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2024

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Food Transformation Technology In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl And What It Means For Us, Young-Hyun Lee Dec 2024

Food Transformation Technology In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl And What It Means For Us, Young-Hyun Lee

Kritika Kultura

This article argues that a stage in history has come where advanced technology, especially that of genetically engineered foods and animals, is quickening the humankind’s downfall. Bacigalupi represents this well in The Windup Girl, a futuristic novel that looks with great focus at the transformation of food and animals in the twenty-third century. In our own world, climate change is creating urgent food issues. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) technologies, having been initially introduced to overcome dire food shortages, have turned out to have many negative side effects, both in our own world and in the fictional world of The Windup …

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The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim Dec 2024

The Problematic Representations Of The Orient, Women, And Food Transformations In Paolo Bacigalupi's The Windup Girl, Jungyoun Kim

Kritika Kultura

Paolo Bacigalupi’s novel, The Windup Girl, illustrates Bangkok using genetic diseases and plagues. In this work, mass-produced, genetically modified food becomes both a diplomatic weapon and subsistence for survival. Western-based multinational agri-corporations transform food as industrial products, and Bacigalupi in turn illustrates the problems of genetic modification led by global capitalism and multinational corporations. However, his critique of genetic modification and food transformation relies on ethnic and gender stereotyping within an Orientalist frame. While he challenges the practices of corporate capitalism, his representation of Asian cultures and traditions is monolithic and consistently reproductive of Orientalist stereotypes. Also, the politics of …

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Monsters At The End Of Time: Alternate Hierarchies And Ecological Disasters In Alaya Dawn Johnson's Spirit Binders Novels, Anita Harris Satkunananthan Dec 2024

Monsters At The End Of Time: Alternate Hierarchies And Ecological Disasters In Alaya Dawn Johnson's Spirit Binders Novels, Anita Harris Satkunananthan

Kritika Kultura

This paper interrogates the connection between entities that hover in the liminal state between life and death (such as vampires and spirits) and the manner in which these entities relate to Alaya Dawn Johnson’s conjurings of alternate political structures and hierarchies in her Spirit Binders series. Johnson’s alternate hierarchies are compelling primarily because they are both flawed and liminal. These hierarchies contain gateways between life and death, between material reality and spiritual reality. An ecoGothic lens is applied to these texts as they deal with climate-related disasters and the ways in which the texts instigate not just heroism but also …

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Pursuing Imperfection, Forgiveness, And Repentance In Popular Twenty-First Century Malay Television Fiction, Mohd Muzhafar Idrus, Raihanah M. M., Ruzy Suliza Hashim Dec 2024

Pursuing Imperfection, Forgiveness, And Repentance In Popular Twenty-First Century Malay Television Fiction, Mohd Muzhafar Idrus, Raihanah M. M., Ruzy Suliza Hashim

Kritika Kultura

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, popular Malay television fiction has been thriving and gaining popularity. Through staggering online reruns, this sheer popularity broadens the expanse of multifaceted issues. This paper contextualizes popular TV fiction within a space of imperfection, focusing on audience responses to Julia, Adam & Hawa, and About Dhia. Using the lens of democratic habits of mind according to Mezirow: “respect for others, self-respect, willingness to accept responsibility for the common good, willingness to welcome diversity and to approach others with openness,” this paper reveals two of the many emerging themes, namely, forgiveness and repentance, which …

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Literature For The Twenty-First Century: Developing Multimodality And Entrepreneurial Skills Through Literature-Based Assessments, Melissa Shamini Perry Dec 2024

Literature For The Twenty-First Century: Developing Multimodality And Entrepreneurial Skills Through Literature-Based Assessments, Melissa Shamini Perry

Kritika Kultura

Since the twentieth century, the teaching and learning of literature have primarily focused on developing language, communication, and to some extent, critical thinking skills. Literary texts are included in education curricula with the primary intention that they help students develop good listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. As a result, assessments in literary studies have also focused on testing language proficiency such as comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. This has led to the misconception that in the multimodal, digital twenty-first century environment, the study of literature has little to offer beyond language development. This article aims to demonstrate that in addition …

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Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin Dec 2024

Graphic Novels: Understanding How Fifth Graders Read Literary Text Through Eye Movement Analysis, Suriani Mohd Yusof, Zalina Mohd Lazim, Khazriyati Salehuddin, Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin

Kritika Kultura

The use of multimodal texts as a teaching resource is believed to be one of the fundamental requirements in keeping abreast with the rapid evolvement of literacy. This practice is reflected in the teaching of literature at primary schools in Malaysia when graphic novels, an example of a multimodal text, are introduced as one of the contemporary literary texts. The unique combination of language and images to make meaning in new ways is considered to be one of the main attributes why graphic novels are relevant in promoting multimodality in literature learning. Although its benefits are extensively explored, little research …

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The Shifting Frontiers Of Literary Studies In The Twenty-First Century, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry Dec 2024

The Shifting Frontiers Of Literary Studies In The Twenty-First Century, Shanthini Pillai, Melissa Shamini Perry

Kritika Kultura

Traditionally seen as a discipline that was immersed in published narratives, with poetry, drama, short fiction, and novels as the sole determinant corpus, Literary Studies in the twenty-first century has progressed across the latitudes of narrativity, as the notion of text itself has pushed past established boundaries of words on a published page. The page in the contemporary context can be taken to mean the written text, the visual text, the moving text, and the hypertext, to name just a few. The articles in this Forum Kritika present a glimpse into the shifting frontiers in Literary Studies as it presents …

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The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng Dec 2024

The Context And Challenges Of Interdisciplinarity In The Philippines, Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng

Kritika Kultura

The tension between disciplines and interdisciplinary initiatives has been present in different areas around the world. This paper discusses the roots of the tension in the world and in the Philippines, as well as issues and challenges of implementation. It begins with the meaning of discipline and the nuances in the interaction of multiple disciplines, (e.g. multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) and traces and traces the development of disciplines in relation to the development of higher education. While academic departments and programs give life and power to the disciplines, there were pressures to work across disciplines to achieve the underlying goals …

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Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante Dec 2024

Interdisciplinarity From Below, Michael D. Pante

Kritika Kultura

Interdisciplinarity is one of the key catchphrases that define the ongoing educational reform in the Philippines. Through the K-12 basic education curriculum and the revamped tertiary-level general education curriculum, bureaucrats and their partners in the academe seek to equip students with knowledge and skills that will allow them to think and act beyond their chosen field. Such an edge supposedly affords graduates a competitive advantage in a highly globalized labor market. Nonetheless, one must not be carried away by the hype; interdisciplinarity, especially this version imposed from above, still has to be interrogated. For one, lost in the state-directed discourse …

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The Bow And The Lyre: Towards A Healthy Tension Between Disciplinarity And Interdisciplinarity, Remmon E. Barbaza Dec 2024

The Bow And The Lyre: Towards A Healthy Tension Between Disciplinarity And Interdisciplinarity, Remmon E. Barbaza

Kritika Kultura

While interdisciplinary work is something to be encouraged and supported, it can only thrive on the basis of strong disciplinarity. When carried out properly, interdisciplinarity does not diminish or undermine the individual disciplines, but in fact is made possible by vibrant individual disciplines. A healthy tension between disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity must then be sought, calling to mind the Heraclitean ideal of harmony that is produced through the proper tension, say as in the strings of musical instrument, as in the well-known example of the bow and the lyre. Genuine interdisciplinary work does not constrict, but rather helps expand the individual …

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Interdisciplinarity In The Philippine Cinema: Theory, History, And Challenges, Francis C. Sollano, Jose Mari B. Cuartero Dec 2024

Interdisciplinarity In The Philippine Cinema: Theory, History, And Challenges, Francis C. Sollano, Jose Mari B. Cuartero

Kritika Kultura

Forum Kritika on Interdisciplinarity in the Philippine Academia discusses the history of how universities and academics construct their respective notions of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity. Our decision to engage with this development in tertiary education takes off from a historical phase in our educational system. Questions on the character of disciplines have heightened in the last half-century, and this phenomenon does not only emerge out of the critical practice of the people who are part of universities, but the external world of the universities have started to knock on the university doors. Informed by the present situation of our universities and …

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Reinforcing Myths About Women In Philippine Culture: Semiotic Analyses Of The Sexbomb Girls In Eat Bulaga's Laban O Bawi, Trina Leah Mendoza Dec 2024

Reinforcing Myths About Women In Philippine Culture: Semiotic Analyses Of The Sexbomb Girls In Eat Bulaga's Laban O Bawi, Trina Leah Mendoza

Kritika Kultura

Movie and TV stars are an influential part of Philippine society. Not only do they entertain audiences with their television shows or movies, but their private lives and actions are arguably as interesting to the public. Celebrities and stars are admired, idolized, and looked up to by many of their followers, such that their values and actions can greatly influence their fans. However, their images may hold various meanings that are not evident to many people. This study analyzes a group of unconventional stars that changed the landscape of noontime viewing—the Sexbomb Girls—using a semiotic approach. It seeks to reveal …

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The City As Nation: Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila As Nationalist History, Hidde Van Der Wall Dec 2024

The City As Nation: Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila As Nationalist History, Hidde Van Der Wall

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses Nick Joaquin’s Manila, My Manila (1989/1999) as an example of how his historiographical work tends to be more conventional in terms of the nationalism that dominates Philippine historiography, and has a more complex relationship to this discourse than existing analyses tend to suggest. While his veneration of the Spanish colonial period is indeed unconventional, his book leaves the main problem of nationalist discourse untouched as it maintains the essentialist notion of an identifiable national community projected backwards into time. The book fails to capitalize on the potential for disrupting national paradigms that city narratives offer. Rather than …

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The Politics Of Translation In The Creation, Production, And Canon Formation Of Translated Cebuano Literature From The Postwar Period To The Present, Maria Vanessa Estillore-Gabunada Dec 2024

The Politics Of Translation In The Creation, Production, And Canon Formation Of Translated Cebuano Literature From The Postwar Period To The Present, Maria Vanessa Estillore-Gabunada

Kritika Kultura

The status of Cebuano literature in the Philippine literary field has been relegated to a marginalized position due to the outbreak of the Second World War and the implementation of English and Filipino as “Mediums of Instruction.” As a consequence, the development of Cebuano literature was thwarted. However, prominent Cebuano scholars exerted valuable effort to overcome the marginalized status of Cebuano literature through translation. Through translation, Cebuano literature started to be recognized in the Philippine literary field as translation projects of Cebuano literature were published and canonized. This study looks at the politics of translation and how it influences the …

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"The Returning Echoes Of Our Memory": Networks Of Memory And Postcolonial Trauma In Tan Twang Eng's The Gift Of Rain, Vandana Saxena Dec 2024

"The Returning Echoes Of Our Memory": Networks Of Memory And Postcolonial Trauma In Tan Twang Eng's The Gift Of Rain, Vandana Saxena

Kritika Kultura

In the societies forged at the anvil of colonial violence, the stories of the past are a contested territory. For postcolonial writers, literature offers a space to explore the trauma that marks the colonial experience and also to forge connections based on common suffering and loss. Stories and experience, when shared, produce new social relations and understanding to replace the relationships and legacies of the past. This paper explores Tan Twan Eng’s novel, The Gift of Rain, to trace the interlinked legacies of the Second World War and colonialism in Malaysia. As Tan’s characters—all from varied cultural and national backgrounds—meet, …

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Mothering Celebrities: Feminine/Feminist Agency And Subjectivity In The Auto/Biographies Of An Indonesian Female Celebrity, Aquarini Priyatna, Lina Meilinawati Rahayu, Mega Subekti Dec 2024

Mothering Celebrities: Feminine/Feminist Agency And Subjectivity In The Auto/Biographies Of An Indonesian Female Celebrity, Aquarini Priyatna, Lina Meilinawati Rahayu, Mega Subekti

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses motherhood and mothering as portrayed in two auto/biographies of Krisdayanti, a prominent Indonesian female celebrity. Written at two different times and contexts, the first one largely focuses on portraying Krisdayanti in her persona as an Indonesian glamorous celebrity at her peak as it is faithfully observed in her likewise glamorous auto/ biography. The other one, presented in a much simpler book design and more straightforward narration, depicts her more as an ordinary person in her varied roles as a celebrity, a wife, a mother, a daughter, and a sister. The article takes note of the important dynamics …

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Born Of Two Koreas, Of Human Blood: Monstrosity And The Discourse Of Humanity And Pacifism In The Film Bulgasari, Jungman Park Dec 2024

Born Of Two Koreas, Of Human Blood: Monstrosity And The Discourse Of Humanity And Pacifism In The Film Bulgasari, Jungman Park

Kritika Kultura

As in the Western world, Korea has a variety of mythical monsters. Among them is Bulgasari, an iron-eating monster, which will be the main topic of this paper. The monster’s name “Bulgasari” has a paradoxical meaning in Korean, which is “cannot be killed but can be killed by fire.” The meaning of the name represents the wide gamut of ambivalent identity ranging from physical to metaphorical aspects of the monster. It also provides a uniquely Korean reception and interpretation of being monstrous as distinctive from the archetypal imagery and general understanding of monstrosity as “enduring evil,” as seen in most …

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Towards A Practical And Empirically Grounded Account Of Útang-Na-Loób As A Filipino Virtue, Jacklyn A. Cleofas Dec 2024

Towards A Practical And Empirically Grounded Account Of Útang-Na-Loób As A Filipino Virtue, Jacklyn A. Cleofas

Kritika Kultura

Although there are existing philosophical accounts of útang-na-loób (debt of good will) and the suggestion that this Filipino cultural practice can be considered a virtue is not new, questions remain about how morally desirable forms of útang-na-loób can be separated from its problematic involvement in nepotism, patronage politics, life-long servitude, corruption, and other forms of injustice. In this paper, I develop a practical and empirically grounded account of útang-na-loób as a Filipino virtue by using a neo-Aristotelian framework that allows for the incorporation of research from the social sciences into virtue-theoretic recommendations for action. I argue that útang-na-loób must be …

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Divided We Stand: Bewailing Alien-Nation In Esiaba Irobi's Why I Don't Like Philip Larkin, Niyi Akingbe Dec 2024

Divided We Stand: Bewailing Alien-Nation In Esiaba Irobi's Why I Don't Like Philip Larkin, Niyi Akingbe

Kritika Kultura

Genuine euphoria, which accompanied the birth of multi-ethnic Nigeria nation-state in 1960, has been regrettably deflated and more than offset by the onrush of political tension that has ravaged its polity in recent times. Hence, the deforming pressure of inequity in contemporary Nigeria logically stands out as a corollary of political tyranny. From the standpoint of inequity, political marginality ostensibly poses a contentious decoding as it often raises poignant questions in the philosophy of meanings embedded in Esiaba Irobi’s Why I Don’t Like Philip Larkin. In connection to this, the historical referencing of the amalgamation of northern and southern Nigeria …

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Identities In Exile: Re-Membering Identities, Re-Membering The Nation In Laksmi Pamuntjak's Amba, Siti Nuraishah Amad Dec 2024

Identities In Exile: Re-Membering Identities, Re-Membering The Nation In Laksmi Pamuntjak's Amba, Siti Nuraishah Amad

Kritika Kultura

Laksmi Pamuntjak’s first novel, Amba (2012) is one of several contemporary Indonesian novels by the post-1965 generation that breaks the silence on the violent suppression of the Indonesian left in the mid-1960s. Like other recent creative responses and initiatives by Indonesian artists and civil society, Amba represents the “postmemory” of the 1965-66 events. This paper examines the modes of internal exile triggered by 1965 as portrayed in three characters in Amba and how exile disrupts and delays identity formation across different generations of Indonesians—hence, exiled identities. The history of Moluccan exile post-1950 is also crucial to the novel’s representation of …

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Intercultural Theater And The Local Context Of Reception: Lady Macbeth 2016 And The South Korean Presidential Scandal, Seokhun Choi Dec 2024

Intercultural Theater And The Local Context Of Reception: Lady Macbeth 2016 And The South Korean Presidential Scandal, Seokhun Choi

Kritika Kultura

This essay investigates the relationship between intercultural performance and the socio- political context of reception by drawing parallels between Tae-sook Han’s 2016 changguk adaptation of her own Lady Macbeth and the recent presidential scandal of South Korea. The discourse of intercultural performance has focused on directorial vision and the political dynamics between the source and target cultures, while the local context of reception and its impact on the overall meaning of the work have relatively been overlooked, particularly from a diachronic perspective. Lady Macbeth revolves around the court physician’s psychotherapy sessions for the eponymous heroine, who is haunted by the …

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Drawing Spaniards In The Philippines: Displacement, Brutalization, And The Dissident Eye Of Ignacio Del Villar, Rocío Ortuño Casanova Dec 2024

Drawing Spaniards In The Philippines: Displacement, Brutalization, And The Dissident Eye Of Ignacio Del Villar, Rocío Ortuño Casanova

Kritika Kultura

This article explores the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and their colonial culture and society as portrayed in the comic strips by Ignacio del Villar, a Spanish cartoonist who drew for Philippine colonial magazines in Spanish. His pictures, whose principal audience was the Spanish-speaking community of Manila in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, satirize the alienation of the Western individual in the Philippines. His mockery of the generalized colonial attitude of “monarch of all I survey” links del Villar with dissident colonial accounts, as discussed by Mary Louise Pratt in Imperial Eyes. This article inquires on the reasons …

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The Concept Of Filial Piety In East Asian Confucian Culture From The Perspective Of Gadamer And Habermas, Donghyun Kim Dec 2024

The Concept Of Filial Piety In East Asian Confucian Culture From The Perspective Of Gadamer And Habermas, Donghyun Kim

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines the role of filial piety in East Asian Confucian societies as a means of drawing out political implications by showing two different standpoints elaborated by Gadamer and Habermas. The two thinkers seem to display different outlooks on the notion of filial piety in the East Asian Confucian culture: Whereas Gadamer appears to approve the practice of filial piety as keeping tradition in the specific societies, i.e., Confucian East Asian culture, Habermas rejects it by refusing the concept of tradition. The debate primarily originates from two different—though both “Western”—philosophical traditions. Gadamer endorses tradition since all human beings are …

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Front Matter, Kritika Kultura Dec 2024

Front Matter, Kritika Kultura

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Charting The Catalog Of Calubayan’S Biowork, Carlomar Arcangel Daoana Dec 2024

Charting The Catalog Of Calubayan’S Biowork, Carlomar Arcangel Daoana

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Radical Takes On The Retrospective Impulse, Lisa Ito Dec 2024

Radical Takes On The Retrospective Impulse, Lisa Ito

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

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Out And About: Migrant Bakla, Perverse Intimacies, And The Musical Of Migration In Liza Magtoto’S Care Divas, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr. Dec 2024

Out And About: Migrant Bakla, Perverse Intimacies, And The Musical Of Migration In Liza Magtoto’S Care Divas, Oscar Tantoco Serquiña Jr.

Kritika Kultura

The essay analyzes the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA)’s stage musical, Care Divas, for its figuration of the Filipino migrant worker as bakla and for its consequent queering of labor out-migration from the Philippines. It problematizes the notion of “perverse intimacy,” particularly through the play’s employment of gay language and performance as agentive practices of survival in the diaspora. Finally, it interrogates the play’s aestheticization of kabaklaan and migrant work through a musical drama-comedy format, which deploys song and dance, as well as laughter and sentimentality, in order to make a spectacle out of the foibles of migrant bakla, to …

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From Stage To Screen: Early Filmmaking Of Indigenous Performers In Highland Central Java, Tito Imanda Dec 2024

From Stage To Screen: Early Filmmaking Of Indigenous Performers In Highland Central Java, Tito Imanda

Kritika Kultura

This paper is based on an empirical study that explores issues around the process of a traditional performance art group in a village in highland Central Java adapting to film production. Wayang orang—or loosely translated human puppet—is a traditional opera-like performance rooted in Central and East Java, Indonesia. As part of a traditional society living in a rural area, members of the group discuss their productions mostly without written documents. Storylines were experienced through performing and watching different shows. Technical skills were built through lifelong intimate practices. The project explores a general explorative question: how does a traditional oral and …

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“Komedi Within Komedi”: Moving Pictures And Intermedial Crossings In Turn-Of-The-Century Colonial Indonesia, Dafna Ruppin Dec 2024

“Komedi Within Komedi”: Moving Pictures And Intermedial Crossings In Turn-Of-The-Century Colonial Indonesia, Dafna Ruppin

Kritika Kultura

In the past thirty years studies of early cinema, mostly focusing on the history of film production and exhibition in the West, have been preoccupied with examining the emergence of moving images within their intermedial sphere. The case of moving picture exhibition and consumption in turn-of-the-century colonial Indonesia, with its rich selection of itinerant indigenous and Western amusements on offer, thus presents an especially intriguing case. This article situates itself within this transnational stream of commercial entertainments, known in Malay by the generic term komedi. In the process, it examines stories adapted across different media and cultural contexts, which were …

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Republishing Folktales: Their Audiences, Readers, And Influences In Modern Indonesian Literature, Sudarmoko Sudarmoko Dec 2024

Republishing Folktales: Their Audiences, Readers, And Influences In Modern Indonesian Literature, Sudarmoko Sudarmoko

Kritika Kultura

This paper presents an exploration of the republishing of traditional stories or folktales, most of which are traditionally oral, into printed form. This republishing activity has resulted in some changes in the stories, including the narrative’s structure as well as writers’ interpretation of the stories. As such, this paper also explains other domains that are also potentially affected by this activity. The narrative of the stories, the profile of the audience and reader, and the use of different media, particularly in the area of contemporary publishing and writing, development in Indonesia, comprise these domains. Furthermore, this paper investigates the republication …

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