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Articles 361 - 390 of 100749
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Repeated Bed Moves In A Community Treatment And Assessment Unit (Catu), Exploring The Impact On Patients And Nursing Staff, Erica Simmonds
Repeated Bed Moves In A Community Treatment And Assessment Unit (Catu), Exploring The Impact On Patients And Nursing Staff, Erica Simmonds
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Decoding The Dynamics In Financial Fraud, Triana Eva Adiningsih
Decoding The Dynamics In Financial Fraud, Triana Eva Adiningsih
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia
This empirical study examines fraud for the entire period and then compares it with the latest trends in the five years. This study utilizes extensive data sets to analyze specific aspects of fraud, including causes, types, solutions, and real-world cases. This study conducted a systematic literature review of relevant literature by taking data from Scopus-indexed journals. Vosviewer was used to identify events, and spreadsheet file information was grouped manually. Interestingly, the cheating types of ‘five-year statistics’ and ‘all-time statistics’ show slightly different frequencies. The main research topics focus on money laundering and financial crimes. To explore this further, this report …
Cfo-Ceo Informal Ties, Business Strategy, And Tax Aggressiveness, Hilmi Khuluqy, Siti Maisaroh, Alfa Rahmiati, Heru Tjaraka
Cfo-Ceo Informal Ties, Business Strategy, And Tax Aggressiveness, Hilmi Khuluqy, Siti Maisaroh, Alfa Rahmiati, Heru Tjaraka
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia
This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the impact of the informal relationship between the CFO and CEO on tax aggressiveness, and the moderating role of business strategy in this relationship. The data used in this study is sourced from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. The informal relationship between the CFO and CEO is measured through social ties and CFO co-option, while tax aggressiveness is measured by book-tax differences. This study also explores how business strategies, categorized as prospector or defender, moderate this relationship. The results indicate that CFO-CEO social ties …
The Role Of Cost Of Capital In The Link Between Esg Reporting And Firm Performance, Emmanuel Dwomor, Emmanuel Mensah
The Role Of Cost Of Capital In The Link Between Esg Reporting And Firm Performance, Emmanuel Dwomor, Emmanuel Mensah
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia
The attention surrounding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors within the corporate realm has grown significantly, as evidence mounts regarding their influence on firm performance. This research explores the connection between ESG reporting and firm performance from emerging economies’ perspective, with the cost of capital acting as a mediator to enhance our understanding of how capital providers perceive the risk profile of ESG-compliant firms and thereby reward them through a reduction in the costs they demand on their invested capital. The study sourced annual reports data on a sample of 146 emerging market firms across 59 industries spanning 2019 to …
Behavioral Accounting As A Catalyst In The Organizational Transformation Process Toward Sustainability, Ni Wayan Yellow Prinsis Dayani, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman Budiasih
Behavioral Accounting As A Catalyst In The Organizational Transformation Process Toward Sustainability, Ni Wayan Yellow Prinsis Dayani, I Gusti Ayu Nyoman Budiasih
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia
This research investigates the role of behavioral accounting as a catalyst in the organizational transformation process towards sustainability using phenomenological methods. The study aims to explore how behavioral accounting identifies individual behavioral factors, designs efficient sustainability systems, and enhances organizational commitment to sustainable practices. The research employs observation, secondary data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with organizational internal team, analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings indicate that behavioral accounting contributes to organizational sustainability by enhancing transparency in accounting information, thereby minimizing the risk of fund misuse and ensuring efficient resource allocation. This research supports behavioral accounting as pivotal in shaping …
Transcriptomic Profile Analysis Of Brain Tissue In The Absence Of Functional Trpm8 Calcium Channel, Erick B Saldes, Alexandra Erdmier, Jai Velpula, Timothy E Koeltzow, Michael X Zhu, Swapna Asuthkar
Transcriptomic Profile Analysis Of Brain Tissue In The Absence Of Functional Trpm8 Calcium Channel, Erick B Saldes, Alexandra Erdmier, Jai Velpula, Timothy E Koeltzow, Michael X Zhu, Swapna Asuthkar
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Background/Objectives: Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective, Ca2+-permeable cation channel involved in thermoregulation and other physiological processes, such as basal tear secretion, cell differentiation, and insulin homeostasis. The activation and deactivation of TRPM8 occur through genetic modifications, channel interactions, and signaling cascades. Recent evidence suggests a significant role of TRPM8 in the hypothalamus and amygdala related to pain sensation and sexual behavior. Notably, TRPM8 has been implicated in neuropathic pain, migraines, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Our laboratory has identified testosterone as a high-affinity ligand of TRPM8. TRPM8 deficiency appears to influence behavioral traits in …
Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Dan Kematian Pasien Covid-19 Di Layanan Rawat Inap Rsud Tarakan Tahun 2022 (Association Between Hypertension And Mortality Of Covid-19 Inpatients At Tarakan Regional General Hospital In 2022), Karina Widyasari, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo
Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Dan Kematian Pasien Covid-19 Di Layanan Rawat Inap Rsud Tarakan Tahun 2022 (Association Between Hypertension And Mortality Of Covid-19 Inpatients At Tarakan Regional General Hospital In 2022), Karina Widyasari, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 was the leading disease in terms of the highest number of hospital admissions and cause of death at the Tarakan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Tarakan) in 2022. COVID-19 patients who received treatment at the hospital were often individuals with underlying conditions, such as hypertension. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on comorbidities, specifically hypertension, and its relationship to COVID-19 mortality at the RSUD Tarakan’s inpatient in 2022, so the hospital can design spesific care plans for COVID-19 patients with hypertension. …
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Asfiksia Neonatus: Studi Kasus Kontrol Di Rsud Kabupaten Serang, Banten, Indonesia, Husnul Khotimah, Yosi Yusrotul Khasanah, Nur Arofah
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Asfiksia Neonatus: Studi Kasus Kontrol Di Rsud Kabupaten Serang, Banten, Indonesia, Husnul Khotimah, Yosi Yusrotul Khasanah, Nur Arofah
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Asphyxia in newborns is a common and serious cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality nationally and internationally. Risk factors for asphyxia can be seen from maternal and infant factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors in mothers and infants and to analyze which factors have the most influence on asphyxia. This study is a quantitative analytical study with a case-control approach. The number of case samples was 53 infants who experienced asphyxia and 53 control (1:1) infants so that the total sample was 106 infants. The variables studied were parity, Low Birth Weight (LBW), preeclampsia, …
Mathematical Modelling And Analysis For The Co-Infection Of Viral And Bacterial Diseases: A Systematic Review Protocol, Timothy Kiprono Yano, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Julia Collins, Ute Mueller, Steven Richardson
Mathematical Modelling And Analysis For The Co-Infection Of Viral And Bacterial Diseases: A Systematic Review Protocol, Timothy Kiprono Yano, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Julia Collins, Ute Mueller, Steven Richardson
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Introduction Breaking the chain of transmission of an infectious disease pathogen is a major public health priority. The challenges of understanding, describing and predicting the transmission dynamics of infections have led to a wide range of mathematical, statistical and biological research problems. Advances in diagnostic laboratory procedures with the ability to test multiple pathogens simultaneously mean that co-infections are increasingly being detected, yet little is known about the impact of co-infections in shaping the course of an infection, infectivity, and pathogen replication rate. This is particularly true of the apparent synergistic effects of viral and bacterial co-infections, which present the …
Biostatistik In Ophthalmologie Und Optometrie: Eine Artikelserie Zur Unterstützung Evidenzbasierter Entscheidungsprozesse, Daniela Oehring, Pedro Miguel Serra
Biostatistik In Ophthalmologie Und Optometrie: Eine Artikelserie Zur Unterstützung Evidenzbasierter Entscheidungsprozesse, Daniela Oehring, Pedro Miguel Serra
School of Health Professions
Zweck. Fortschritte in der Augen- und Sehversorgung basieren auf der Anwendung von Forschungsergebnissen und der präzisen Interpretation klinischer Daten. Dennoch treten in der Augen- und Sehforschung (EVR) häufig Forschungsverschwendungen auf, bedingt durch methodische Mängel und unangemessene statistische Analysen. Dies untergräbt die Validität von Studien und führt zu ineffizienter Nutzung erheblicher finanzieller Ressourcen. Dieser Artikel, der erste Teil der Serie „Entwicklung statistischer Kompetenzen in der Augenheilkunde: Eine Reihe zur Unterstützung evidenzbasierter Entscheidungsprozesse”, zielt darauf ab, diese Herausforderungen anzugehen, indem er die statistische Kompetenz von Fachkräften in der Augenheilkunde stärkt.Material und Methoden. Anhand einer umfassenden narrativen Literaturübersicht und der Erstellung simulierter klinischer …
Shalom In Social Media Marketing Shalom In Social Media Marketing, Jill R. Risner, Thomas Betts
Shalom In Social Media Marketing Shalom In Social Media Marketing, Jill R. Risner, Thomas Betts
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
This paper will examine social media and the ways in which it currently does and does not contribute to shalom through an examination of both the platforms themselves as well as the content shared through them. As Christ’s ambassadors in the world and the primary funders of social media, marketers have power and an obligation to consider social media’s impact on shalom in the world and to use it in ways that contribute to shalom. This paper will provide several recommendations of how marketers can do this including posting content that intentionally contributes to shalom, engaging on platforms that support …
Digital Inclusion - Establishing And Understanding The Problem In A Digital First Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Service: A Practice Improvement Project, Andrew Deare
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Professional Identities, Culture And Pillars, Ralph Hammond
Professional Identities, Culture And Pillars, Ralph Hammond
South West Clinical School Journal
No abstract provided.
Evaluating The Impact Of A Walking Group On Staff Well-Being And Compassionate Care In Mental Health Inpatient Services, Amanda Glanville
Evaluating The Impact Of A Walking Group On Staff Well-Being And Compassionate Care In Mental Health Inpatient Services, Amanda Glanville
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Evaluating The Impact Of Staff Attitudes And Behaviours On Hospital-Associated Deconditioning, Cheryl Kent
Evaluating The Impact Of Staff Attitudes And Behaviours On Hospital-Associated Deconditioning, Cheryl Kent
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Facilitating Friendship Maintenance For People With Aphasia, Tom Williams
Facilitating Friendship Maintenance For People With Aphasia, Tom Williams
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Haematinics Assessment Prior To Commencing Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy To Prevent Anaemia, Reduce Transfusion Requirements, And Improve Treatment Outcomes, Lee Merry
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Implementing A Patient Reported Experience Measure To A Home-Based Intermediate Care Service In Cornwall, Bethan Allen
Implementing A Patient Reported Experience Measure To A Home-Based Intermediate Care Service In Cornwall, Bethan Allen
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Managing Metabolic Osteoarthritis In Primary Care: A Survey Of First Contact Physiotherapist’S Knowledge, Confidence And Role Perception, Kate Preston, Clare Cambray, Mike Henning
Managing Metabolic Osteoarthritis In Primary Care: A Survey Of First Contact Physiotherapist’S Knowledge, Confidence And Role Perception, Kate Preston, Clare Cambray, Mike Henning
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME
The Efficacy Of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation In Reducing Acute Phantom Limb Pain: Patients’ Perspectives, Jennifer Bernthal
The Efficacy Of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation In Reducing Acute Phantom Limb Pain: Patients’ Perspectives, Jennifer Bernthal
South West Clinical School Journal
#400WORDS: CHIEF NURSING OFFICER’S RESEARCH FELLOWS EVIDENCE IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
Fraud Mitigation By Embodying Maqashid Sharia Values And Islamic Work Ethics, Farah Nurani Qorny, Sugiyarti Fatma Laela, Ahmad Levi Fachrul Avivy
Fraud Mitigation By Embodying Maqashid Sharia Values And Islamic Work Ethics, Farah Nurani Qorny, Sugiyarti Fatma Laela, Ahmad Levi Fachrul Avivy
Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia
This research examines how the fraud square influences fraud, and investigates whether implementing tahdzib al-fard (educating individuals), part of Maqashid Sharia values, and Islamic Work Ethics (IWE), can reduce employee involvement in fraud. The study uses a quantitative approach with questionnaires for data collection, with 257 civil servants in Banten Province agencies, Indonesia, as study samples. The data were further tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The study reveals that pressure, opportunity and rationalization have a positive relationship with fraud, while integrity has no impact on fraud deterrence. Tahdzib al-fard significantly influences employee perceptions and attitudes towards dealing …
Research Focusing On Protective Factors: From Individual To Community And Societal Strengths, Maria Caridad H. Tarroja
Research Focusing On Protective Factors: From Individual To Community And Societal Strengths, Maria Caridad H. Tarroja
Asia-Pacific Social Science Review
No abstract provided.
“The People Deserve Better Governance”: Examining The Letters Of Filipino High School Students To The Next President Of The Philippines, Ma. Glenda Lopez Wui, Jessica Sandra R. Claudio, Rosselle Trishia M. Reyes, Carl Russel R. Reyes, Jie Zhang, Enrique Niño P. Leviste
“The People Deserve Better Governance”: Examining The Letters Of Filipino High School Students To The Next President Of The Philippines, Ma. Glenda Lopez Wui, Jessica Sandra R. Claudio, Rosselle Trishia M. Reyes, Carl Russel R. Reyes, Jie Zhang, Enrique Niño P. Leviste
Asia-Pacific Social Science Review
The study examined the results of the civic writing project “Letter to the Next President of the Philippines,” where grades 9-10 students were asked to write a letter to the next president about social problems that they wanted their future leader to resolve and why. The study analyzed the students’ letter topics according to their school type and location, gender, and the students’ sources of information for their civic writing. The letters (N=322) were written by students from urban and rural, and public and private schools across the country in March-May 2022 before the Philippine presidential election. The quantitative analysis …
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy And Extreme Decision-Making: The Unexpected Influence Of Entrepreneurial Personality, Chatchai Chatpunyakul, Sarist Gulthawatvichai
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy And Extreme Decision-Making: The Unexpected Influence Of Entrepreneurial Personality, Chatchai Chatpunyakul, Sarist Gulthawatvichai
Asia-Pacific Social Science Review
The two main goals of this paper are to (a) examine how entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) affects decision- making among nascent entrepreneurs and (b) examine the moderating role of entrepreneurial personality. A 2x2 between- subjects online randomized experiment was carried out. A sample of 48 Bangkok-based business school students who functioned as the study’s nascent entrepreneurs’ representatives was used to collect data for two sessions. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the research hypotheses. The findings show that extreme decision-making and nascent entrepreneurs’ ESE are positively correlated; an increase in ESE causes an increase in extreme decision-making. The effect of …
Development And Validation Of The Malaysia Cybervictimization Scale For Adolescents In Malay And Chinese Version, Poh Chua Siah, Xiang Yi Tee, Chee-Seng Tan, Joanna Tjin Ai Tan, Komathi Lokithasan, Sew Kim Low, Chin Choo Yap
Development And Validation Of The Malaysia Cybervictimization Scale For Adolescents In Malay And Chinese Version, Poh Chua Siah, Xiang Yi Tee, Chee-Seng Tan, Joanna Tjin Ai Tan, Komathi Lokithasan, Sew Kim Low, Chin Choo Yap
Asia-Pacific Social Science Review
The increasing rate of cybervictimization has been documented in various countries, including Malaysia. However, there is a dearth of measurement tools with sound psychometric properties suitable for the Malaysian context. To address this methodological gap, the Malaysia Cybervictimization Scale for Adolescents (MyCVS-A) was developed based on qualitative inputs from adolescents in Malaysia. It was subsequently translated into Malay (MyCVS-A-M) and Chinese (MyCVS-A-C). Two studies were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of these two translated versions. In Study 1, 281 secondary school students completed the MyCVS-A-M, the Malay version of the cybervictimization subscale of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire …
Disruption Of Distal Appendage Protein Cep164 Causes Skeletal Malformation In Mice, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Megumi Kitami, Margaret Li, Sowmya Swaminathan, Radbod Darabi, Ken-Ichi Takemaru, Yoshihiro Komatsu
Disruption Of Distal Appendage Protein Cep164 Causes Skeletal Malformation In Mice, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Megumi Kitami, Margaret Li, Sowmya Swaminathan, Radbod Darabi, Ken-Ichi Takemaru, Yoshihiro Komatsu
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
The primary cilium is a cellular antenna to orchestrate cell growth and differentiation. Deficient or dysfunctional cilia are frequently linked to skeletal abnormalities. Previous research demonstrated that ciliary proteins regulating axoneme elongation are essential for skeletogenesis. However, the role of the ciliary proteins responsible for initiating cilium assembly in skeletal development remains unknown. Here, we investigate the function of centrosomal protein of 164 kDa (CEP164), a key ciliogenesis regulator that localizes at the distal appendages of the mother centriole, during skeletal development in mice. Interestingly, the mesodermal cell-specific Cep164 deletion resulted in severe bone defects and osteoblast-specific deletion of Cep164 …
Saponin Tql1055 Adjuvant-Containing Vaccine Confers Protection Upon Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge In Mice, Mushtaq Ahmed, Eric Farris, Rosemary V Swanson, Shibali Das, Yan Yang, Tyler Martin, Shabaana A Khader
Saponin Tql1055 Adjuvant-Containing Vaccine Confers Protection Upon Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge In Mice, Mushtaq Ahmed, Eric Farris, Rosemary V Swanson, Shibali Das, Yan Yang, Tyler Martin, Shabaana A Khader
2020-Current year OA Pubs
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen
Automated Differentiation Of Wide Qrs Complex Tachycardia Using Qrs Complex Polarity, Adam M May, Bhavesh B Katbamna, Preet A Shaikh, Sarah Lococo, Elena Deych, Ruiwen Zhou, Lei Liu, Krasimira M Mikhova, Rugheed Ghadban, Phillip S Cuculich, Daniel H Cooper, Thomas M Maddox, Peter A Noseworthy, Anthony Kashou
Automated Differentiation Of Wide Qrs Complex Tachycardia Using Qrs Complex Polarity, Adam M May, Bhavesh B Katbamna, Preet A Shaikh, Sarah Lococo, Elena Deych, Ruiwen Zhou, Lei Liu, Krasimira M Mikhova, Rugheed Ghadban, Phillip S Cuculich, Daniel H Cooper, Thomas M Maddox, Peter A Noseworthy, Anthony Kashou
2020-Current year OA Pubs
BACKGROUND: Wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) differentiation into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) remains challenging despite numerous 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria and algorithms. Automated solutions leveraging computerized ECG interpretation (CEI) measurements and engineered features offer practical ways to improve diagnostic accuracy. We propose automated algorithms based on (i) WCT QRS polarity direction (WCT Polarity Code [WCT-PC]) and (ii) QRS polarity shifts between WCT and baseline ECGs (QRS Polarity Shift [QRS-PS]).
METHODS: In a three-part study, we derive and validate machine learning (ML) models-logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), Random Forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), …
A Retrospective Analysis Of The Effects Of Pneumonia And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease On Patient Mortality In Southwest Missouri, Cameron Smith, Monika Ziogaite, Lindsay Doolan-Mattice, Heather Vonhegel, Mariam Akhtar, Nova Beyersdorfer, Kerry Johnson, John Paulson
A Retrospective Analysis Of The Effects Of Pneumonia And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease On Patient Mortality In Southwest Missouri, Cameron Smith, Monika Ziogaite, Lindsay Doolan-Mattice, Heather Vonhegel, Mariam Akhtar, Nova Beyersdorfer, Kerry Johnson, John Paulson
Student Publications
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of COPD and pneumonia on the mortality rates among patients admitted to the Freeman Health System in Southwest Missouri, to provide a better idea of whether there is a correlation between the two and whether the presence of both adds to the mortality rates. Patient data were extracted from electronic medical records, focusing on patients with or without COPD and pneumonia diagnoses. Analyses revealed a statistical difference, with a p-value of <0.0001, in mortality rates between COPD patients with (P1) and without (P3) pneumonia, indicating that pneumonia did have an impact on COPD patients. However, pneumonia patients without COPD (P2) had a higher, but non-statistical difference in mortality rates compared to COPD patients with pneumonia (P1), with a p-value of 0.0806. These findings emphasize the severe influence of pneumonia in both COPD and non-COPD populations in the area, warranting further investigation and emphasizing the importance of timely and appropriate treatment. These results provide insights into the interplay between COPD and pneumonia in the geographic area, which may provide guidance in treatment decisions that may improve patient outcomes.
Tourism Carrying Capacity At Petungkriyono Forest And Its Supporting Areas, Nurwidya Ambarwati
Tourism Carrying Capacity At Petungkriyono Forest And Its Supporting Areas, Nurwidya Ambarwati
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development
Supported by a variety of diversity and landscapes, the development of tourism in the Petungkriyono area is growing rapidly. Optimizing ecotourism services in the Petungkriyono forest without disrupting the ecosystem and damaging the environment can be done by limiting the number of visitors at tourism sites. This study aims to find out information about the tourism capacity of some tourist attractions in the local forest. This study uses the Cifuentes model to predict the maximum number of visitor capacities that can be accommodated in a tourist attraction called Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC), and Effective Carrying Capacity …