Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2024

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 271 - 300 of 8586

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Conflicts And Contests: A History Of The Filipino Novel In English, Patricia May B. Jurilla Dec 2024

Conflicts And Contests: A History Of The Filipino Novel In English, Patricia May B. Jurilla

Kritika Kultura

Since its first appearance in 1921, the Filipino novel in English has always existed at a disadvantage, having to struggle with the reading public’s preference for writings in the vernacular languages, a small and not entirely receptive market, and stiff competition from imported English- language novels. What made Filipino authors produce novels in English, then? And why did they continue to do so in increasing numbers throughout the years? This essay seeks to address these questions by exploring the publishing history of Filipino novels in English during the twentieth century and by determining what forces drove the production of English-language …

Go to article

Introduction, Ramon Guillermo, Martin V. Villanueva Dec 2024

Introduction, Ramon Guillermo, Martin V. Villanueva

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Vernacular World Making: E. San Juan, Jr. And The Rehearsal For The New International, Charlie Samuya Veric Dec 2024

Vernacular World Making: E. San Juan, Jr. And The Rehearsal For The New International, Charlie Samuya Veric

Kritika Kultura

Focusing on E. San Juan, Jr.’s The Radical Tradition in Philippine Literature, which forms the matrix of his thought as a historical materialist critic, this essay traces the development of a central argument in the author’s body of work: namely, Philippine literature—diverse in form, expansive in reach—is progressive and revolutionary. Using such a fundamental argument with complex effects, I explore its implications for rethinking not only the scope of Philippine literature, but also for reimagining human solidarity, which San Juan aptly terms the New International. As I will suggest, the New International is an important form of planetary consciousness from …

Go to article

From “Game-Like Realism” To The “Imagination-Oriented Aesthetic”: Reconsidering Bourdieu’S Contribution To Fan Studies In The Light Of Japanese Manga And Otaku Theory, Zoltan Kacsuk Dec 2024

From “Game-Like Realism” To The “Imagination-Oriented Aesthetic”: Reconsidering Bourdieu’S Contribution To Fan Studies In The Light Of Japanese Manga And Otaku Theory, Zoltan Kacsuk

Kritika Kultura

Following Casey Brienza’s call for drawing on Japanese “otaku theory” in order to further comics studies, the present article demonstrates how the wider interrelated discourse around anime, manga, and otaku can be productively related to fields such as Western fan studies. Focusing on Azuma Hiroki’s book The Birth of Game-like Realism this paper both highlights the theoretical richness of works which have yet to be translated into English, and emphasizes the importance of manga research – in this case Itō Gō’s book Tezuka is Dead – beyond the confines of manga/comics studies. Building on a novel reading of Azuma’s framework …

Go to article

Japan's Soft Power And "Grand Fictions" In Global Venues: Japanese Pop Culture Franchises And Fictionality-Based Tactics, Marco Pellitteri Dec 2024

Japan's Soft Power And "Grand Fictions" In Global Venues: Japanese Pop Culture Franchises And Fictionality-Based Tactics, Marco Pellitteri

Kritika Kultura

This article discusses the notion of soft power and how Japan’s government has recently made use of imaginary characters from “manga” and “anime” to promote the country’s appeal. I focus on the official video clip for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, first released in 2016. This montage features not only Japan’s Prime Minister as well as Japanese athletes and show-business celebrities, but also fictional characters. On the one hand, this cast assists in creating a display of “official Japaneseness” as a presentation strategy for the 2020 Olympics host country, deploying Shinzō Abe as a testimonial. On the other hand, while fiction …

Go to article

Does Copyright Help Or Harm Cultural Diversity In The Digital Age?, Sean A. Pager Dec 2024

Does Copyright Help Or Harm Cultural Diversity In The Digital Age?, Sean A. Pager

Kritika Kultura

Does copyright advance cultural diversity or inhibit it? Some blame copyright for fostering a global monoculture. Others contend that copyright enhances diversity by encouraging originality. Similarly opposing narratives exist regarding piracy: Some see piracy as an existential threat that will cripple cultural production; others argue piracy expands markets and exposes audiences to diverse content. This article reviews both theoretical and empirical literature on copyright’s effects and on the conditions arising in copyright’s absence. It argues that a regime of modest copyright protection, with appropriately tailored limitations, is likely to prove most conducive to copyright diversity. The Article concludes with a …

Go to article

Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan Dec 2024

Fan Entrepreneurship: Fandom, Agency, And The Marketing Of Hallyu In Israel, Nissim Otmazgin, Irina Lyan

Kritika Kultura

While the overall majority of Hallyu research has looked at the way fans consume Korean popular culture and how it influences their identity, this paper focuses on the way these fans serve as effective agents for marketing Hallyu and how their fandom empowers them to explore new business and social opportunities. Focusing on what we call “fan entrepreneurship,” this paper examines the evolvement of fan communities in Israel and their role as cultural agents transcending different cultural and social contexts. More specifically, it analyzes their role as promoters, distributers, and entrepreneurs of Hallyu. To examine fan entrepreneurship in action, we …

Go to article

Deepening Conditions Of Precarity In The Korean Game Industry And Collaborative Strategies To Overcome Constraints, Sangkyu Lee Dec 2024

Deepening Conditions Of Precarity In The Korean Game Industry And Collaborative Strategies To Overcome Constraints, Sangkyu Lee

Kritika Kultura

This paper examines how Korean game developers have been experiencing deepening conditions of precarity and makes a few suggestions regarding how they could overcome their structural limitations. Despite the remarkable growth in the Korean game industry, many underlying problems overshadow its success, such as labor exploitation, low wages, employment instability, and alienated labor. This paper uses a qualitative methodology to investigate the implications of the game industry market’s transition from PC online to the mobile game platform since the 2010s, which contributed to the industry’s deteriorating working condition and production system. Given this context, this study explores how the game …

Go to article

Assessing The Impact Of Protectionism Upon The Performance Of Actors: The Case Of The French And Korean Film Industries, Hee Jun Kim, Maxime Martigane, Jimmyn Parc Dec 2024

Assessing The Impact Of Protectionism Upon The Performance Of Actors: The Case Of The French And Korean Film Industries, Hee Jun Kim, Maxime Martigane, Jimmyn Parc

Kritika Kultura

The film industry has received increasing attention due to social, cultural, and economic reasons. Consequently, many countries have introduced various measures to protect and promote it, particularly through the use of subsidies. So far, many works have focused on how protectionism affects the film industry with focus on production and consumption. In this regard, this paper focuses on the impact of protectionism upon the performance of actors by comparing the French and Korean film industries, which has been less studied. This paper reveals three interesting points that should be carefully considered in order to make effective policies for the film …

Go to article

Bedeviling Quijano De Manila's Discourses Of The Devil's Advocate And The Openness Of Historical Interpretation, Ivan Emil Labayne Dec 2024

Bedeviling Quijano De Manila's Discourses Of The Devil's Advocate And The Openness Of Historical Interpretation, Ivan Emil Labayne

Kritika Kultura

Using a Marxist framework, this paper looks at Nick Joaquin’s conduct of history writing and uses this analysis to comment on the general practice of writing on history. The paper first assesses the extent by which a strand of dialectical thought operates in Discourses. Second, typical assertions of history as “narrativized” discourse are put into test. The ideas of Linda Hutcheon and Edel Garcellano are utilized to bring in the larger sociality where textual discourses take place, thereby shunning the supposed primacy of texts and positing the dynamic ties between history writing and society. Third, the relationship between oral and …

Go to article

Cultural Capital And The Tale Of Two Lu Xuns, Yang Ke Dec 2024

Cultural Capital And The Tale Of Two Lu Xuns, Yang Ke

Kritika Kultura

Historically, Lu Xun’s canonical status in China had been used for purposes other than strictly or specifically “literary,” although the aesthetic merits of his works remain indisputable even from the broader perspective of World Literature today. Nonetheless, such uses, which this study refers to as “cultural capital,” have brought about certain inconsistencies and contradictions in the evaluation of his works. In order to survey the complex and shifting history of reception to Lu Xun’s works, this paper attempts to explain the contextual determinations of his canonicity from the rise of vernacular literature in 1917 in China and his use of …

Go to article

Pelikulang Komiks: Toward A Theory Of Filipino Film Adaptation, Joyce L. Arriola Dec 2024

Pelikulang Komiks: Toward A Theory Of Filipino Film Adaptation, Joyce L. Arriola

Kritika Kultura

This paper tackles the major assumptions of a proposed/emergent Filipino komiks-to-film adaptation theory based on archival texts from the 1950s. An inventory of extant texts has led to the identification of twelve komiks-to-film adaptations representing Filipinized genres such as the korido film, fantasy/folklore, family drama, woman’s film, personality comedy, and historical film. Textual analysis of uncovered texts has been complemented by a social film history based on unstructured interviews with ten komiks and film scholars and retrieval of archival film journalism pieces. The main concern of this paper is to present the concepts and assumptions about komiks-to-film adaptation that will …

Go to article

The Construction Of Modernity In Pre-Independent Indonesia And Its Ensuing Manifestation In Critical Discourse And Literary Theory, Paulus Sarwoto Dec 2024

The Construction Of Modernity In Pre-Independent Indonesia And Its Ensuing Manifestation In Critical Discourse And Literary Theory, Paulus Sarwoto

Kritika Kultura

This article traces the development of what may be called Indonesian critical discourse particularly related to the position of “West” and “East” from the colonial period to the New Order era. The development of this discourse and its manifestation in Indonesian literary theory began with a postcolonial debate on the construction of Indonesian modernity, i.e., toward which center it is going to be oriented. The tension between Western-centric discourse, on the one hand, and traditional orientation, on the other, characterized the earliest intellectual debate in the 1930s. This argument took a different contour in the 1960s when the tension turned …

Go to article

Critical Crossings: Hybridity's Fissures And Ruptures, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes Dec 2024

Critical Crossings: Hybridity's Fissures And Ruptures, Maria Luisa Torres Reyes

Kritika Kultura

The papers in this special section at once undertake and undermine the discourse of hybridity, at once to recognize the strength of its rhetorical force and critique the limits of its explanatory power. Rather than viewing hybridity as a kind of floating signifier in all its ambivalence as many postcolonial studies have been noted to have undertaken, the papers explore its conditions of possibility in the context of the materiality of the historical situation and specifically in the concreteness of the authors’ inscription in history and the worldly particularity of literature, literary form, and criticism. As a category, for a …

Go to article

Im Hwa, Hybridity, And The Anti-Colonial Politics Of Modern Korean Literature, Jinhyoung Lee Dec 2024

Im Hwa, Hybridity, And The Anti-Colonial Politics Of Modern Korean Literature, Jinhyoung Lee

Kritika Kultura

This paper deals with the hybridity of modern Korean literature as it tries to explain its anti- colonial politics by focusing on the exposition of Joseon literary history and the discourse of the “serious novel” in the late colonial era by Im Hwa, who is considered as one of the foremost critics of modern Korean literature. Im Hwa characterized modern Joseon literature as the result of the hybridization of pre-modern Joseon literature and modern Western literature, thereby devaluing the perceived influence of Japanese literature on modern Joseon literature. This idea was premised on his assumption that the tradition of modern …

Go to article

How I Came To Be Associated With Kritika Kultura, Rajeev S. Patke Dec 2024

How I Came To Be Associated With Kritika Kultura, Rajeev S. Patke

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Wrestling With Or Embracing Digitization In The Music Industry: The Contrasting Business Strategies Of J-Pop And K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Nobuko Kawashima Dec 2024

Wrestling With Or Embracing Digitization In The Music Industry: The Contrasting Business Strategies Of J-Pop And K-Pop, Jimmyn Parc, Nobuko Kawashima

Kritika Kultura

Digitization has significantly changed the process for producing and consuming music: from analogue to digital, albums to songs, possess to access, audio to visual, and end products to promotional products. In this globalized digital era, actively embracing digitization would likely help enhance the competitiveness of the music industry. The rise of K-pop and the decline of J-pop clearly demonstrate the different results from whether to embrace or wrestle with digitization. The Korean music industry recognized changes brought on by digitization earlier and was more active in responding with effective strategies. By contrast, the Japanese music industry did not immediately respond …

Go to article

Where Is 'East Of Eden'?: The Politics Of Steinbeck's Literary Reputation In Slovenia, Danica Čerče Dec 2024

Where Is 'East Of Eden'?: The Politics Of Steinbeck's Literary Reputation In Slovenia, Danica Čerče

Kritika Kultura

Katherine Arens maintains that literary texts or authors can function as prototypes for their speech genres within literary history and in a cultural community. Until very recently, in Slovenia, John Steinbeck has been regarded primarily as an objective social chronicler of the Great Depression. This popular critical view, earned with his “labor trilogy,” The Grapes of Wrath, In Dubious Battle, and Of Mice and Men, is needlessly limiting, given that Steinbeck’s literary achivements extend well beyond the modes and methods of traditional realism or documentary representation. Written against the background of the critical discourse regarding the political implications of literary …

Go to article

Greetings From Sacred Mountain, Genevieve L. Asenjo, Michelle Tiu Tan Dec 2024

Greetings From Sacred Mountain, Genevieve L. Asenjo, Michelle Tiu Tan

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Landlessness, War, And Displacement In Literatures Of Mindanao And Sulu, Sherwin Mendoza Dec 2024

Landlessness, War, And Displacement In Literatures Of Mindanao And Sulu, Sherwin Mendoza

Kritika Kultura

This monograph attempts to clarify the relationships of Filipino Americans to the diaspora of Christian settler colonists in Mindanao with the hope of facilitating solidarity between Filipino Americans and the peoples of Mindanao and Sulu. It begins with a consideration of Carlos Bulosan, perhaps the most prominent figure within the discipline of Filipino American Studies, in terms of the brief appearance of Mindanao in America is in the Heart. The bulk of the monograph, however, is centered on literatures of the Southern Philippines, a region that is often overlooked within the discipline of Filipino American Studies, and in particular it …

Go to article

Guest Editor's Introduction, Joel David Dec 2024

Guest Editor's Introduction, Joel David

Kritika Kultura

Although vital to the existence of the Philippine movie industry, stardom has rarely garnered scholarly attention apart from the auteurist (film-artist) or biographical modes. Part of the reason is external, in the sense that media-studies approaches to star-text discourses emerged relatively recently, and may still be in the process of further refinement. However, a crucial internal reason is that the primary Philippine example, Nora Aunor, inadvertently affirms the earlier, now-conventional approach by virtue of her singular dominance as both top star and top multimedia performer. This study will track relevant trends in star studies vis-à-vis Philippine scholarly output, and will …

Go to article

The Black Nazarene, Quiapo, And The Weak Philippine State, Mark Joseph Calano Dec 2024

The Black Nazarene, Quiapo, And The Weak Philippine State, Mark Joseph Calano

Kritika Kultura

The dialectical relationship between the religious performances to the Black Nazarene and the informality of space in Quiapo has an implication in the “construction” of space and the formation of a weak Philippine state. The dynamics between poón, panata, and pananampalataya (elements in the discussion of the devotion to the Black Nazarene) and the barongbarong, looban, at hanapbuhay (elements in the discussion of the informality of Quiapo) helps in the construction of the spatiality of Quiapo. Quiapo is constructed as the place of the play between pananampalataya and hanapbuhay; the implication of this mutual dependency to the state is a …

Go to article

Interactive Meaning Potentials In Weight-Loss Web-Advertising: The Female Body In Crisis, Emily Lau Kui Ling Dec 2024

Interactive Meaning Potentials In Weight-Loss Web-Advertising: The Female Body In Crisis, Emily Lau Kui Ling

Kritika Kultura

The common saying, “a picture is worth a thousand words” is no longer questioned in the twenty-first century where information is extensively rendered in visual terms. The rise of digital capture devices and online social media presumes that visual culture is head- ing towards greater influence in every aspect of life. This paper explores the ways visual representations attract the viewer’s attention, and based on Jewitt and Oyama’s analytical framework of visual social semiotics seeks to understand the meaning-making potentials of weight-loss advertising. Three key factors: distance, contact, and point of view are shown to be crucial in creating complex …

Go to article

Shattering Silence: Tracing Speciesism In Philippine Children’S Literature, Chryssa Celestino Dec 2024

Shattering Silence: Tracing Speciesism In Philippine Children’S Literature, Chryssa Celestino

Kritika Kultura

What does it mean to write the animal? In Philippine children’s literature where the population of the nonhuman animal is difficult to ignore, writing (about) them is supposed to aspire familiarization: an action that guides the child reader toward concepts of animality. The nonhuman animal has also been recognized as therapeutic narrative elements, aids in identity construction, and effective fictional teachers of species relationships. The inclusion and, more accurately, the functions of the nonhuman animal in the text, however, are symptomatic of speciesism: the belief in human superiority, and the redundant establishment of their supremacy. Influenced by the insights of …

Go to article

But For The Apocalypse: Wilfrido Nolledo’S Dark Mirror Of Empire, Ryan Canlas Dec 2024

But For The Apocalypse: Wilfrido Nolledo’S Dark Mirror Of Empire, Ryan Canlas

Kritika Kultura

This essay reads Wilfrido Nolledo’s novel, But for the Lovers (1970), across the rocky terrain in which the postcolonial Anglophone novel intersects with the question of postmodernity. Using Paul Ricoeur’s Memory, History, and Forgetting and Fredric Jameson’s exhortation to the critic to “Always historicize!” as my primary theoretical frameworks, I argue against the seemingly common accusation that the “postmodern” Anglophone Filipino novel––of which But for the Lovers is a kind of prototypical example––is incapable of creating a perspective on the political and historical conditions of the Philippines as a postcolonial nation and that it is merely symptomatic of the much …

Go to article

Translation Politics In Ilocano-Hawaiian Writing, Ma. Socorro Q. Perez Dec 2024

Translation Politics In Ilocano-Hawaiian Writing, Ma. Socorro Q. Perez

Kritika Kultura

The essay explains the translation process of three GUMIL Hawaii (Gunglo Dagiti Mannurat iti Ilocano ti Hawaii) Ilocano short fiction into English, as the receptor language. Three concerns come to configure in the deployment of postcolonial translation: first, that the exilic sensibility (concerned with rootlessness, departure, leave-takings, nostalgia, etc.) is addressed; second, that the materiality of Ilocano-Hawaiian diasporic culture as distinct from other Asian ethnicities in Hawaii and the Whites is clear; third, that the register of the original is approximated. The translation, therefore, offers a hybridized and syncretic Ilocano-Hawaiian English variety that is at once familiar, estranging and different.

Go to article

“We Were War Surplus, Too”: Nick Joaquin And The Im/Possibilities Of Filipino Historical Becoming, Josen Masangkay Diaz Dec 2024

“We Were War Surplus, Too”: Nick Joaquin And The Im/Possibilities Of Filipino Historical Becoming, Josen Masangkay Diaz

Kritika Kultura

This article reads Nick Joaquin’s 1983 novel Cave and Shadows alongside his persistent engagement with Filipino identity and history to argue that an investigation of Philippine historiography reveals the colonial entrapments of Filipino subjectivity. A mystery novel set in the period immediately preceding Ferdinand Marcos’s 1972 declaration of martial law, it contextualizes Marcos authoritarianism within the scope of post-World War II concerns about national politics in the wake of independence. It also simultaneously grapples with overarching ideas about the legacies of colonial conquest and their effects on the Filipino common sense. Jack Henson’s traversals through Manila find him grappling with …

Go to article

Poems From "Morpo", Jose Perez Beduya, Allan Popa Dec 2024

Poems From "Morpo", Jose Perez Beduya, Allan Popa

Kritika Kultura

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Not Language Alone: Translation And Culture, Bienvenido Lumbera Dec 2024

Not Language Alone: Translation And Culture, Bienvenido Lumbera

Kritika Kultura

Rendering a literary work into another language requires more than plain profi- ciency in the original language of the piece. Culture and history are so meshed in language that translation requires the translator to delve into the context that went into the creation of the literary text. This paper is based on the work that went into the making of my translation into Tagalog of four plays coming from differ- ent countries and climes. The plays confronted me with four different cultural and historical contexts that required to be clarified to make the translations reasonably faithful to the original works.

Go to article

Translation And The Problem Of Realism In Philippine Literature In English, J. Neil C. Garcia Dec 2024

Translation And The Problem Of Realism In Philippine Literature In English, J. Neil C. Garcia

Kritika Kultura

To the degree that Philippine literature in English is translational it cannot be realistic: realism is a signifying practice that presupposes a monocultural ground, upon which the “consensus” of representational fidelity can happen. And yet, much of the criticism of this literature, as produced by Filipinos themselves, has generally failed to take note of this crucial precondition, enacting a ruinous category mistake that, among other things, unwittingly confounds contemporary departures from the referential towards the “avant-garde” and/or antimimetic modes, as these are espoused by young Filipino poets and fictionists alike. Finally, this paper argues that the various literary practices encoded …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last