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2024

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A Pouring Out Of Words: Das Kapital In Bahasa Indonesia Translation, Ramon Guillermo Dec 2024

A Pouring Out Of Words: Das Kapital In Bahasa Indonesia Translation, Ramon Guillermo

Kritika Kultura

Due to the recent global crises, Karl Marx’s fundamental work, Das Kapital (1867), has seen a resurgent interest. This renewed interest has also resulted in the production of several new translations of this work into various languages. It was quite a coincidence therefore that the first complete translation into Bahasa Indonesia was published as Kapital: Sebuah Kritik Ekonomi Politik in Jakarta by the Hasta Mitra Press in 2004. The translator was Oey Hay Djoen (1929-2008), an activist and former political prisoner on Buru island during the Soeharto Orde Baru regime. According to Oey, he used Ben Fowkes’s English translation for …


Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj Dec 2024

Fidelity In Translating Religious Practice: Illustrations From Filipino Christanity, Jose Mario C. Francisco Sj

Kritika Kultura

What fidelity consists in has always been a central concern in translation studies and practice. This essay first discusses its shifting meaning in relation to the various turns in contemporary translation theory, and their application to the translation of religious practice. It then examines the translation of late medieval post-Reformation Spanish Catholicism into Filipino Christianity through an analysis of its texts and performances. It concludes by revisiting the meaning of fidelity and relates it to root-metaphors for translation in some Philippine languages. Fidelity appears not as the transfer of an unchanging meaning but as the recognition of self within the …


The Undiscovered Country: Shakespeare In Philippine Literatures, Judy Celine Ick Dec 2024

The Undiscovered Country: Shakespeare In Philippine Literatures, Judy Celine Ick

Kritika Kultura

Far from being a corpus of faithful renderings in local languages, Shakespearean translations in and into Philippine literatures participate in the afterlife of Shakespearean texts where Shakespeare is only one among many points of origin. Taking off from the late nineteenth century, the essay covers Shakespearean texts translated into some major Philippine languages—Tagalog, Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, and Bikolano—over the course of the twentieth century. The essay attempts to locate and describe some key qualities of Shakespearean translations in Philippine literatures, account for the shifting nature of authorship in these local practices of translation, and finally gestures towards probing the question of …


Translation And/As Research, Harry Aveling Dec 2024

Translation And/As Research, Harry Aveling

Kritika Kultura

The paper will consider some possible relationships between literary translation and research, the latter briefly defined as “the curiosity-driven production of new knowledge” (Nowotny xix). Two of these relationships are simple: (1) research as a stage in the preparation for the process of translation, and (2) research about the cultural and historical dimensions of already-existing translations. The third is more complex and controversial. The paper further asks: (3) whether the practice of translation is in itself an act of research. The third question raises further considerations about the different types of knowledge to be found in the university, and how …


Turning From The Margins: Discoursing Heidegger At The End Of Life As We Know It, Agustin Martin G. Rodriguez Dec 2024

Turning From The Margins: Discoursing Heidegger At The End Of Life As We Know It, Agustin Martin G. Rodriguez

Kritika Kultura

The essay discusses Heidegger’s almost mystical understanding of the Turning after the era of the forgetfulness of Being and his warning of the danger of Western technology. Critically exploring Heidegger’s conception of this danger, the essay proposes that the danger of Western technology can be creatively engaged by the rationalities that were marginalized by its propagation. The essay shows that the “less developed” nations still comprehend the world according to the rationalities marginalized by the Westernization of the world, and these rationalities bear with them the possibility of bringing the dominant world rationality to a more rational and creative way …


Lexical Creativity In Thai English Fiction, Pairote Bennui, Azirah Hashim Dec 2024

Lexical Creativity In Thai English Fiction, Pairote Bennui, Azirah Hashim

Kritika Kultura

Unlike some varieties of English in Southeast Asia, the notion that there is a ‘Thai English’ is debatable. This paper examines distinctive non-native features of a lexicon found in contemporary Thai writing in English to ascertain if English in this Expanding Circle country is developing its own linguistic norms. An analysis of features of lexical creativity in five short stories and novels is carried out to determine whether the characteristics found indicate that a Thai English vocabulary exists. An ‘integrated framework’ which combines concepts in World Englishes by Braj B, Kachru, Peter Strevens, and Edgar W. Schneider is adopted in …


Kambal Na Disyerto: Ang Kolonyal Na Kanon At Komersyalismo At Ang Panimulang Pagpapaagos Ng Mga Agos Sa Disyerto, Corazon Lalu-Santos Dec 2024

Kambal Na Disyerto: Ang Kolonyal Na Kanon At Komersyalismo At Ang Panimulang Pagpapaagos Ng Mga Agos Sa Disyerto, Corazon Lalu-Santos

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Mis-Education, Translation And The Barkada Of Languages: Reading Renato Constantino With Nick Joaquin, Vicente L. Rafael Dec 2024

Mis-Education, Translation And The Barkada Of Languages: Reading Renato Constantino With Nick Joaquin, Vicente L. Rafael

Kritika Kultura

This paper re-visits the classic piece by Renato Constantino, “The Mis-education of the Filipino” (1959/1966), inquiring into the colonial basis of his anti-colonial critique of American English. It explores the affinity between his view of language and those of American colonial officials, especially around the relationship between English and the vernacular languages. Both conceived of that relationship in terms of a war of and on translation. It then turns to an important but overlooked essay by Nick Joaquin published around the same time as Constantino’s, “The Language of the Streets” (1963). By closely considering Joaquin’s views on “Tagalog slang” as …


On Photography In Late Capitalism: Reflections On The Vicissitudes Of The Image From A Filipino Persepctive, E. San Juan Jr. Dec 2024

On Photography In Late Capitalism: Reflections On The Vicissitudes Of The Image From A Filipino Persepctive, E. San Juan Jr.

Kritika Kultura

Ever since its invention at the outset of industrial capitalism in 19th-century Europe, photography has been used in the service of profit/capital accumulation worldwide. Appearances acquired saleable reality or marketable truth-value. The use of imagery and various forms of reproduction (film, advertising in TV, Internet, malls) subtends the dynamics of exchange-value in fixating human desires attuned to manipulated appearances. Can the critical analysis of photographic images help elucidate the mechanisms of ideology and the illusion industry for an emancipatory project? This essay seeks to enable a hypothetical inquiry into the magic of images with reference to the Philippine milieu, designed …


The Making Of Jose Garcia Villa's Footnote To Youth, Jonathan Chua Dec 2024

The Making Of Jose Garcia Villa's Footnote To Youth, Jonathan Chua

Kritika Kultura

This article recounts the story behind the publication of Villa’s stories and his book Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others (1933) in the United States. First, the conditions of the American literary marketplace are briefly described. Second, documents pertaining to the realization in print of Villa’s stories and his book are analyzed as sites of negotiations between colonial subject (Villa) and the colonial master (his American editors and publishers). Finally, an account of how Villa was made to circulate in the Philippines after the publication of his stories and his book in the United States is given. …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Salvage (Selections), Carl Javier Dec 2024

Salvage (Selections), Carl Javier

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Crónica De Filipinas En La Poesía De Zoilo Hilario, Isaac Donoso Dec 2024

Crónica De Filipinas En La Poesía De Zoilo Hilario, Isaac Donoso

Kritika Kultura

Debido a la fragmentación lingüística, la literatura filipina en español, que había tenido el papel de diseñar el devenir de la nación, fue segregada y olvidada en bibliotecas y tiendas de antigüedades. De ser patrimonio nacional, la literatura filipina en español acabó constituyendo “recuerdos de familia”. Usando como ejemplo la vida y poesía en español de Zoilo Hilario (1892-1963), el presente artículo trata de realizar una crónica de Filipinas en el siglo XX atendiendo al valor estético y político del Modernismo filipino y al conflicto generacional que la intervención norteamericana produjo en el archipiélago. Desde el cenáculo literario «El Jardín …


“Dao”, Martin Villanueva Dec 2024

“Dao”, Martin Villanueva

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Staging The Nation: Claro M. Recto’S Domestic Dramas, Eugenio Matibag Dec 2024

Staging The Nation: Claro M. Recto’S Domestic Dramas, Eugenio Matibag

Kritika Kultura

Near the beginning of a prolific and productive career as a writer and statesman, Claro M. Recto (1890-1960) authored two prize-winning dramas that were performed at the Manila Grand Opera House. Each of the plays—La ruta de Damasco (1913) and Solo entre las sombras (1917)—is a drama that represents the interactions of an ilustrado family in its relationship to the imposition of cultural practices and power structures under American rule. This essay proposes that in these dramas written by an ilustrado and performed for an interpellated ilustrado audience, the ilustrado home stands as a metonym of the nation, its family …


Gods, Monsters, Heroes, And Tricksters In Adelina Gurrea’S Cuentos De Juana, Rosario Cruz-Lucero Dec 2024

Gods, Monsters, Heroes, And Tricksters In Adelina Gurrea’S Cuentos De Juana, Rosario Cruz-Lucero

Kritika Kultura

Gurrea’s Cuentos de Juana (Juana’s Tales) may be read as a palimpsest of the whole of Philippine history, with its indigenous system of thought and knowledge refusing to be erased or overwritten but instead, actively engaging with its colonial history. Colonialism did not so much mean the loss of the people’s teleological world as its dispersion into the Spanish world of significations. Moreover, as a unit of Philippine literary history, Cuentos bridges the gap between Philippine indigenous cosmology (now called “folklore” or even “superstition”) and modern narrative traditions. It thus confirms the continuity of this history, despite the interruptions wrought …


¡Hay Un Caimán!’: Una Aproximación Al Estudio Del Poema A La Laguna De Bay De Fernando Canon, Beatriz Álvarez Tardío Dec 2024

¡Hay Un Caimán!’: Una Aproximación Al Estudio Del Poema A La Laguna De Bay De Fernando Canon, Beatriz Álvarez Tardío

Kritika Kultura

Constancia es la clave para entender la figura de Fernando Canon, quien participó en muchos de los acontecimientos más importantes de la historia de Filipinas entre los siglos XIX y XX: un Ilustrado que luchó en la revolución del Katipunan; que ayudó a Rizal a distribuir su novela Noli me tangere en Filipinas en 1887; que tomó parte en el Congreso de Malolos; que enseñó en la Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura; que fue Secretario del Conservatorio de Música de la Universidad de Filipinas cuando se fundó en 1916 y que escribió y publicó ensayos y poesía. Cuando tenía casi …


Social Capital And The Martial Law Technocracy: The Making And Unmaking Of A Power Elite, Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem Phd Dec 2024

Social Capital And The Martial Law Technocracy: The Making And Unmaking Of A Power Elite, Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem Phd

Kritika Kultura

This paper attempts to show the extent to which a faction of the Philippine technocracy during the martial law years utilized its social capital (used interchangeably with cultural capital) to become a potent economic bloc in society only to see it gradually depleted.Led by then Prime Minister and concurrent Finance Minister Cesar E.A. Virata, this bloc consisted of key senior economic officials who were closely associated with IMF-World Bank policies. Their social capital was founded on their family and educational backgrounds, paving the way for their acquisition of the technical expertise required by the business community and later, by government. …


Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia Dec 2024

Nativism Or Universalism: Situating Lgbt Discourse In The Philippines, J. Neil C. Garcia

Kritika Kultura

Despite or precisely because of the fact that it is being increasingly globally invoked, the LGBT signifier bids us to understand its discursive performances in various localities, particularly in the global south, whose conservative traditions this form of politics most visibly challenges, at the same time that it can only do so translationally—which is to say, as a form of transcultural syncretism. More specifically, this paper offers a postcolonial reading of LGBT discourse in the Philippines, examining the confluence between the discourse of Western “psychospirituality” and the local idiom of interiority (kalooban), as evinced, in particular, in the minoritized identity …


Women Of Will For Nation Building In Pramoedya’S Three Early Novels, Novita Dewi Dec 2024

Women Of Will For Nation Building In Pramoedya’S Three Early Novels, Novita Dewi

Kritika Kultura

Of great interest to Pramoedya’s writing, which is largely neglected, is the presence of ordinary women as supporting characters. This paper discusses the depiction of strong- willed women who embody the desired character that the Indonesian nationalists in the 1950s sought to construct in Pramoedya’s three early novels, i.e. Keluarga Gerilya [The Guerilla Family] (1950), Korupsi [Corruption] (1954), and Sekali Peristiwa di Banten Selatan [Once Upon A Time in South Banten] (1958). Written during the period when nationalism in the country began to crack, the three novels present minor but arresting female characters: these women are able to find their …


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.


Investigating Effective Treatments Of Ocd And Related Disorders In Women, Madeline L. Mccarthy Dec 2024

Investigating Effective Treatments Of Ocd And Related Disorders In Women, Madeline L. Mccarthy

Counselor Education Capstones

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an under-researched mental health disorder, and many studies predominantly include male participants. Therefore, many existing treatments are based on the symptoms and results of male participants. Of the studies targeting women with OCD, much of the reliable research regards pregnancy, hormones, or phases of the menstrual cycle. While these studies have shown connections between OCD symptoms and hormones, particularly regarding pregnancy and the menstrual cycle, there is a lack of general research on effective OCD treatments for women. Additionally, many of the treatment options and medications included in these studies are those discovered through studies with …


The Role Of Mir-34a In Pathological Neovascularization As Seen In Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Jason Colasanti Dec 2024

The Role Of Mir-34a In Pathological Neovascularization As Seen In Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Jason Colasanti

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the elderly, affecting nearly 200 million people worldwide. AMD impacts the macula, which is the small, central area of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision. The exudative (wet) form of late-stage AMD is the most severe, accounting for ninety percent of the legally blind patients with AMD. Wet AMD is characterized by the abnormal growth of blood vessels and fluid leakage beneath the retina known as choroidal neovascularization (CNV), directly resulting in vision loss. While anti-VEGFa targeted therapies have been the gold standard for ameliorating wet AMD …


Multi-Omic Analysis Of Phototrophic Extracellular Electron Uptake In Novel Rhodovulum Spp. Isolated From A Marine Estuary, Emily J. Davenport Dec 2024

Multi-Omic Analysis Of Phototrophic Extracellular Electron Uptake In Novel Rhodovulum Spp. Isolated From A Marine Estuary, Emily J. Davenport

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Microbial metabolisms are incredibly versatile and dynamic, allowing adaptive strategies for growth in even the most limiting environments. For an ever-increasing number of microbes, this includes utilizing soluble or insoluble inorganic mineral species as electron donors, driving geochemical cycles and microbial metabolisms. This metabolic function of transporting electrons derived from the extracellular environment across cell membranes is called extracellular electron uptake (EEU). Within (photo)autotrophs, (p)EEU also sustains CO2 fixation to cell biomass, implicating a potentially fundamental role of microbial carbon cycling in aquatic and soil ecosystems. A model metabolic scheme of pEEU occurring in natural environments is photoferrotrophy, which pairs …


Wool, Cotton, And Silk: The Language Of Fashion In The Works Of Three Modern Japanese Women Writers (1920-1952), Yuning Henares Dec 2024

Wool, Cotton, And Silk: The Language Of Fashion In The Works Of Three Modern Japanese Women Writers (1920-1952), Yuning Henares

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines portrayals of clothes made from wool, cotton and silk in works by three modern Japanese women writers: Hayashi Fumiko, Hasegawa Shigure, and Koizumi Kikue. By analyzing portrayals of clothing and textiles and contextualizing them in modern Japanese society, this dissertation aims to see how women writers used textiles and clothing as motifs in their work, how these textiles and clothing conveyed various aspects of their fictional characters, and how these textiles and clothing represented ideas such as modernity, nostalgia, and imperialism. This dissertation argues that textiles and clothes that are based on wool, silk, and cotton tell …


Unraveling Ancient Andean Camelid Herding Strategies Using Multi-Isotope Analyses, Lucia Diaz Dec 2024

Unraveling Ancient Andean Camelid Herding Strategies Using Multi-Isotope Analyses, Lucia Diaz

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pastoral communities around the globe form herding strategies based on traditional ecological knowledge to make sense of mutualistic human, animal, and environmental interactions. Pastoralists develop culturally specific traditional knowledge systems surrounding animals and environments that shape decision-making in herding practices and resource management strategies during times of crisis and change. To mitigate socio-political and climatic changes, such as conflict or competition over pastures, or flooding and drought, pastoralists convert local ecological knowledge into strategies including animal mobility across varying altitudes, pasture maintenance through irrigation and pasture rotation, and extended kin support for herding and caravanning. Previous archaeological studies have revealed …


Essays In Financial Economics, Won-Chang Choi Dec 2024

Essays In Financial Economics, Won-Chang Choi

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the idea of slow-moving capital and its implications for asset price dynamics and market efficiency. In Chapter 1, I investigate asset price dynamics and market efficiency in a competitive economy where risk-averse arbitrageurs face price impact costs and gradually share hedgers' liquidity risks in segmented markets. The asset spread varies with the level of hedgers' liquidity risks and aggregate arbitrage capital. While the spread increases with hedgers' liquidity risks, its relationship with aggregate arbitrage inventory depends on the relative holding-to-trading costs of arbitrageurs and hedgers. This spread-inventory relationship identifies two distinct arbitrage regimes: “Risk-On” and “Risk-Off.” In …


Https://Faunalytics.Org/What-Vegan-Advocates-Can-Learn-From-The-Social-Spread-Of-Quitting-Smoking/, A. Polanco, J. Anderson, D. Nguyen, J. Winslow, A. Couture Dec 2024

Https://Faunalytics.Org/What-Vegan-Advocates-Can-Learn-From-The-Social-Spread-Of-Quitting-Smoking/, A. Polanco, J. Anderson, D. Nguyen, J. Winslow, A. Couture

Veg*n advocacy

Anyone who has been vegan for a while has likely seen how their diet and lifestyle can influence or spread to those around them. Yet if each vegan was able to create two new vegans, we would have likely seen more significant shifts in the rates of veganism (Our World In Data, 2022) in recent decades. This illustrates the difficulties of understanding social contagion—the process of information (including attitudes or behaviors) spreading throughout a group—especially in relation to veganism. By understanding social contagion better, advocates can improve their diet change outreach, possibly by mastering the art of “vegan contagion.” The …


What Vegan Advocates Can Learn From The Social Spread Of Quitting Smoking, Andrea Polanco, J. Anderson, D. Nguyen, J. Winslow, A. Couture Dec 2024

What Vegan Advocates Can Learn From The Social Spread Of Quitting Smoking, Andrea Polanco, J. Anderson, D. Nguyen, J. Winslow, A. Couture

Diet

Anyone who has been vegan for a while has likely seen how their diet and lifestyle can influence or spread to those around them. Yet if each vegan was able to create two new vegans, we would have likely seen more significant shifts in the rates of veganism (Our World In Data, 2022) in recent decades. This illustrates the difficulties of understanding social contagion—the process of information (including attitudes or behaviors) spreading throughout a group—especially in relation to veganism. By understanding social contagion better, advocates can improve their diet change outreach, possibly by mastering the art of “vegan contagion.” The …