communist Specters And Witch Philosophers: The Struggle For Academic Freedom Of 1961, Preciosa De Joya Dec 2024

Exorcising Communist Specters And Witch Philosophers: The Struggle For Academic Freedom Of 1961, Preciosa De Joya

Kritika Kultura

In re-discovering the scholars who pioneered in the practice and teaching of Philosophy in the Philippines, this paper unravels the story and character of UP Philosophy professor Ricardo Pascual in the context of the witch hunts of 1961. While indicted for his alleged communism, the real issues that led to Pascual’s trial were his professed agnosticism and his advocacy of secular liberalism, which was a response to the sectarian aggression threatening academic freedom in the 1930s, and again, in the 1950s. Pascual was, however, not the only one at that time to have fallen prey to this insidious tactic of …


Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan Dec 2024

Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan

Kritika Kultura

While the overall majority of Hallyu research has looked at the way fans consume Korean popular culture and how it influences their identity, this paper focuses on the way these fans serve as effective agents for marketing Hallyu and how their fandom empowers them to explore new business and social opportunities. Focusing on what we call “fan entrepreneurship,” this paper examines the evolvement of fan communities in Israel and their role as cultural agents transcending different cultural and social contexts. More specifically, it analyzes their role as promoters, distributers, and entrepreneurs of Hallyu. To examine fan entrepreneurship in action, we …


Increasing Opportunity And Value In The Cultural Industries: A Comparative Analysis Of The Successful Clusters And Implications For Hallyu, Hwy-Chang Moon Dec 2024

Increasing Opportunity And Value In The Cultural Industries: A Comparative Analysis Of The Successful Clusters And Implications For Hallyu, Hwy-Chang Moon

Kritika Kultura

Despite the growing digitalization and globalization, the industrial map of the world remains to display high-level concentration of resources and productivity in certain geographical locations called clusters. These locations such as Silicon Valley and Hollywood continue to attract entrepreneurs and large firms, enjoying strong sustainability and competitiveness. As the agglomerate of diverse entities and institutions, clusters play a significant role for improving the overall growth of the industry. This is more evident in the cultural industries where the relatively high unpredictability, expanding scale of investments, and the importance of physical location for consuming cultural contents require firms and participants to …


From Record Contract To Artrepreneur? Musicians' Self-Management And The Changing Illusio In The Music Market, Holger Schwetter Dec 2024

From Record Contract To Artrepreneur? Musicians' Self-Management And The Changing Illusio In The Music Market, Holger Schwetter

Kritika Kultura

This article contrasts present conceptions of pop musicians’ career development with ideas from the 1960s to 1990s. It identifies two divergent key concepts: the artrepreneur and the record contract. As a counterpart, the article evaluates empirical findings from an interview study with German and US-American musicians to answer the following research question: How are concepts of career management advocated and how are they related to the musician’s practices? This research suggests that in the 1970s to 1990s, self-management was regarded as a necessary evil before getting a recording contract, which was seen as a central aim for musicians. This widespread …


The Next Growth Strategy For Hallyu: A Comparative Analysis Of Global Entertainment Firms, Yeon W. Lee, Kyuchan Kim Dec 2024

The Next Growth Strategy For Hallyu: A Comparative Analysis Of Global Entertainment Firms, Yeon W. Lee, Kyuchan Kim

Kritika Kultura

Previous policy approaches on Hallyu have been focused on the role of government engagement, particularly in fostering diversity and equal business opportunities for small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs). However, a more strategic approach to the cultural industries should be implemented by carefully examining the role of the private sector, particularly the role of large enterprises (LEs). This is important because LEs have an overarching and fundamentally differentiated role in increasing the size of industry through their expansive value-creating activities and diversified business areas. This study focuses on the complementary roles of SMEs and LEs in facilitating the growth of Hallyu by bringing …


Adapting To Technological Changes In The Music Business: The Case Of The British Music Industry And New Record Formats In The 1950s, Stephen Ranger Dec 2024

Adapting To Technological Changes In The Music Business: The Case Of The British Music Industry And New Record Formats In The 1950s, Stephen Ranger

Kritika Kultura

Technological changes have had a major impact on music industries across all areas of business, ranging from production to distribution. When looking at the history of emerging music industries, it is evident that those who have effectively adapted to new technological changes have been able to achieve significant and meaningful success. This is clearly the case with the British music industry during the emergence of rock and roll from the 1950s to the 1960s. This paper examines how EMI, the leading British music company, responded to changes in record formats in the 1950s. A form of new technological development at …


The Construction Of Modernity In Pre-Independent Indonesia And Its Ensuing Manifestation In Critical Discourse And Literary Theory, Paulus Sarwoto Dec 2024

The Construction Of Modernity In Pre-Independent Indonesia And Its Ensuing Manifestation In Critical Discourse And Literary Theory, Paulus Sarwoto

Kritika Kultura

This article traces the development of what may be called Indonesian critical discourse particularly related to the position of “West” and “East” from the colonial period to the New Order era. The development of this discourse and its manifestation in Indonesian literary theory began with a postcolonial debate on the construction of Indonesian modernity, i.e., toward which center it is going to be oriented. The tension between Western-centric discourse, on the one hand, and traditional orientation, on the other, characterized the earliest intellectual debate in the 1930s. This argument took a different contour in the 1960s when the tension turned …


Critical Crossings: Hybridity's Fissures And Ruptures, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Critical Crossings: Hybridity's Fissures And Ruptures, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

The papers in this special section at once undertake and undermine the discourse of hybridity, at once to recognize the strength of its rhetorical force and critique the limits of its explanatory power. Rather than viewing hybridity as a kind of floating signifier in all its ambivalence as many postcolonial studies have been noted to have undertaken, the papers explore its conditions of possibility in the context of the materiality of the historical situation and specifically in the concreteness of the authors’ inscription in history and the worldly particularity of literature, literary form, and criticism. As a category, for a …