Digital Commons Network^™

Particle Accelerator Spin-Transparent Storage Rings For Beyond State-Of-The-Art Science, R. Suleiman, Y. Derbenev, M. Grau, V. Morozov

Physics Faculty Publications

We will describe spin-transparent storage rings that exhibit spin-coherence times of several hours and store a large number of particles and their use in novel applications. For example, these rings can be used to directly measure the electric dipole moment of the electron, relevant to CP violation and matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, and to search for dark energy and ultra-light dark matter*. These rings can also serve as a compelling platform for quantum computing. In this presentation, we will describe how spin-transparent rings can be used in conjunction with ion traps to enhance scalability and increase quantum coherence times …

Comparison Of Enhanced And Standard Data Sheets On Treatment Fidelity And Data Collection For Tact Training, Mary Halbur, Jessi Reidy, Tiffany Kodak, Landon Scott Cowan, Michael Harman

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Specifically designed data sheets have been recommended to assist with the fidelity of implementation of treatment procedures. The present study extended previous research (e.g., Bottini et al. Behavior Analysis: Research & Practice 21(2), 140–152, 2021; LeBlanc et al. Behavior Analysis in Practice 13(1), 53–62, 2020) by comparing an enhanced data sheet (i.e., the inclusion of randomized targets, prompts for treatment components of securing attending and reinforcement) to a standard data sheet (i.e., targets not preset, no prompts for treatment components) on the fidelity of tact training of features. Ten behavior therapists participated in each condition (n = …

Editorial: Insights In Neurocognitive Aging And Behavior: 2022, Kristy A. Nielson, Annalena Venneri, Shin Murakami

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease Alters Perceived Executive Dysfunction In Cognitively Healthy Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Sarah A. Evans, Elizabeth R. Paitel, Riya Bhasin, Kristy A. Nielson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) may be an early indicator of future cognitive decline. However, findings comparing SCC and objective cognitive performance have varied, particularly in the memory domain. Even less well established is the relationship between subjective and objective complaints in non-amnestic domains, such as in executive functioning, despite evidence indicating very early changes in these domains. Moreover, particularly early changes in both amnestic and non-amnestic domains are apparent in those carrying the Apolipoprotein-E ɛ4 allele, a primary genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

This study investigated the role of the ɛ4 allele in the consistency between subjective …

Sexual Minority Behavioral Health Outcomes: The Role Of Identity Authenticity And Self-Regulation., Zane B. Ballard, Debra L. Oswald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Smaller Total And Subregional Cerebellar Volumes In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Mega-Analysis By The Enigma-Pgc Ptsd Workgroup, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to …

Team Situation Awareness, Cohesion, And Autonomic Synchrony, Stephen J. Guastello, Cooper Bednarczyk, Ryan Hagan, Camerhon Johnson, Laura Marscisek, Laura M. Mcguigan, Anthony F. Peressini

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

This study evaluated the causal relationships among situation awareness (SA), cohesion, and autonomic synchrony (SE) within teams. SA is often a team effort and should be more accurate in better-functioning teams.

Background

Cohesive teams perform better overall, although the relationship appears reciprocal; the relationship to SA has not been considered previously. SEis a collective neurocognitive activity that has been connected to team coordination, communication, and performance in some circumstances.

Method

In this experiment, 71 undergraduates, organized into 16 teams, played two matches of a first-person shooter computer game and completed self-report measures of cohesion …

Listening To Families: Qualitative Analysis Of Family Perspectives On The Impact Of Participating In A Complex Care Program, Jessica L. Schnell, Astrida S. Kaugars, Sarah Johaningsmeir, Sara K. Quates, K. Jane Lee

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Complex Care Programs (CCPs) provide care for children with medical complexity (CMC). The broad impact of CCP participation on families is unknown. This study sought to elucidate what families value about participation in a CCP and what additional benefit families hope CCPs will provide.

Methods

Surveys from families of CMC in a CCP were collected over the course of two years. Responses were summarized for two fixed response satisfaction questions. Qualitative responses to two open-ended questions exploring CCP value were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

Most families (95% and 97%) were somewhat or very satisfied with the CCP. All …

Exploring The Association Between Structural Racism And Mental Health: Geospatial And Machine Learning Analysis, Fahimeh Mohebbi, Amir Masoud Forati, Lucas Torres, Terri A. Deroon-Cassini, Jennifer Harris, Carissa W. Tomas, John R. Mantsch, Rina Ghose

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

Structural racism produces mental health disparities. While studies have examined the impact of individual factors such as poverty and education, the collective contribution of these elements, as manifestations of structural racism, has been less explored. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, with its racial and socioeconomic diversity, provides a unique context for this multifactorial investigation.

Objective:

This research aimed to delineate the association between structural racism and mental health disparities in Milwaukee County, using a combination of geospatial and deep learning techniques. We used secondary data sets where all data were aggregated and anonymized before being released by federal agencies.

Methods:

We …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On U.S. Latinx Mental Health: A Validation Of The Epidemic–Pandemic Impacts Inventory (Epii) Scale., Lucas Torres, Cristalís Capielo Rosario, Fiorella L. Carlos Chavez

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Known and emerging data continue to document the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on traditionally marginalized communities living in the United States, particularly Latinx. However, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, no validated measures were available to assess how this health crisis affected Latinx communities. The present study sought to assess the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Latinx adults living in the United States (N = 2,300). Because Latinx are a heterogeneous group, we employed a person-centered approach to evaluate potential differences across negative COVID-19 pandemic impact indicators using the Epidemic–Pandemic Impacts Inventory …

A Scoping Review On Mobile Health Technology For Assessment And Intervention Of Upper Limb Motor Function In Children With Motor Impairments, Md Raihan Mia, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, Alissa V. Fial, Samuel Nemanich

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Upper limb (UL) motor dysfunctions impact residual movement in hands/shoulders and limit participation in play, sports, and leisure activities. Clinical and laboratory assessments of UL movement can be time-intensive, subjective, and/or require specialized equipment and may not optimally capture a child's motor abilities. The restrictions to in-person research experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic have inspired investigators to design inclusive at-home studies with child participants and their families. Relying on the ubiquity of mobile devices, mobile health (mHealth) applications offer solutions for various clinical and research problems. This scoping review article aimed to aggregate and synthesize existing research that used health …

Remember The Human: A Systematic Review Of Ethical Considerations In Reddit Research, Casey Fiesler, Michael Zimmer, Nicholas Proferes, Sarah A. Gilbert, Naiyan Jones

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Reddit is one of the world's most prominent social media platforms, and also a valuable source of data for internet researchers. However, working with this kind of data also presents novel ethical complications for researchers, including issues around privacy, vulnerable populations, and unintended consequences. This paper describes an analysis of 134 papers that rely on Reddit data while also including some discussion of ethical implications and/or considerations by the researchers. Our analysis of these papers reveals common ethical issues and ethically motivated methodological decisions, as described by the researchers themselves, while also exposing some gaps for further ethical contemplation for …

Voiceattack: Fingerprinting Voice Command On Vpn-Protected Smart Home Speakers, Xiaoguang Guo, Keyang Yu, Qi Li, Dong Chen

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Recently, there are growing security and privacy concerns regarding smart voice speakers, such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home. Extensive prior research has shown that it is surprisingly easy to infer Amazon Alexa voice commands over their network traffic data. To prevent these traffic analytics (TA)-based inference attacks, smart home owners are considering deploying virtual private networks (VPNs) to safeguard their smart speakers. In this work, we design a new machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-powered attack framework---VoiceAttack that could still accurately fingerprint voice commands on VPN-encrypted voice speaker network traffic. We evaluate VoiceAttack under 5 different real-world settings …

Improving Neuropathological Analysis With Aβgan: Addressing Morphology Imbalance For Efficient Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis, Sujatha Alla, Prasanthi Chidipudi, Nagesh Bheesetty, Vedvikash Reddy Velur, Joshit Mohanty, Puneeth Bheesetty, Marisha Jmukhadze, Narendra Lakshmana Gowda, Sai Gireesh Komaragiri

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Histopathologists are experiencing a digital revolution in their field thanks to the digitization of Whole Slide Images (WSIs), which are microscope slides of tissue that can measure gigapixels in size. With so much high resolution data at their disposal, computer vision techniques can now be used to automate laboratory processes, create visual standards, and increase analysis throughput, all of which reduce the workload of pathologists [1]. The "gold" standard in neuropathology, particularly for Alzheimer's Disease- is pathological diagnosis made by looking at White Matter Inclusions (WSIs) in brain tissue. Semi-quantitative scoring in accordance with the standards established by the Consortium …

Student Attitudes And Intentions To Use Continuous Authentication Methods Applied To Mitigate Impersonation Attacks During E-Assessments, Andrea E. Green

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

No solution can ultimately eliminate cheating in online courses. However, universities reserve funding for authentication systems to minimize the threat of cheating in online courses. Most higher education institutions use a combination of authentication methods to secure systems against impersonation attacks during online examinations. Authentication technologies ensure that an online course is protected from impersonation attacks. However, it is important that authentication methods secure systems against impersonation attacks with minimal disruption during an examination. Authentication methods applied to secure e-assessments against impersonation attacks may impact a student’s attitude and intentions to use the e-examination system.

In this regard, the research …

Assessing Organizational Investments In Cybersecurity And Financial Performance Before And After Data Breach Incidents Of Cloud Saas Platforms, Munther B. Ghazawneh

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Prior research indicated that providing inappropriate investment in organizations for Information Technology (IT) security makes these organizations suffer from IT security issues that may cause data breach incidents. Data breaches in cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms lead to the disclosure of sensitive information, which causes disruption of services, damage to the organizational image, or financial losses. Massive data breaches still exist in cloud SaaS platforms which result in data leaks and data theft of customers in organizations.

IT security risks and vulnerabilities cost organizations millions of dollars a year as organizations may face an increase in cybersecurity challenges. …

Development Of Cybersecurity Footprint Index For Manufacturing Companies To Assess Organizational Cyber Posture, John A. Del Vecchio

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

With the continued changes in how businesses work, cyber-attack targets are constantly in flux between organizations, individuals, and various aspects of the supply chain of interconnected companies delivering goods and services. As one of the 16 critical infrastructure sectors, manufacturing is known for complex integrated Information Systems (ISs) incorporated heavily into production operations. Many of these ISs are procured and supported by third parties, also called interconnected entities in the supply chain. Disruptions to manufacturing companies would not only have significant financial losses but would also have economic and safety impacts on society. The vulnerabilities of interconnected companies create inherited …

Enhancing Sentiment Analysis In Niche Domains: Introducing Diverse Datasets And Evaluating Model Performance In Car Dealership And Board Game Reviews, Kimon Andreou

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed significant advancements in recent decades, with text classification emerging as a critical task, particularly in sentiment analysis applications. However, a constant challenge within sentiment analysis research is the scarcity of diverse and specialized labeled datasets. The present dissertation addresses this gap by developing two novel, labeled textual datasets sourced from niche areas: BoardGameGeek.com's top 250 board game reviews and TrustPilot.com's car dealership reviews

The main goal of this dissertation is to enrich sentiment analysis methodologies by providing unique datasets and insights into the performance of current models within specialized domains. By …

Tracking Social Media Conversations On Extreme Weather Discussion: A Longitudinal Analysis, James Chen, Suhong Li

Information Systems and Analytics Department Faculty Journal Articles

With the increasing number of extreme weather events and various disasters, people are paying more attention to environmental issues than ever, particularly global warming. Public debate on it has grown on various platforms, including newspapers and social media. This study examines emotions of the general public on global warming in the context of extreme weather events, how emotions differ by location and the change of emotion on those topics over the time. Topic modeling is used to reveal dominant topics for each type of extreme weather. The results show that discussions on Twitter predominantly focus on floods and drought/heatwaves. There …

Choosing Your “Healthiest” Embryo After Dobbs: Polygenic Screening And Distinctive Challenges For Truth In Advertising And Informed Consent, Dov Fox, Sonia Suter, Meghna Mukherjee, Stacey Pereira, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Polygenic embryo screening ("PES") analyzes embryos for hundreds or thousands of genomic loci to generate risk scores that estimate genetic susceptibility to conditions and traits compared to the general population. The technology is commercially marketed directly to consumers. Companies focus mostly on medical conditions, sometimes in ways that oversell its advantages and efficacy, encouraging fertility patients to "choose your healthiest embryo" and "protect your future child from genetic risks." The advertising of PES trades on norms of children's health and good parenting and reinforces those normative ideals. While it is easy to assume PES will be constrained in practice by …

Development Of A Multi-Level/Multi-Modal Intervention For Health Care Transition Preparation, Beth H Garland, Mary Majumder, Constance M Wiemann, Blanca Sanchez-Fournier, Jordyn Babla, Albert C Hergenroeder

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Aims: Health care transition (HCT) to adult care and young adult disease self-management is a multi-step process involving three major stakeholders - the adolescent, the caregiver, and the provider. Preparation gaps exist within each of these stakeholder groups. This paper presents the development of the Intervention to Promote Autonomy and Competence in Transition-aged Youth (IPACT), a multi-level (adolescent, caregiver, provider), multi-modal (interactive skill building sessions, educational materials, videos) intervention to address gaps in all three stakeholder groups simultaneously and help support achieving the three core elements of HCT planning.

Methods: Eight processes were utilized to develop the IPACT intervention, including …

Towards Objective, Temporally Resolved Neurobehavioral Predictors Of Emotional State, Katherine E Kabotyanski, Han G Yi, Rahul Hingorani, Brian S Robinson, Hannah P Cowley, Matthew S Fifer, Brock A Wester, Bishal Lamichhane, Ashutosh Sabharwal, Anusha B Allawala, Sameer V Rajesh, Nabeel Diab, Raissa K Mathura, Victoria Pirtle, Joshua Adkinson, Andrew J Watrous, Eleonora Bartoli, Jiayang Xiao, Garrett P Banks, Sanjay J Mathew, Wayne K Goodman, Xaq Pitkow, Nader Pouratian, Benjamin Y Hayden, Nicole R Provenza, Sameer A Sheth

Staff and Researcher Publications

No abstract provided.

Harnessing Speech-Derived Digital Biomarkers To Detect And Quantify Cognitive Decline Severity In Older Adults, Gozde Cay, Valeria A Pfeifer, Myeounggon Lee, Mohammad Dehghan Rouzi, Adonay S Nunes, Nesreen El-Refaei, Anmol Salim Momin, Md Moin Uddin Atique, Matthias R Mehl, Ashkan Vaziri, Bijan Najafi

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Introduction: Current cognitive assessments suffer from floor/ceiling and practice effects, poor psychometric performance in mild cases, and repeated assessment effects. This study explores the use of digital speech analysis as an alternative tool for determining cognitive impairment. The study specifically focuses on identifying the digital speech biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment and its severity.

Methods: We recruited older adults with varying cognitive health. Their speech data, recorded via a wearable microphone during the reading aloud of a standard passage, were processed to derive digital biomarkers such as timing, pitch, and loudness. Cohen's d effect size highlighted group differences, and correlations …

Persistent Elevation Of Plasma Markers Of Cellular Senescence After Hip Fracture: A Pilot Longitudinal Study, Eric J Lenze, Ginger E Nicol, George A Kuchel, Michael S Avidan, Breno S Diniz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures may result from and contribute to accelerated biological aging. We aimed to evaluate the impact of hip fracture and its surgery on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) index, a composite of peripheral protein markers where higher scores are thought to indicate greater levels of cellular senescence and accelerated aging.

METHODS: We examined the SASP index in plasma over 12 weeks post-surgery and its prediction of long-term post-surgical functional outcomes. We included 60 older adults: 20 recruited immediately after hip fracture surgery, and 40 comparison individuals who were either healthy or suffering chronic psychosocial stress (caregiving). We assessed …

Reinforcement Learning In Motor Skill Acquisition: Using The Reward Positivity To Understand The Mechanisms Underlying Short- And Long-Term Behavior Adaptation, Mariane F B Bacelar, Keith R Lohse, Juliana O Parma, Matthew W Miller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: According to reinforcement learning, humans adjust their behavior based on the difference between actual and anticipated outcomes (i.e., prediction error) with the main goal of maximizing rewards through their actions. Despite offering a strong theoretical framework to understand how we acquire motor skills, very few studies have investigated reinforcement learning predictions and its underlying mechanisms in motor skill acquisition.

METHODS: In the present study, we explored a 134-person dataset consisting of learners' feedback-evoked brain activity (reward positivity; RewP) and motor accuracy during the practice phase and delayed retention test to investigate whether these variables interacted according to reinforcement learning …

Best Practices In Robotic Magnetic Navigation-Guided Catheter Ablation Of Cardiac Arrhythmias, A Position Paper Of The Society For Cardiac Robotic Navigation, Anna M E Noten, Daniel H Cooper, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PREAMBLE: Robotic magnetic navigation (RMN)-guided catheter ablation (CA) technology has been used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias for almost 20 years. Various studies reported that RMN allows for high catheter stability, improved lesion formation and a superior safety profile. So far, no guidelines or recommendations on RMN-guided CA have been published.

PURPOSE: The aim of this consensus paper was to summarize knowledge and provide recommendations on management of arrhythmias using RMN-guided CA as treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA).

METHODOLOGY: An expert writing group, performed a detailed review of available literature, and drawing on their own …

Centering Intersectional Breast Cancer Screening Experiences Among Black, Latina, And White Women: A Qualitative Analysis, Sienna Ruiz, Kamilah Abdur-Rashid, Rachel L Mintz, Maggie Britton, Ana A Baumann, Graham A Colditz, Ashley J Housten

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Mammography screening guidelines in the United States highlight the importance of informing and involving women when making their breast cancer screening decisions. However, the complexity of interpreting and applying these population-level guidelines can contribute to patient burden. Patient-centered communication strategies can alleviate patient burden, but few consider perspectives from racially and ethnically marginalized populations. We examine diverse women's perspectives on screening to characterize patient-centered experiences.

METHODS: We conducted 28 focus groups with 134 non-Latina Black (

RESULTS: We identified three themes: (1) personal relationships with primary care providers, (2) potential impacts of cancer on families, and (3) interactions with …

Can Micro-Expressions Be Used As A Biomarker For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Mindi Ruan, Na Zhang, Xiangxu Yu, Wenqi Li, Chuanbo Hu, Paula J Webster, Lynn K Paul, Shuo Wang, Xin Li

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Early and accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial for effective intervention, yet it remains a significant challenge due to its complexity and variability. Micro-expressions are rapid, involuntary facial movements indicative of underlying emotional states. It is unknown whether micro-expression can serve as a valid bio-marker for ASD diagnosis.

METHODS: This study introduces a novel machine-learning (ML) framework that advances ASD diagnostics by focusing on facial micro-expressions. We applied cutting-edge algorithms to detect and analyze these micro-expressions from video data, aiming to identify distinctive patterns that could differentiate individuals with ASD from typically developing peers. Our computational …

Ethical Considerations For Integrating Multimodal Computer Perception And Neurotechnology, Meghan E Hurley, Anika Sonig, John Herrington, Eric A Storch, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Kristin Kostick-Quenet

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer perception technologies (e.g., digital phenotyping and affective computing) promise to transform clinical approaches to personalized care in psychiatry and beyond by offering more objective measures of emotional states and behavior, enabling precision treatment, diagnosis, and symptom monitoring. At the same time, passive and continuous nature by which they often collect data from patients in non-clinical settings raises ethical issues related to privacy and self-determination. Little is known about how such concerns may be exacerbated by the integration of neural data, as parallel advances in computer perception, AI, and neurotechnology enable new insights into subjective states. …

A Use Case Of Chatgpt: Summary Of An Expert Panel Discussion On Electronic Health Records And Implementation Science, Seppo T Rinne, Julian Brunner, Timothy P Hogan, Jacqueline M Ferguson, Drew A Helmer, Sylvia J Hysong, Grace Mckee, Amanda Midboe, Megan E Shepherd-Banigan, A Rani Elwy

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare, but less is known about how it may facilitate methodological innovations in research settings. In this manuscript, we describe a novel use of AI in summarizing and reporting qualitative data generated from an expert panel discussion about the role of electronic health records (EHRs) in implementation science.

Materials and methods: 15 implementation scientists participated in an hour-long expert panel discussion addressing how EHRs can support implementation strategies, measure implementation outcomes, and influence implementation science. Notes from the discussion were synthesized by ChatGPT (a large language model-LLM) to generate a manuscript summarizing the discussion, …