Digital Commons Network^™

Gendered Violence And Sexualized Representations In Video Games: (Lack Of) Effect On Gender-Related Attitudes, Liam Cross, Linda K. Kaye, Juris Savostijanovs, Neil Mclatchie, Matthew Johnston, Liam Whiteman, Robyn Mooney, Gray Atherton

School of Psychology

This research explored how gender portrayals in video games affect gender-related attitudes. Two hundred participants from the United Kingdom and Malaysia participated across three experiments, where the appearance and behaviour of video game characters were manipulated with regard to target (enemy) gender (Study 1), sexually explicit attire (Study 2) and level of character agency (Study 3). We found minimal evidence that exposure to gender-stereotyped content resulted in differential gender-related attitudes (implicit associations, hostile and benevolent sexism, or rape myth acceptance). However, Study 1 findings showed that individuals who played a first-person shooter with male enemies showed lower endorsement of some …

Reward Count(S): Negative Recency In Probabilistic Experience-Based Learning, Andy Wills, René Schlegelmilch, Bettina Von Helversen

School of Psychology

Learning how to make decisions from experience is often studied using probabilistic outcome prediction or choice tasks, asin conditioning, reward learning, or risky gambles (e.g., response A provides reward in 75% of the cases, response B in25% over repeated trials with feedback). One debated phenomenon in such tasks is that of negative recency, describingthat learners expect the rare event after observing a streak ofcommon events (e.g., Gamblers fallacy). Here, we show thatthis behavior, despite instructing participants to use a visualstimulus, also occurs in probabilistic single-cue conditioningtraining, where participants predicted whether digging at a specific location on a plane (visual cue) …

Association Of Life History Strategy And Mate Retention Behavior In Men And Women, Sepide Pazhouhi, Ray Garza, Farid Pazhoohi

School of Psychology

From an evolutionary perspective, both men and women use a variety of guarding tactics to keep their romantic partners in the relationship. For men, these benefits increase paternity certainty, while for women, they guarantee male investment in the woman and her children. The current research aimed to explore the association between life history strategy (LHS) and mate retention behaviors in men and women from Iran and the UK. We hypothesized that individuals with a slower life history strategy will show a positive association with benefit-provisioning mate retention (e.g., gift-giving, affection), and a negative association with cost-inflicting mate retention (e.g., emotional …

Early-Phase Neuroplasticity Induced By Offline Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation In Primates, Nadège Bault, Siti N. Yaakub, Elsa Fouragnan

School of Psychology

The use of ‘offline’ transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) protocols is of particular interest in the rapidly growing field of low-intensity TUS. Offline TUS can modulate neural activity up to several hours after stimulation, suggesting the induction of early-phase neuroplasticity. Studies in both humans and nonhuman primates have shown spatially specific changes in both the neuromodulation target and in a distributed network of regions associated with it. These changes suggest that excitatory or inhibitory effects are a result of a complex interaction between the protocol used and the underlying brain region and state. Understanding how early-phase neuroplasticity is induced by offline …

“We’Ve All Come Together”: A Board Game Intervention For Children And Adults With Autism And Other Developmental Disabilities, Gray Atherton, Emily Dawson, Liam Cross

School of Psychology

The authors discuss how board games offer individuals with autism (whooften struggle with social settings and require structured outlets for building relationships) an affordable, naturalistic, collaborative environmentthat is stimulating, engaging, and educational. Board games, they assert,provide opportunities to practice social skills, including cooperation andsocial deduction, essential skills for both neurotypical and atypical people.The authors include recommendations for introducing board games intospecial educational settings. K

Everyday Places To Get Away – Lessons Learned From Covid-19 Lockdowns, B. Gatersleben, Emma V. White, K.J. Wyles, S.E. Golding, G. Murrell, C. Scarles, T. Xu, B.F.T. Brockett, C. Willis

School of Psychology

Being able to get away from everyday stressors and demands, even if close to home and just for a few minutes, is important for wellbeing. During the Covid-19 lockdown periods, people's ability to get away changed significantly. An increase in visits to nearby natural places is well documented. Little is known about other types of places people visited to get away. An online UK survey was conducted in 2020 (N = 850) investigating what places people visited to get away during the pandemic, what they did in those places, how place and activity choices were related to each other and …

Addressing Digital Exclusion Via The Inter-Generational Codesign Of Extended Reality, Underwater Telepresence, Social Games, And Voice Ai Technologies, Ray Jones, Rory Baxter, Marius Varga, Oksana Hagen, Amir Aly, Dena Bazazian, Alejandro Veliz Reyes, Swen Gaudl

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Addressing Digital Exclusion via the Inter-Generational Codesign of Extended Reality, Underwater Telepresence, Social Games, and Voice AI Technologies

Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity: A Study Across 28 Countries, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Piotr Sorokowski, Maciej Karwowski, S. Craig Roberts, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Kelly Asao, Chiemezie S. Atama, Derya Atamtürk Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Aicha Bensafia, Anna Bertoni, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, David M. Buss, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Daniel Conroy-Beam, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Ilona Croy, Rosa María Cueto, Marta Czerwonka, Marcin Czub, Silvia Donato, Daria Dronova

School of Psychology

Previous studies have found a negative relationship between creativity and conservatism. However, as these studies were mostly conducted on samples of homogeneous nationality, the generalizability of the effect across different cultures is unknown. We addressed this gap by conducting a study in 28 countries. Based on the notion that attitudes can be shaped by both environmental and ecological factors, we hypothesized that parasite stress can also affect creativity and thus, its potential effects should be controlled for. The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as expected, conservatism was a significant predictor of lower creativity, adjusting for economic status, age, sex, …

Tackling Loneliness Together: A Three-Tier Social Identity Framework For Social Prescribing, S. Alexander Haslam, Catherine Haslam, Tegan Cruwys, Leah S. Sharman, Shaun Hayes, Zoe Walter, Jolanda Jetten, Niklas K. Steffens, Magnolia Cardona, Crystal J. La Rue, Niamh Mcnamara, Blerina Këllezi, Juliet R.H. Wakefield, Clifford Stevenson, Mhairi Bowe, Peter Mcevoy, Alysia M. Robertson, Mark Tarrant, Genevieve Dingle, Tarli Young

School of Psychology

In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the threats to health posed by loneliness. One of the main strategies that has been recommended to address this is social prescribing (SP). This typically involves general practitioners (GPs) and other health practitioners directing clients who are experiencing loneliness and related conditions to take part in social activities—typically in recreational and community contexts. However, evidence for the effectiveness of SP is mixed—leading some to suggest that enthusiasm for it might be misplaced. In this review, we argue that a core problem with most existing approaches to SP is that they lack …

One Hundred Years Of Eeg For Brain And Behaviour Research, Faisal Mushtaq, Dominik Welke, Anne Gallagher, Yuri G Pavlov, Layla Kouara, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Jasper J F Van Den Bosch, Mahnaz Arvaneh, Amy R Bland, Maximilien Chaumon, Cornelius Borck, Xun He, Steven J Luck, Maro G Machizawa, Cyril Pernet, Aina Puce, Sidney J Segalowitz, Christine Rogers, Muhammad Awais, Claudio Babiloni, Neil W Bailey, Sylvain Baillet, Robert C A Bendall, Daniel Brady, Maria L Bringas-Vega, Niko A Busch, Ana Calzada-Reyes, Armand Chatard, Peter E Clayson, Michael X Cohen

School of Psychology

On the centenary of the first human EEG recording, more than 500 experts reflect on the impact that this discovery has had on our understanding of the brain and behaviour. We document their priorities and call for collective action focusing on validity, democratization and responsibility to realize the potential of EEG in science and society over the next 100 years.

Protecting The Mental Health Of People Seeking Sanctuary In The Uk's Evolving Legislative Landscape, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

The Policy And Politics Of Healthcare Corporatisation: The Case Of The English Nhs, Rod Sheaff, Pauline Allen, Mark Exworthy, Russell Mannion

Peninsula Medical School

Rationale: Few accounts of healthcare corporatisation examine the effects of the 2008 financial crisis. New Politics of the Welfare State (NPWS) theories recognise the relevance of crises but give more attention to programmatic than systemic (structural) retrenchment, and little to healthcare corporatisation. Objective: To examine what changes the 2008 financial crisis produced in the pattern of healthcare corporatisation, and the implications for NPWS theories. Methods: Using administrative data from the English NHS during 1995–2019 we formulated a multi-dimensional index of corporatisation, tested its validity, and used it to analyse longitudinally how the financial crisis affected the balance between the responsibilization …

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Physical Activity In People With Dementia: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study, Nicolas Farina, Uzma Niazi, Riona Mc Ardle, Johanna Eronen, Ruth Lowry, Sube Banerjee

Peninsula Medical School

Objectives: To understand how psychosocial factors associated with physical activity differ based on disease severity in people with dementia, and how these factors are associated with physical activity participation. Methods: Eighty-seven people with dementia, alongside their family carer were asked to complete a series of questions related to physical activity participation, including barriers, motivators, and facilitators. Regression models were developed to understand how psychosocial factors were associated with physical activity participation in the cohort. Results: In the final models, only the absence of intrapersonal barriers was associated with overall physical activity and regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Feelings of relatedness were …

Integrating Christian Beliefs And Scientific Psychology: Honoring John Carter, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

John Carter had a profound role in shaping the thinking of generations of students and scholars in our understanding of the relationship of Christian beliefs and modern psychol- ogy. That Carter and Narramore’s (1979) volume remains in print and in use after more than four decades is a testimony to that influence. Here, I briefly explore the ways of knowing in general and elaborate on scientific knowing as a unique and powerful approach to appre- hending what our senses and instruments reveal. Scientific knowing is premised on several essential assumptions, employs a time-tested array of strategies to systematically gath- er …

Light Up Or Burn Out: Self-Care Strategies For Those Who Serve The Suffering, Emily Hervey

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This book is made to first help leaders and caregivers understand the risks of negative responses to stress, trauma, and burnout prevention. Understanding the needs of those facing crises and trauma is an initial step toward offering effective care. Assessment tools are included to help identify some of those needs and vulnerabilities, both for the caregiver and the people being served.

The second component is discovering strategic ways to maximize resources, including promoting resilience and enhancing care for oneself and others on physical, emotional, and spiritual levels. The same principles of care we use for our own wellbeing can be …

Nature-Based Approaches: A Mixed Methods Study Of Facilitators And Barriers To Implementation In Camhs, Siobhan B. Mitchell, Beth Chapman, Rachel Hayes, Hélène Bonnici, Hazel Banks, Silvana Mareva, Rebecca Hardwick

Peninsula Medical School

Background: There is growing evidence that spending time with or in nature can be beneficial for health and wellbeing. Emerging evidence suggests potential benefits for staff and service users in healthcare settings, yet little is known about how to put Nature-based approaches (NBAs) into practice within the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) setting. The CAMHS Goes Wild project in Southwest England aimed to explore the implementation of NBAs within CAMHS, examining staff attitudes and understanding to identify potential benefits and challenges through a mixed methods study. Methods: The study involved three phases of data collection: an online survey …

Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Use And Change In Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review, Mohsan Subhani, Ashwin Dhanda, James A. King, Fiona C. Warren, Siobhan Creanor, Melanie J. Davies, Sally Eldeghaidy, Stephen Bawden, Penny A. Gowland, Ramon Bataller, Justin Greenwood, Stephen Kaar, Neeraj Bhala, Guruprasad P. Aithal

Peninsula Medical School

Background: Despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioural interventions, alcohol-related mortality is rising. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (GLP-1 RAs) and alcohol consumption. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, clintrials.gov, and ProQuest until the end of March 2024. An updated search was done on 7th of August 2024. The primary outcome was to explore the association between GLP-1 RAs use and change in alcohol consumption. Secondary outcomes included evaluating the impact of GLP-1 RAs on occurrences of alcohol-related events, healthcare utilisation, …

Which Components Of Behavioral Weight Management Programs Are Essential For Weight Loss In People Living With Obesity? A Rapid Review Of Systematic Reviews, The Progroup Programme Team, Lily K. Hawkins, Lorna Burns, Dawn Swancutt, Shokraneh Moghadam, Jonathan Pinkney, Mark Tarrant

Peninsula Medical School

The optimal treatment and organization of care for people with obesity is one of the greatest challenges facing today's health services. While surgery and pharmacotherapy offer effective treatment options for some people with obesity, behavioral interventions are important to support long-term behavioral change. However, little is known about the most effective components of behavioral interventions, and this is especially the case for people with complex or severe obesity (i.e. body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg/m²). Accordingly, the current rapid review aimed to identify which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective for weight loss in adults with (severe) obesity. …

Flow Regimes In Bubble Columns With And Without Internals: A Review, Ayat N. Mahmood, Amer A. Abdulrahman, Laith S. Sabri, Abbas J. Sultan, Hasan Shakir Majdi, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hydrodynamics characterization in terms of flow regime behavior is a crucial task to enhance the design of bubble column reactors and scaling up related methodologies. This review presents recent studies on the typical flow regimes established in bubble columns. Some effort is also provided to introduce relevant definitions pertaining to this field, namely, that of "void fraction" and related (local, chordal, cross-sectional and volumetric) variants. Experimental studies involving different parameters that affect design and operating conditions are also discussed in detail. In the second part of the review, the attention is shifted to cases with internals of various types (perforated …

European Society Of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines On End Of Life And Palliative Care In The Intensive Care Unit, Jozef Kesecioglu, Katerina Rusinova, Daniela Alampi, Yaseen M. Arabi, Julie Benbenishty, Dominique Benoit, Carole Boulanger, Maurizio Cecconi, Christopher Cox, Marjel Van Dam, Diederik Van Dijk, James Downar, Nikolas Efstathiou, Ruth Endacott, Alessandro Galazzi, Fiona Van Gelder, Rik T. Gerritsen, Armand Girbes, Laura Hawyrluck, Margaret Herridge, Jan Hudec, Nancy Kentish-Barnes, Monika Kerckhoffs, Jos M. Latour, Jan Malaska, Annachiara Marra, Stephanie Meddick-Dyson, Spyridon Mentzelopoulos, Mervyn Mer, Victoria Metaxa

School of Nursing and Midwifery

The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) has developed evidence-based recommendations and expert opinions about end-of-life (EoL) and palliative care for critically ill adults to optimize patient-centered care, improving outcomes of relatives, and supporting intensive care unit (ICU) staff in delivering compassionate and effective EoL and palliative care. An international multi-disciplinary panel of clinical experts, a methodologist, and representatives of patients and families examined key domains, including variability across countries, decision-making, palliative-care integration, communication, family-centered care, and conflict management. Eight evidence-based recommendations (6 of low level of evidence and 2 of high level of evidence) and 19 expert opinions …

How And When Post Intensive Care Syndrome-Family Is Measured: A Scoping Review, Kati Hayes, Sam Harding, Bronagh Blackwood, Jos M. Latour

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Objectives: Family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients can experience mental health difficulties. These are collectively described as Post Intensive Care Syndrome-Family (PICS-F). There are no standardised outcome measures to benchmark the impact of PICS-F. This scoping review aimed to map and characterise interventions, outcomes, and outcome instruments related to PICS-F. Methods: Eight databases were searched in June 2023: Pubmed, CINAHL, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, AMED, Emcare and Cochrane. The grey literature was also searched. Studies published after 2012 related to PICS-F were included. Search strategy included: (Population) family members of adult ICU patients, (Concept) PICS-F, (Context) ICU settings. …

Do I Sound Anxious? Emotional Arousal Is Linked To Changes In Vocalisations In Domestic Chicks (Gallus Gallus Dom.), Sarah A. Collins, Katherine Herborn, Kenneth J. Sufka, Lucy Asher, Ben Brilot

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

A major goal in animal welfare science is the development of methods that quantify or ‘read-out’ current affective states in freely behaving animals. In mammalian models, changes in acoustic parameters within vocalisations have been linked to differences in emotional arousal, although there are very few studies showing changes in vocalisations that act as indicators of valence (positive or negative affect). Currently, there are very few studies on vocal indicators of emotion in birds. To determine the link between acoustic parameters within vocalisations and emotion in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus dom.), we used a well-validated paradigm that purports to elicit two …

“Just Holding That Space”: Using Culturally Relevant Pedagogy To Create Counterspaces For Black College Students In Aanapisi/Hsi Classrooms, Nicholas B. Lacy, Yea-Wen Chen, Damariyé L. Smith

Journal of Communication Pedagogy

Black college students continue to face the specter of anti-Blackness which creates additional barriers to success and flourishing in higher education. This study investigates how instructors in higher education can provide racial equity to Black students in AANAPISI/HSI classrooms through counterspaces. We use culturally relevant pedagogy to investigate the experiences of 21 Black college students at an AANAPISI/HSI to understand better how higher education instructors can utilize counterspaces, places where Black college students can challenge dominant discourses and create a collegial learning environment. We identified three counterspace themes: (1) Mitigate Eurocentric Pedagogy, (2) Employ Black and Critical Scholarship, and (3) …

Post-Truth's Effect On The Brain And The Future Self: A Critical Communication Pedagogy Response, David H. Kahl Jr.

Journal of Communication Pedagogy

The university was created for the critical examination of ideas to seek truth. However, the proliferation of post-truth messages has made this goal more difficult to reach, creating an important communication pedagogy problem. Hegemonic forces create post-truth messages to mislead people and play to their existing beliefs in order to maintain and advance power. Post-truth messages are particularly effective because they cause cognitive overload and temporal discounting. Critical communication pedagogy (CCP) is a means by which instructors and students can evaluate post-truth messages. CCP allows for dialogue to reduce the cognitive issues that post-truth messages cause and allow for the …

Maintaining The Complex Personal And Professional Elements Of Our Lives In Academe, Sydney E. Brammer, Ryan J. Martinez, Narissra M. Punyanunt-Carter

Journal of Communication Pedagogy

This reflective essay offers several practical suggestions for scholars and professionals who are looking for ways to sustain abundant personal and professional lives in a discipline that encourages workaholic tendencies and requires many to engage in hybrid working arrangements. We discuss the tensions experienced by many communication teacher-scholars in academe and how various types of boundaries can aid in the maintenance of rest and work.