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2024

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Exploring The Root Factors Impacting Work Zone Accidents: A Mixed-Methods Study, Bahaa Chammout, Muaz O. Ahmed, Islam H. El-Adaway Jan 2024

Exploring The Root Factors Impacting Work Zone Accidents: A Mixed-Methods Study, Bahaa Chammout, Muaz O. Ahmed, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Work Zones Are Vital For Improving Infrastructural Utilities Yet Pose Significant Dangers For Workers And Drivers Who Are Often Unfamiliar With These Areas. Prior Research Examined Various Aspects Of Work Zone Accident Causation; However, The Interrelationships And Critical Combinations Among The Contributing Factors Have Not Been Fully Analyzed. This Study Aims To Identify The Underlying Factors Contributing To Work Zone Accidents And Evaluate The Different Combinations Among Them. To This Purpose, Accident Factors Were Derived From A Total Of 133 Research Articles Addressing Work Zone Safety. Social Network Analysis (SNA) And Clustering Were Used To Comprehensively Model The Identified Factors. …

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Investigating Price Fluctuation Transmission Among Construction Materials, Mohamad Abdul Nabi, Islam H. El-Adaway, Rayan H. Assaad Jan 2024

Investigating Price Fluctuation Transmission Among Construction Materials, Mohamad Abdul Nabi, Islam H. El-Adaway, Rayan H. Assaad

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Generally, Fluctuation In One Material's Price Can Cause A Series Of Chain Reactions In The Supply Chain System, Known As Price Fluctuation Transmission, As All Materials Are Interconnected And Interrelated. None Of The Previous Studies Have Investigated Price Fluctuation Transmission Among All Construction Materials. This Paper Aims To Fill This Gap In Knowledge. The Authors Collected Producer Price Index (PPI) Data For 16 Construction Materials, Modeled The Relationship Between Each Pair Of Materials Using Vector Autoregression Technique, And Validated The Causality Using Granger Causality Test. Network Analysis Was Performed To Identify The Price Fluctuation Transmission Capacity, Susceptibility, And Intermediatory Capacity …

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You Don’T Have To Be Their Best Friend: Complicating The Instructor-Student Relationship Through A Mixed-Method Typology, Jessalyn I. Vallade, Kyle Rudick Jan 2024

You Don’T Have To Be Their Best Friend: Complicating The Instructor-Student Relationship Through A Mixed-Method Typology, Jessalyn I. Vallade, Kyle Rudick

Journal of Communication Pedagogy

The purpose of this study was to explore the nuances of instructor-student relationships with a nationally representative sample of students. Participants were randomly assigned to describe relationships with their best, worst, and/or last instructor and rate their satisfaction with each relationship, and the level of closeness with the instructor. Coding of student descriptions revealed 13 themes, organized into six pairs of constructive/destructive relationship anchors and one neutral category (Professional Relationship). Importantly, professional relationships were not as close as constructive relationships but were equally satisfying, indicating the closeness in instructor-student relationships has diminishing returns. Results are discussed in the context of …

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Ai Trustworthy: Ethical Challenges And Strategies, Jian Liu, Iwan Sandjaja, Donald C. Wunsch Jan 2024

Ai Trustworthy: Ethical Challenges And Strategies, Jian Liu, Iwan Sandjaja, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper explores the pivotal role of trust in the widespread application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various domains. We review AI applications in sectors like energy, healthcare, and autonomous vehicles and discuss the crisis of human trust they face. This paper introduces a novel framework that delineates the relationship between AI transparency and user trust, highlighting specific industry applications. Through a systematic review of recent literature, we first delve into factors such as emotional response, acceptance, transparency, accuracy, and interpretability that shape human trust in AI. We then underscore the necessity of ethical AI practices and highlight the importance …

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Enhancing Flight Delay Predictions Using Network Centrality Measures, Joseph Ajayi Jan 2024

Enhancing Flight Delay Predictions Using Network Centrality Measures, Joseph Ajayi

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Accurate prediction of flight delays remains a formidable challenge within the aviation industry, owing to its inherent complexity and the interconnectivity of its operations. Traditional flight prediction methods frequently utilize meteorological conditions—such as temperature, humidity, and dew point—alongside flight-specific data like departure and arrival times. However, these predictors often fall short of capturing the nuanced dynamics that lead to delays. This thesis introduces network centrality measures as novel predictors for enhancing the binary classification of flight arrival delays. Furthermore, it emphasizes the application of tree-based ensemble models, which are recognized for their superior ability to model complex relationships compared to …

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Characterization Of Nasa Cold Atom Laboratory Potentials Using Variational Techniques, Samuel O. Oni Jan 2024

Characterization Of Nasa Cold Atom Laboratory Potentials Using Variational Techniques, Samuel O. Oni

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In a recent atom-interferometry (AI) experiment, conducted aboard the NASA Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) deployed to the International Space Station (ISS), a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) was formed too near to the atom chip wall for the AI experiment to be carried out. To fix this the experimentalists tuned the CAL external magnetic field and atom-chip currents so as to move the BEC away from the atom-chip wall. They then planned to turn the trap off and allow it to expand in place (since there is no gravity on the ISS) in preparation for the AI experiment. Unfortunately, when the trap …

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Reinforcement Learning: Applying Low Discrepancy Action Selection To Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, Aleksandr Svishchev Jan 2024

Reinforcement Learning: Applying Low Discrepancy Action Selection To Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, Aleksandr Svishchev

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a subfield of machine learning concerned with agents learning to behave optimally by interacting with an environment. One of the most important topics in RL is how the agent should explore, that is, how to choose actions in order to rate their impact on long-term reward. For example, a simple baseline strategy might be uniformly random action selection. This thesis investigates the heuristic idea that agents will learn faster if they explore by factoring the environment’s state into their decision and intentionally choose actions which are as different as possible from what they have previously observed. …

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Exploring The Consistency Of Flow Regimes Within And Among Ecoregions Of The Southeastern United States, Frank Paul Braun Iv Jan 2024

Exploring The Consistency Of Flow Regimes Within And Among Ecoregions Of The Southeastern United States, Frank Paul Braun Iv

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Human manipulation of river systems has long been a known contributor to the loss of freshwater biodiversity. By accounting for environmental causes of hydrologic variation among rivers, we can better understand how ecoregion mediates flow regimes and forecast species that may be at risk. Presumably, natural variation associated with ecoregion boundaries exerts strong influence on flow regimes, and may mediate relationships between other features (e.g., land use, dam operations) and hydrology. However, such between-ecoregion variation is poorly investigated, particularly at fine spatial and temporal scales. I characterized 10 hydrologic metrics, representing the five key dimensions of the flow regime (magnitude, …

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Screening H3 Histone Acetylation In A Wild Bird, The House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus), Daniella Ray Jan 2024

Screening H3 Histone Acetylation In A Wild Bird, The House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus), Daniella Ray

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly understood to have major impacts across ecology. However, one molecular epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation, currently dominates the literature. A second mechanism, histone modification, is likely important to ecologically relevant phenotypes and thus warrants investigation, especially because molecular interplay between methylation and histone acetylation can strongly affect gene expression. There are a limited number of histone acetylation studies on non-model organisms, yet those that exist show that it can impact gene expression and phenotypic plasticity. Wild birds provide an excellent system to investigate histone acetylation, as free-living individuals must rapidly adjust to environmental change. Here, we screen …

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Applications Of Predictive And Generative Ai Algorithms: Regression Modeling, Customized Large Language Models, And Text-To-Image Generative Diffusion Models, Suhaima Jamal Jan 2024

Applications Of Predictive And Generative Ai Algorithms: Regression Modeling, Customized Large Language Models, And Text-To-Image Generative Diffusion Models, Suhaima Jamal

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms has radically changed predictive modeling and classification tasks, enhancing a multitude of domains with unprecedented analytical capabilities. Predictive modeling leverages ML and AI to forecast future trends or behaviors based on historical data, while classification tasks categorize data into distinct classes, from email filtering to medical diagnosis. Concurrently, text-to-image generation has emerged as a transformative potential, allowing visual content creation directly from textual descriptions. These advancements are pivotal in design, art, entertainment, and visual communication, as well as enhancing creativity and productivity. This work explores three significant studies in …

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The Relation Between Disordered Eating And Perceived Stress, Tori E. Byars Jan 2024

The Relation Between Disordered Eating And Perceived Stress, Tori E. Byars

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Disordered eating behavior encompasses a spectrum of maladaptive eating patterns, including emotional eating, binging, restricting, and other similar behaviors. Perceived stress is the extent that an individual perceives their demands exceed their ability to cope. Existing research has demonstrated a positive relation between high ratings of perceived stress and disordered eating behaviors (King et al., 2009; Skead et al., 2018). The current study aimed to expand this research by examining the relation between disordered eating and stress in students, workers, and those who partake in both commitments. Utilizing a single survey, participants completed assessments including the Perceived Stress Scale, the …

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Classification In Supervised Statistical Learning With The New Weighted Newton-Raphson Method, Toma Debnath Jan 2024

Classification In Supervised Statistical Learning With The New Weighted Newton-Raphson Method, Toma Debnath

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In this thesis, the Weighted Newton-Raphson Method (WNRM), an innovative optimization technique, is introduced in statistical supervised learning for categorization and applied to a diabetes predictive model, to find maximum likelihood estimates. The iterative optimization method solves nonlinear systems of equations with singular Jacobian matrices and is a modification of the ordinary Newton-Raphson algorithm. The quadratic convergence of the WNRM, and high efficiency for optimizing nonlinear likelihood functions, whenever singularity in the Jacobians occur allow for an easy inclusion to classical categorization and generalized linear models such as the Logistic Regression model in supervised learning. The WNRM is thoroughly investigated …

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Computer Cravings In 20th Century Schools: From Creativity To Capitalism, Keely E. Amos Jan 2024

Computer Cravings In 20th Century Schools: From Creativity To Capitalism, Keely E. Amos

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation examines the push for computers in education from the early 1980s to the early 2000s. During that time, computers were introduced into schools across America with big promises, in turn creating big dreams. Instead of the cognition, creativity, and collaboration that was envisioned with computers in the classroom, the shifting motivations regarding computers have exacerbated the datafication and standardization of our students (Cuban, 2001). The problems associated with the corporation of computers into the curriculum are widespread (Pinar et. al, 1995/2004). Following the methodology of Historiography, this paper provides a critical examination about what was promised, and by …

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Performing Holt-Winters Time Series Forecasting Using Neural Network Based Models, Kazeem Olanrewaju Bankole Jan 2024

Performing Holt-Winters Time Series Forecasting Using Neural Network Based Models, Kazeem Olanrewaju Bankole

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

We show how to create Artificial Neural Network based models for performing the well- known Holt-Winters time series analysis. Our work fares well compared to the well-known Holt-Winter time series prediction method while avoiding the burden of searching for the parameters of the model. We present the theoretical justification of the connection between the two models and experimental results showing the similarities of these models

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A Novel Magnetorheological Pump Concept For Insulin Delivery, Mohammad Towhidul Islam Rimon Jan 2024

A Novel Magnetorheological Pump Concept For Insulin Delivery, Mohammad Towhidul Islam Rimon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Over the past 25 years, awareness of type 1 diabetes has significantly increased, leading to a comprehensive understanding of various aspects, including its genetics, epidemiology, and disease burden. According to the Type 1 Diabetic Index, about 8.7 million people around the world live with this long-term autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. However, the increased availability and utilization of artificial pancreas systems could potentially save 673,000 lives by 2040. Although, the advancement of diabetes technology offers Type 1 diabetic patients more tools to enhance glycemic management and achieve effective outcomes, many patients are still hesitant to adopt …

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Hybridization And Duplex Stability Of Peptide Nucleic Acid Containing An Azobenzene Switch, Carmen J. Velasquez Jan 2024

Hybridization And Duplex Stability Of Peptide Nucleic Acid Containing An Azobenzene Switch, Carmen J. Velasquez

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Light-driven molecular switches that can be turned on and off on demand have found many biological applications. For DNA, RNA, and synthetic derivatives, the switch can be used to interfere with a hybridization event with a complementary strand. To explore this potential, we have synthesized three light-sensitive PNA which have an azobenzene group (PNA-5azo5 and PNA-4azo4), and two azobenzene groups (PNA-2azo5azo2) as part of the PNA backbone. UV experiments were used to verify the conversion to the cis-isomer from the initial trans state for all of the single-stranded Azo-PNA ( PNA-5azo5, PNA-4azo4, and PNA-2azo5azo2) by irradiating at 365 nm …

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Bringing Gans To Medieval Times: Manuscript Translation Models, Tonilynn M. Holtz Jan 2024

Bringing Gans To Medieval Times: Manuscript Translation Models, Tonilynn M. Holtz

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) recently emerged as a powerful framework for producing new knowledge from existing knowledge. These models aim to learn patterns from input data then use that knowledge to generate output data samples that plausibly appear to belong to the same set as the input data. Medieval manuscripts study has been an important research area in the humanities field for many decades. These rare manuscripts are often times inaccessible to the general public, including students in scholars, and it is of a great interest to provide digital support (including, but not limited to translation and search) for …

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Problems In Chemical Graph Theory Related To The Merrifield-Simmons And Hosoya Topological Indices, William B. O'Reilly Jan 2024

Problems In Chemical Graph Theory Related To The Merrifield-Simmons And Hosoya Topological Indices, William B. O'Reilly

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In some sense, chemical graph theory applies graph theory to various physical sciences. This interdisciplinary field has significant applications to structure property relationships, as well as mathematical modeling. In particular, we focus on two important indices widely used in chemical graph theory, the Merrifield-Simmons index and Hosoya index. The Merrifield-Simmons index and the Hosoya index are two well-known topological indices used in mathematical chemistry for characterizing specific properties of chemical compounds. Substantial research has been done on the two indices in terms of enumerative problems and extremal questions. In this thesis, we survey known extremal results and consider the generalized …

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Assessing Performance Optimization Strategies In Cloud-Native Environments Through Containerization And Orchestration Analysis, Daniel E. Ukene Jan 2024

Assessing Performance Optimization Strategies In Cloud-Native Environments Through Containerization And Orchestration Analysis, Daniel E. Ukene

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This thesis comprises three distinct, yet interconnected studies addressing critical aspects of web infrastructure management. We begin by studying containerization via Docker and its impact on web server performance, focusing on Apache and Nginx hosted on virtualized environments. Through meticulous load testing and analysis, we provide insights into the comparative performance of these servers, adding users of this technology know which webservers to leverage when hosting their webservice along alongside the infrastructure to host it on. Next, we expand our focus to examine the performance of caching systems, namely Redis and Memcached, across traditional VMs and Docker containers. By comparing …

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Scattering Of Electromagnetic Radiation By Bianisotropic Spheres, Maxwell A. Wallace Jan 2024

Scattering Of Electromagnetic Radiation By Bianisotropic Spheres, Maxwell A. Wallace

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Modern developments in materials science have led to the increased demand for the ability to control electromagnetic radiation at scales smaller than ever. One of the most important areas of research for controlling the manipulation of electromagnetic radiation, has been the studying of novel optical metamaterials, including the most general and complex form, bianisotropic metamaterials (BAMs). With modern developments in nano- engineering, paired with the advancement of more robust theoretical studies of BAMs, the demand for more novel BAM technologies has increased. With the advent of research of unbounded BAM media, as well as the recent extensions of Mie theory …

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Railroad Condition Monitoring Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing And Deep Learning Techniques, Md Arifur Rahman Jan 2024

Railroad Condition Monitoring Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing And Deep Learning Techniques, Md Arifur Rahman

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Proper condition monitoring has been a major issue among railroad administrations since it might cause catastrophic dilemmas that lead to fatalities or damage to the infrastructure. Although various aspects of train safety have been conducted by scholars, in-motion monitoring detection of defect occurrence, cause, and severity is still a big concern. Hence extensive studies are still required to enhance the accuracy of inspection methods for railroad condition monitoring (CM). Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has been recognized as a promising method because of its sensing capabilities over long distances and for massive structures. As DAS produces large datasets, algorithms for precise …

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Characterization Of Carbon Nanotube/Polystyrene Composites Prepared Via Microwave-Induced Polymerization, Hubert Agamasu Jan 2024

Characterization Of Carbon Nanotube/Polystyrene Composites Prepared Via Microwave-Induced Polymerization, Hubert Agamasu

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their excellent mechanical properties, are well suited to the production of composites with good strength-to-weight ratio. However, the use of nanotubes as reinforcement is hampered by the lack of interaction between their inert surfaces and matrices. This, coupled with the van der Waal’s interactions between individual nanotubes, leads to agglomeration of CNTs in media. Functionalization is an efficient means to disperse nanotubes as well as increase their reactivity. The irradiation of CNTs with microwaves generates instantaneous, localized heating, being used in this work to trigger the rapid, thermal, free radical polymerization of styrene. Under microwaves, olefin-functionalized …

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Exploring Black Queer Doctoral Student Experiences With Utilizing Campus Services, Mitchell Everett Jan 2024

Exploring Black Queer Doctoral Student Experiences With Utilizing Campus Services, Mitchell Everett

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study utilized narrative inquiry to examine the experiences of Black Queer Doctoral Students (BQDS) with campus services and their ability to ameliorate minority stress and establish community with other students minoritized by their sexual or gender identity. I used the minority stress model and intersectionality as frameworks to understand how students minoritized by their race and sexual identities experienced campus services. The minority stress model provided an explanation of the stress BQDS may experience due their minority identity (Meyer, 2003, 2013). Connecting to community is also an ameliorating factor in reducing minority stress. In addition, structural intersectionality addressed the …

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Cross-Layer Performance Evaluation Of C-V2x, Dhruba Sunuwar Jan 2024

Cross-Layer Performance Evaluation Of C-V2x, Dhruba Sunuwar

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The evolution of connected vehicles from a distant futuristic concept to an integral part of daily life is indisputable. Vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X) serves as the cornerstone of this transformation, facilitating seamless interaction among vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and networks. However, evaluating V2X system performance proves intricate due to the dynamic nature of vehicles influenced by mobility factors. To address this complexity, we have developed a specialized system-level simulator expressly for evaluating V2X communication performance. Notably, the simulator encompasses (i) intelligent transportation system (ITS) scenarios integrated into a geographical framework and (ii) the capability to assess cross-layer performance spanning physical (PHY) and …

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Feasibility Of Pile Driving Analyzer For Pile On Rock, Tanvir Ahmed Jan 2024

Feasibility Of Pile Driving Analyzer For Pile On Rock, Tanvir Ahmed

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the field verification of piles is to check whether piles can withstand design load. Two commonly used methods are high strain dynamic piles and static load testing. Static load testing is very time-consuming, requires heavy deadloads and much space, and doesn’t have stress monitoring advantages in piles. High strain dynamic has been employed as an alternative in this regard. Pile dynamic analyzer (PDA) is a device which is used during dynamic testing to analyze the measurements from the test. PDA calculates the geotechnical or structural resistance by using wave mechanics algorithm installed in it. Total driving resistance …

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Investigating Division Quest: A Text-Based Adventure Narrative Game For Overcoming Difficulties Of Mitosis Learning, Amanda G. Conner Jan 2024

Investigating Division Quest: A Text-Based Adventure Narrative Game For Overcoming Difficulties Of Mitosis Learning, Amanda G. Conner

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Mitosis learning is a source of struggle for many introductory biology students. Much of this difficulty stems from an overwhelming amount of terminology and moving pieces as well as the abstract nature of cellular processes. Game-based learning (GBL) has been used in other contexts to reduce cognitive load and provide relatable experiences upon which students can construct their mental models. However, commercial GBL is often expensive and difficult to align with individual instructor teaching preferences and learning objectives. In this study, we use a mixed methods approach to explore the use of a GBL tool made in Twine to overcome …

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The De Rham Cohomology Of A Lie Group Modulo A Dense Subgroup, Brant Clark Jan 2024

The De Rham Cohomology Of A Lie Group Modulo A Dense Subgroup, Brant Clark

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Let $H$ be a dense subgroup of a Lie group $G$ with Lie algebra $\LG$. We show that the (diffeological) de Rham cohomology of $G/H$ equals the Lie algebra cohomology of $\LG/\LH$, where $\LH$ is the ideal \mbox{$\{Z\in\LG:\e{tZ}\in H \text{ for all } t\in\RR\}$}

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Aggressive And Non-Aggressive Behaviors In Mixed And Non-Mixed Dorymyrmex Smithi And Dorymyrmex Bureni Colonies Of Southeastern Georgia, Usa, Renee K. Nowicki Jan 2024

Aggressive And Non-Aggressive Behaviors In Mixed And Non-Mixed Dorymyrmex Smithi And Dorymyrmex Bureni Colonies Of Southeastern Georgia, Usa, Renee K. Nowicki

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Dorymyrmex species, ‘pyramid’ or ‘cone’ ants, are Dolichoderines distributed across North America. Two relatively well-studied species, Dorymyrmex smithi and Dorymyrmex bureni, are commonly found throughout southeastern Georgia. These species are part of a socially parasitic relationship while simultaneously having starkly different colony structures. Dorymyrmex smithi is a polydomous, polygynous species with colonies that are often expansive, at times having hundreds to thousands of nests per colony. Dorymyrmex smithi is a temporary social parasite of D. bureni, a monodomous, monogynous species. The specific mechanism of this parasitism is currently unknown. Preliminary behavioral assay data from a limited number of …

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Cultivation Of A Commercially Important Macroalga (Ulva Sp) For Polyculture Research In Coastal Georgia, Kyle Mundy Jan 2024

Cultivation Of A Commercially Important Macroalga (Ulva Sp) For Polyculture Research In Coastal Georgia, Kyle Mundy

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The Georgia coast has shown great potential for large-scale oyster aquaculture, and the rate at which the sector has grown demands implementation of novel techniques to ensure sustainability and success in the face of climate change. One practice – integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) or polyculture – is known to have positive effects on the health and quality of farmed organisms and the surrounding environment through low pH/alkalinity amelioration, while also being a unique and viable way for a farming operation to diversify its products. To date, there has been no such attempt at investigating or demonstrating macroalgae culture in Georgia. …

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Geoelectrical And Hydrochemical Characterization Of Submarine Groundwater Discharge In Florida Bay, Ifeanyi Emmanuel Eze Jan 2024

Geoelectrical And Hydrochemical Characterization Of Submarine Groundwater Discharge In Florida Bay, Ifeanyi Emmanuel Eze

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Florida Bay, situated at the southern tip of Everglades National Park and underlain by the Miami Limestone formation, is an ecosystem of global significance. Over the past century, the bay has faced threats such as droughts, seagrass mortality, and hypersalinity. Despite various studies and management efforts, the dynamics of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the region remain underexplored. Given that SGD plays a significant role in the chemical dynamics of coastal ecosystems, it warrants thorough investigation. This study aims to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of SGD in Florida Bay by surveying three basins – Rankin, Whipray, and Rabbit …

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