Digital Commons Network^™

The Original Meaning Of The Sixteenth Amendment, John R. Brooks, David Gamage

Faculty Scholarship

The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution enshrines Congress’s “power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived.” Challenges to the exercise of that power have typically turned on whether the thing being taxed is “income” or not. In the most recent example, the 2023 Supreme Court case of Moore v. United States, taxpayers have argued that the Sixteenth Amendment only authorizes taxation of realized income—this is, that gain from appreciated property can only be taxed as “income” when there has been a sale or conversion of that property.

In this Article we argue—based on the …

The Global Tax Deal And The New International Economic Governance, Rebecca Kysar

Faculty Scholarship

The ethos of economic integration and trade liberation no longer reigns supreme. Instead of multilateral trade agreements, nations are turning towards protectionism and unilateralism. Yet in late 2021, nearly 140 countries agreed to a new global tax deal that is aimed at coordinating their tax systems to curtail tax competition and corporation profit shifting to tax havens, as well as constructing a new allocation of taxing rights among nations. Although multilateral trade agreements now seem out of reach, tax multilateralism is ascendant. This is surprising given the deep tradition of national control over tax policy. It also perplexing since international …

Assessing The Completeness Of Patient-Reported Outcomes Reporting In Congestive Heart Failure Clinical Trials, Drayton Rorah, Jonathan Pollard, Corbin Walters, Will Roberts, Micah Hartwell, Christian Hemmerich, Matt Vassar

Student Publications

Objective: We aim to evaluate the quality of patient-reported outcomes included in randomized control trials for the treatment of congestive heart failure using the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) checklist, a validated tool for critically appraising the quality of patient-reported outcomes.

Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 65 randomized control trials with patient-reported outcomes for drug intervention trials for treating congestive heart failure.

Setting: N/A.

Participants: N/A.

Main outcome measures: The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the reporting completeness of patient-reported outcomes in congestive heart failure clinical trials with drug interventions according to …

Gender Difference On Internal Equity: Evidence From The Hospitality Industry In Ghana, Patricia Peprah

Faculty Publications

It is a hypothetical position that employees in the hospitality industry in Ghana experience salary disparities based on the gender of the employee. Pay disparities exist because of unconscious biases in areas such as hiring, promotions, performance reviews, and salary decisions. In ensuring equal pay for equal work to fulfill the International Labor Organization (ILO) convention, this study investigated the internal equity pay of the employees in Ghana's hospitality industry based on equal work. This quantitative association study adopted a self-constructed research instrument to measure internal equity pay and randomly selected 350 respondents in the hospitality industry in Ghana to …

The Mediating Effect Of Financial Literacy On Blockchain Technology Application And Financial Risk: Insight From Ghanaian Professionals Toward Policy Recommendations, Maxwell Okpoti Mensah, Williams Kwasi Peprah [email protected]

Faculty Publications

This study explores the mediating effect of financial literacy on the relationship between blockchain technology application and financial risk among financial institution professionals in Ghana. Utilizing a correlational research design, data were collected from a sample of 336 professionals through a self-constructed Likert-scale questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using path analysis and mediation techniques. The findings reveal that financial literacy had a significant partial mediating effect between blockchain technology application and financial risk, accounting for 26.0% of the total effect. The direct negative effect of blockchain technology applications on financial risk also remained significant, highlighting the independent contribution of blockchain …

Inactive Metallopeptidase Homologs: The Secret Lives Of Pseudopeptidases, Peter Lyons

Faculty Publications

Inactive enzyme homologs, or pseudoenzymes, are proteins, found within most enzyme families, that are incapable of performing catalysis. Rather than catalysis, they are involved in protein-protein interactions, sometimes regulating the activity of their active enzyme cousins, or scaffolding protein complexes. Pseudoenzymes found within metallopeptidase families likewise perform these functions. Pseudoenzymes within the M14 carboxypeptidase family interact with collagens within the extracellular space, while pseudopeptidase members of the M12 "a disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) family either discard their pseudopeptidase domains as unnecessary for their roles in sperm maturation or utilize surface loops to enable assembly of key complexes at neuronal synapses. …

What's In A Name? Standardization Of Vernacular Names For Trichechus Manatus, A. A. Mignucci-Giannoni, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, Anmari Alvarez-Alemán, Jamie Aquino, D. Caicedo-Herrera, Delma Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez, Diane Claridge, M. Fabiola Corona-Figueroa, Adolphe O. Debrot, Benoit De Thoisy, Carlos Espinoza-Marin, J. Galves, Eddy Garcia-Alfonso, Hector M. Guzman, Jalaludin Ahmad Khan, Jeremy J. Kiszka, Fabia De Oliveira Luna, Miriam Marmontel, Leon David Olivera-Gomez, Christine O'Sullivan, James A. Powell, Enrique Pugibet-Bobea, Indranee Roopsind, Carlos J. Silva

Faculty Publications

Trichechus manatus is one of 3 recognized extant species of manatees of the mammalian Order Sirenia. Currently, it is known by various vernacular names, none of which are descriptive of its biology and known distribution. This lack of standardization has led to confusion and miscommunication, hindering conservation efforts for this species. We propose standardizing the vernacular names used to refer to the species and its 2 subspecies based on appropriate geographical characterization in English, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Portuguese, respectively: “American Manatee”, “Manatí de las Américas”, “Lamantin d’Amérique”, “Amerikaanse Lamantijn”, and “Peixe-boi das Américas” for T. manatus; “Florida Manatee”, “Manatí …

Trust Model Utilization For Energy Grid Communication, N. Sonali Fernando, John M. Acken, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The internet information that is used by the Energy Grid of Things requires both preventative security measures as well as surveillance measures. The preventative security measures include certificates, encryption, and all of the basic security protocols as defined by published standards. The surveillance measures include monitoring information flow activities and evaluating these messages for indications of potential security attacks. We describe in this paper the utilization of a Distributed Trust Model that was developed specifically for monitoring communication within an Energy Grid of Things. The goal for the Distributed Trust Models is to provide a level of aggregate trust that …

Field Demonstration Of Residential Der Service-Oriented Load Participation, Zhongkai Zeng, Dana Paresa, Midrar Adham, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Amidst a concerning surge in power consumption during peak hours, coupled with heightened power grid instability, and driven by a growing demand for electricity, aggregations of Distributed Energy Resource are becoming a viable means for providing essential reliability services. Electric utility companies have proactively implemented Demand Response programs for decades. These programs employ Direct Load Control methods to enhance power grid stability, achieved by controlling customers’ Distributed Energy Resource during peak hours to reduce power consumption. However, a notable drawback of Direct Load Control has been high unenrollment rates of DR program participants due to customer discomfort. Therefore, the underlying …

Integration Of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment For Patients With Chronic Pain, Sharon Gustowski, Turner Slicho, D'Angeleau Newsome

Faculty and Staff Publications

The Five Models of Osteopathic Medicine offers guidance on creating a treatment plan that includes OMT for patients with chronic pain. Using OMT on one body region or system has numerous downstream effects and can influence multiple models. This paper describes this therapeutic modality.

A Magnetic Constant Torque Mechanism, Gozde Sivka, Dawei Che, Bert Dechant, Colton Bruce, Jonathan Z. Bird

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents the design of a new type of magnetic constant torque mechanism. The constant torque is shown to be created over a prescribed ±65° stroke length and is shown to be highly uniform. The value of the constant torque is adjustable through the relative axial motion of the rotors. The constant torque is created using a simple magnet arrangement which makes use of the axial transverse-flux path of one rotor's magnetic field relative to the azimuthal field flow of the fixed secondary rotor. It is shown that the use of segmented magnets introduces torque ripple.

A Transverse-Flux Constant Force Mechanism, Gozde Sivka, Bertrand Dechant, Colton Bruce, Jonathan Z. Bird

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A new type of constant force magnet mechanism is presented that relies on the interaction of magnets alone to create a constant force over a prescribed stroke length. It is demonstrated that by using a transverse field path a very uniform radial field along the travel length is created. This can then be used to create a constant force over a long stroke length. The constat force value is shown to be adjustable through the rotation of the stator relative to the translator. The operating principle of the presented transverse-flux constant force mechanism is validated by using 3-D finite element …

The Chesnutt Archives: A Review, Akua Agyeiwaa Denkyi-Manieson

Department of English: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A review of the Charles W. Chesnutt Archives, available at https://chesnuttarchive.org/.

Email Invitation And Survey For Faculty Whose Experience Has Mostly Been With Actual Vertical Transfer Students, Alexandra W. Logue, Vita Rabinowitz, Yoshiko Oka, Nayeon Yoo, Rhina Torres, Kerstin Gentsch, David Wutchiett

Publications and Research

Copy of survey used for faculty whose experience has mostly been with actual vertical transfer (bachelor's-degree) students, along with email sent to faculty inviting them to complete the survey.

Legacy Of Labour: The Impact Of Parental Occupations On Children’S Careers Choices And Income Inequality, Swapnil Landge

Publications and Research

This paper investigates how intergenerational occupational mobility and self-selection into occupations are influenced by the occupations of parents. The results demonstrate that children who pursue their parents’ occupations, particularly those in the lowest earnings percentiles, are more negatively self-selected compared to those whose parents are in the highest earning deciles. In particular, 65% of the children who pursue their parents’ occupation in Decile 1, 49% in Decile 2, 32% in Decile 3 and 26% in Decile 4 would have achieved higher productivity and earned higher earnings in high-income occupations (specifically in Decile 10 occupations). In contrast, children from high-income backgrounds …

Parents, Paths, And Paychecks: Examining Intergenerational Occupational Mobility And Career Choices, Swapnil Landge

Publications and Research

This paper examines the influence of fathers’ and mothers’ occupations on their children’s occupational outcomes, using a self-selection model to analyze intergenerational career mobility. By constructing and analyzing transition matrices, I estimate the extent of positive and negative self-selection for sons and daughters when they follow either their father’s or mother’s occupation. The results reveal distinct patterns for sons and daughters. Sons who follow their father’s occupation tend to avoid negative self-selection, particularly in higher-paying fields such as Professional Occupations and Technicians and Related Support Occupations, where negative self-selection is minimal. Conversely, sons following their mother’s occupation face higher rates …

South America Holds The Greatest Diversity Of Native Daisies (Asteraceae) In The World: An Updated Catalogue Supporting Continental-Scale Conservation, Andrés Moreira-Muñoz, Marcelo Monge, Mariana A. Grossi, Fabio Andrés Ávila, Vanezza Morales-Fierro, Gustavo Heiden, Berni Britto, Stephan Beck, Jimi N. Nakajima, Vanina G. Salgado, Juan Facundo Rodríguez-Cravero, Diego G. Gutiérrez

Publications and Research

Asteraceae is the world’s richest plant family and is found on all continents, in environments ranging from the coast to the highest mountains. The family shows all growth forms and, as in other angiosperm families, species richness is concentrated in tropical regions. South America has the highest diversity of Asteraceae in the world, yet taxonomic and distributional knowledge gaps remain. This study compiles an updated catalog of Asteraceae native to South America, based on national and regional checklists and ongoing large-scale flora projects. The resulting checklist includes a total of 6,940 species and 564 genera native to South America to …

Time-Efficient Filtering Of Imaging Polarimetric Data By Checking Physical Realizability Of Experimental Mueller Matrices, Tatiana Novikova, Alexey Ovchinnikov, Gleb Pogudin, Jessica C. Ramella-Roman

Publications and Research

Motivation: Imaging Mueller polarimetry has already proved its potential for biomedicine, remote sensing, and metrology. The real-time applications of this modality require both video rate image acquisition and fast data post-processing algorithms. First, one must check the physical realizability of the experimental Mueller matrices in order to filter out non-physical data, i.e. to test the positive semi-definiteness of the 4 × 4 Hermitian coherency matrix calculated from the elements of corresponding Mueller matrix pixel-wise. For this purpose, we compared the execution time for the calculations of (i) eigenvalues, (ii) Cholesky decomposition, (iii) Sylvester’s criterion, and (iv) coefficients of the characteristic …

Social Atomism And Its Problems – Metaphysical And Political, Graham Priest

Publications and Research

Social atomism is a view that informs much contemporary social thinking. Drawing on arguments from Marxism and Buddhism, I will argue that it is false, and explore the consequences of this for a number of issues, notably those related to the ideology of capitalism.

Engaging Sexual Minority Adolescents In Nationwide At-Home Hiv Prevention Research In The U.S, Ali J. Talan, Carly Wolfer, Nicola Tavella, Cynthia Cabral, Ricardo Despradel, H. Jonathon Rendina

Publications and Research

Objectives: This study examined research-related privacy and confidentiality concerns among adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) and provides lessons learned to inform recruitment and enrollment strategies for this population.

Methods: Participants were a 2017-2018 internet-based U.S. national sample of sexual minority adolescents who responded to self-report measures of privacy and confidentiality concerns. Results: Bivariate chi-square tests were used to identify participants’ mean differences in worry and likelihood of privacy breach occurrences. Many participants reported privacy-related concerns within remote HIV prevention research.

Conclusions: Study protocols were designed to ensure participants felt safe participating in online HIV prevention research. However, there are challenges …

It’S About Time, Part Ii: Does Time Poverty Contribute To Inequitable College Outcomes By Gender And Race/Ethnicity?, Claire Wladis, Alyse C. Hachey, Katherine M. Conway

Publications and Research

Existing research demonstrates gender- and race/ethnicity-based inequities in college outcomes. Separately, recent research suggests a relationship between time poverty and college outcomes for student parents and online students. However, to date, no studies have empirically explored whether differential access to time as a resource for college may explain differential outcomes by gender or race/ethnicity. To address this, this study explored the relationship between time poverty, gender or race/ethnicity, and college outcomes at a large urban public university with two and four year campuses. Time poverty explained a significant proportion of differential outcomes (retention and credit accumulation) by gender and race/ethnicity. …

A Tai Chi And Qigong Mind-Body Program For Low Back Pain: A Virtually Delivered Randomized Control Trial, Yang Yang, Sydne Mccluskey, Mohamad Bydon, Jaspal Ricky Singh, Robert D. Sheeler, Karim Rizwan Nathani, Ana C. Krieger, Neel D. Mehta, Joshua Weaver, Libin Jia, Sharo Decelle, Robert C. Schlagal, Jay Ayar, Sahar Abduljawad, Steven D. Stovitz, Ravindra Ganesh, Jay Verkuilen, Kenneth A. Knapp, Lin Yang, Roger Härtl

Publications and Research

Background: Mind-body treatments have the potential to manage pain, yet their effectiveness when delivered online for the treatment of low back pain (LBP) is unknown. We sought to evaluate whether a virtually delivered mind-body program integrating tai chi, qigong, and meditation (VDTQM) is effective for treating LBP.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial compared VDTQM (n=175) to waitlist control (n=175). Eligible participants were at least 18 years old, had LBP for at least 6 weeks, were not pregnant, had not previously taken tai chi classes, and had not undergone spine surgery within 6 months. The treatment group received a 12-week VDTQM …

Histories, Legacies, And Futures Of Image-Processing, Helena Shaskevich, Adam Hart

Publications and Research

Conversations for this special section of Leonardo first began in July 2023. Over the course of the following year and half, as the framework was conceptualized, papers were solicited, reviewed, edited and re-edited, and editorial deadlines came and went, two pioneering figures in the field of video image-processing passed away: Louise (Etra) Ledeen and Ralph Hocking. While the trajectories of their engagement with the now-widely dispersed community of image-processing artists differed—Ledeen left the art world to focus on corporate projects in the late 1980s while Hocking continued to teach at Binghamton University and remained at the helm of the Experimental …

Grid Culture, Eliot Bates, Arseni Troitski

Publications and Research

In this essay, we provide our initial ethnographic research about lines, which at a superficial level can be considered a platform, but which is also synonymous with a community of 8800 users, and with 606k unique posts authored by these users that in aggregate constitute a discourse network (Aufschreibesysteme, see Kittler 1990). lines—as platform, community, and discourse network—is primarily designed to support the development, documentation and user-generated code efforts specific to a set of hardware synthesis-related objects (the two we will focus on are called Norns and Grid; we’ll discuss what they are and what they do through the subsequent …

Sociodemographic Correlates Of Low Health Literacy Skills Among Cancer Survivors: National Findings From Brfss 2016 And Implications For Precision Survivorship Care, Qi Chen, John Moore, Lailea Noel, Kirk Von Sternberg, Barbara Jones

Publications and Research

Purpose: This study aimed to explore associations of sociodemographic factors with difficulties in three health literacy (HL) skills and the severity of low HL skills.

Design: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis. Subjects: Data came from 17,834 adults who responded to the HL module with a response rate of 47% in the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Measures: Independent variables included sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment and income. Dependent variables are three HL skills: obtaining, understanding oral, and understanding written health information.

Analysis: We conducted weighted Chi-square tests and multinominal logistic regressions.

Results: Cancer survivors younger than 65 (aged 18-39: AOR=4.46, …

Integrated Pest Management Of Maple (Acer) In Midwest Nursery Production, Darcey Hickey

Department of Entomology: Distance Master of Science Projects

Introduction

In all agricultural settings, damage from arthropod pests is inevitable. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was introduced in the 1970’s as a response to increased public awareness of the hazardous effects of pesticides in the environment (Frazier, 2010). Ornamental nursery production is an important sector of US agriculture. In ornamental nurseries, pest damage is the leading cause of revenue loss (Braman et al., 2015). IPM has primarily been implemented for agricultural settings and as IPM is specific to each environment, it is important to explore the use of IPM practices in nursery production. As nurseries are found across the United …

Integrated Pest Management (Ipm) Manual: Green Cloverworm (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Control In Soybeans, David Newfang

Department of Entomology: Distance Master of Science Projects

Integrated pest management (IPM) offers a sustainable approach to managing green cloverworm (Hypena scabra) in soybean crops (Glycine Max). The goal is to minimize reliance on chemical pesticides while promoting an ecological balance. This plan outlines a comprehensive IPM strategy tailored for green cloverworm control in soybeans across various growth stages. Monitoring and scouting are emphasized to accurately assess pest populations. Management strategies such as cultural practices, mechanical control, biological control and chemical control are analyzed. Farmer education courses and outreach programs are applied to increase awareness, promote adoption of IPM practices, and foster collaboration among stakeholders. …

Enhanced Resilience To Prolonged Marine Heatwaves In Seagrass Posidonia Sinuosa Populations From Warmer Regions, Marlene Wesselmann, Nicole Said, Chanelle Webster, Simone Strydom, Kathryn Mcmahon

Reports accepted as research outputs

Executive Summary: Climate change is driving the intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs), which pose a significant threat to seagrass ecosystems globally. Understanding the response of seagrass species to these extreme thermal events is crucial for predicting their resilience and informing conservation strategies. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of prolonged MHW conditions (30 °C) on the photophysiology, metabolism, and growth of three populations of Posidonia sinuosa from Western Australia (Shoalwater, Garden Island, and Jurien Bay). We aimed to determine whether populations with higher thermal optima exhibit higher levels of resilience to MHWs compared to populations with lower thermal optima.

Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince

Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association

Anniversary Year Brings a Look at Our Past, Court Review Editors

Judicial Independence, John Owens

Remarks on Judicial Independence by Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Anniversary Reprint), John Owens

So You’re Going to Be a Judge, Cynthia Gray

Religion’s Role in Judicial Decision-Making: an Update (Anniversary Reprint), Tiffany M. Williams, Alaina L. Warrior, Logan A. Yelderman, Monica K. Miller, and Brian H. Bornstein

Does A Judge’s Religion Influence Decision Making? Brian H. Bornstein and Monica K. Miller

How to Make Better Decisions, John F. Edwards

Editor’s Note, David Prince

President’s Column, Catherine Carlson

The Law of Sniffer-Dog Searches in Canada [Thoughts from …

Tennessee Archivist 43, No. 1, Society Of Tennessee Archivists

Tennessee Archivist newsletters

Winter 2024 issue of the Tennessee Archivist, a newsletter produced by the Society of Tennessee Archivists.