Digital Commons Network^™

High Fat, High Sucrose Diet Promotes Increased Expression Of Ace2 Receptor In The Siv-Infected Host: Implications For Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Elizabeth C. Delery, Danielle E. Levitt, Angela M. Amedee, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Introduction: People with pre-existing conditions, including metabolic comorbidities, are at greater risk for complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection and expression of machinery required for viral entry into host cells may be a contributing factor. This study tested the hypothesis that high fat, high sucrose diet (HFSD) and alcohol use increase expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in tissues isolated from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected macaques, the most clinically relevant model for the study of HIV. Methods: Biospecimens obtained from a longitudinal study of SIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) …

Enhancing Recovery: Surgical Techniques And Rehabilitation Strategies After Direct Anterior Hip Arthroplasty, Alberto Di Martino, Christopher Keating, Micahel J. Butsick, Daniela Platano, Lisa Berti, Louis N. Hunter, Cesare Faldini

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure for hip joint pathologies, with the direct anterior approach (DAA) gaining popularity due to potential benefits in postoperative recovery. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of rehabilitation strategies following DAA THA, focusing on surgical techniques, postoperative care, and outcomes. The evolution of the DAA to THA is discussed, highlighting historical advancements and comparisons with other surgical approaches. Surgical techniques and considerations specific to the DAA are detailed, including outcomes and complications compared to alternative approaches. The role of the surgical technique in influencing postoperative rehabilitation is explored, emphasizing the …

Estimation Of Bovine Tuberculosis Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, And Public Health Significance In District Dera Ismail Khan, Arsalan Khan, Akhtar Ali, Umm E. Aimen, Wasim Ullah, Imtiaz Khan, Qamar Ullah, Baqir Hussain, Muneeb Ur Rahman

Journal of Bioresource Management

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is zoonotic disease of global concern, affecting both animal and human populations. To estimate the prevalence of bovine TB in District Dera Ismail Khan and identify associated risk factors. A total of 138 cattle from different herds were included in the survey, and diagnostic tests, including the tuberculin skin test and Ziehl Neelsen stain, were employed. The results revealed a high prevalence of bovine TB, with an estimated prevalence of 10.87 % in the study area. Prevalence analysis based on tehsils revealed varying rates: 6.66 % in Dera Ismail Khan, 11.11 % in Kulachi, and 14.81 % …

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern And Esbl Prevalence In Nosocomial Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection In Kpk, Peshawar, Muhammad Fawad, Noha E Abdel-Razik, Zain Alhindi, Muhammad Usman Amin, Eman Adnan Abu-Seer, Mashael S.Alfaifi, Murad Ali, Farkad Bantun, Sheraz Dawar, Suleman Khan, Saad Alghamdi

Journal of Bioresource Management

The study aimed to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase prevalence in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections. Total fifty (50) samples of E. coli were obtained from urinary tract infection specimens in Hayatabad Medical Complex and private clinics in Peshawar, Pakistan. The present study obtained 50 E. coli isolates from 100 UTI specimens. The plates were incubated at 35 to 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. Different biochemical tests were carried out to identify the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and ESBL screening were done per the CLSI (2023) guidelines. The disc diffusion method was used to determine …

A Comprehensive Study On One Health Strategy And Public Health Effects Of Salmonella, Muhammad Aqeel, Amjad Hussain Mirani, Parvez Ahmed Khoso, Jam Kashif Sahito, Riaz Ahmed Leghari, Abdul Latif Bhutto, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon, Abdul Azeem Khoso, Rasool Bux, Azmat Aliasn Arsalan Ali

Journal of Bioresource Management

Salmonella poses a significant public health challenge due to its antibiotic resistance, zoonotic transmission, and diverse clinical manifestations. Over 60 % of human diseases are zoonotic, influenced by ecological dynamics and human activities such as land use changes, population growth, and international travel. Foodborne diseases, particularly those caused by Salmonella spp., have a substantial global impact, especially in low-income countries. Salmonella is divided into two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori, with more than 2000 serotypes and six subspecies within S. enterica. This bacterium is highly adaptable, surviving extreme conditions such as drying, high salt concentrations, and acidic …

Brucellosis And Its Diagnostic Techniques In Animals: A Comprehensive Review, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon, Amjad Hussain Mirani, Jam Kashif Sahito, Abdul Latif Bhutto, Pervez Ahmed Khoso, Riaz Ahmed Laghari, Asmatullah Kaka, Muhammad Aqeel, Ghulam Rasool Rahimmon

Journal of Bioresource Management

Brucellosis is a highly zoonotic infection found in animals and human, it has a high death ratio and lifetime sterility rate. The rates of intra- and interspecific infections have dramatically increased in recent years as a result of inadequate management and scarce resources particularly in developing nations. In cattle, reduced milk yield and elevated body temperature are the primary indicators, whereas in humans, soaring fever, overall malaise, and arthritis are the hallmarks of late-term abortion. Despite the fact that this diseases in animals and humans found unclear clinically, it will leads towards the hindrance in diagnosing this infectious illness serologically, …

Understanding International And Regional Partnerships For Sustainable Development Goals In Higher Education: A Focus On The Asia Pacific Region, Ella Joy A. Ponce, Catherine Joy T. Escuadra

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are universal, indivisible, and transformative objectives set by the United Nations to guide global development. Achieving these goals requires collaboration between industry, government, and academia. Higher education institutions (HEIs) play a crucial role in this process due to their contributions to research, innovation, and knowledge dissemination. Previous reviews have underscored the need for more publications and collaborations among HEIs related to SDGs both globally and regionally. However, no comprehensive review exists for the Asia Pacific region. This review aims to analyze the status and evolution of higher education for sustainable development research in the Asia …

Nurse Managers' Experiences In Managing Inpatient Wards During A Crisis: Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Andi Baso Tombong, Ani Auli Ilmi

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons for all parties, including nursing services in hospitals. To date, literature has been lacking on the role of nurse managers in managing inpatient wards for COVID-19 patients, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the experiences of, and the challenges encountered by nurse managers in managing inpatient wards during the crisis. This is a qualitative study with a phenomenology design. The study used a purposive sampling technique involving four nurse managers from several hospitals in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using thematic analysis. This …

Evaluation Of Therapeutic Efficacy Of Aloe Rabaiensis Leaf Against Salmonella Gallinarum Challenged In Kuroiler Chicks In Arusha, Tanzania, Mwanaisha S. Mkangara

Tanzania Journal of Science

Salmonella gallinarum, a bacterium causing fowl typhoid in gallinaceous birds, poses significant economic challenges to the chicken industry in Tanzania. This study investigated the potential of Aloe rabaiensis in managing S. gallinarum in Kuroiler chicks. The clinical signs, viable cell count, live weight, heterophils, lymphocytes, and monocyte counts were evaluated using ninety-four chicks grouped into T1, T2, T3 (challenged with S. gallinarum), and T4 (unchallenged with S. gallinarum). The findings revealed no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups (P > 0.05) in viable cell count, live weight, mortality rate, heterophils, lymphocytes, and monocyte counts. However, there were clinical …

Opportunities For Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Beyond Conventional Antibiotics, Camilia Metadea Aji Savitri, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Ricky Indra Alfaray, Hafeza Aftab, Ari Fahrial Syam, Masrul Lubis, Yoshio Yamaoka, Muhammad Miftahussurur

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium known to be associated with a significant risk of gastric cancer in addition to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and MALT lymphoma. Although only a small percentage of patients infected with H. pylori develop gastric cancer, Gastric cancer causes more than 750,000 deaths worldwide, with 90% of cases being caused by H. pylori. The eradication of this bacterium rests on multiple drug regimens as guided by various consensus. However, the efficacy of empirical therapy is decreasing due to antimicrobial resistance. In addition, biofilm formation complicates eradication. As the search for new antibiotics …

Assessing The Response Results Of An Mhealth-Based Patient Experience Survey Among People Receiving Hiv Care In Lusaka, Zambia: Cohort Study, Jacob Mutale, Kombatende Sikombe, Boroma Mwale, Mwansa Lumpa, Sandra Simbeza, Chama Bukankala, Njekwa Mukamba, Aaloke Mody, Laura K Beres, Charles B Holmes, Carolyn Bolton Moore, Elvin H Geng, Izukanji Sikazwe, Jake M Pry

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of mobile talk-time incentives in maintaining participation in a longitudinal mobile health (mHealth) data collection program among people living with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia. While mHealth tools, such as mobile phone surveys, provide vital health feedback, optimal incentive strategies to ensure long-term engagement remain limited. This study explores how different incentive levels affect response rates in multiple survey rounds, providing insights into effective methods for encouraging ongoing participation, especially in the context of Zambia's prepaid mobile system and multi-SIM usage, a common practice in sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the …

50 Universities Working On Research In Public Health Technologies, Angie Holzer, Erica Bassett

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Joni September 2024 Full Issue, Angie Holzer

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Research Summaries: Global Health, Lakell Archer, Sumaya Ali, Erica Jensen

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Global Burden Of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis With Forecasts To 2050, Gbd 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, Geminn Louis C. Apostol

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for 2019, followed with additional publications that provided more detailed estimates for several WHO regions by country. To date, there have been no studies that produce comprehensive estimates of AMR burden across locations that encompass historical trends and future forecasts.

Methods

We estimated all-age and age-specific deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 22 pathogens, 84 pathogen–drug combinations, and 11 infectious syndromes in 204 countries and territories from …

A Framework For Human Evaluation Of Large Language Models In Healthcare Derived From Literature Review, Thomas Yu Chow Tam, Sonish Sivarajkumar, Sumit Kapoor, Alisa V Stolyar, Katelyn Polanska, Karleigh R Mccarthy, Hunter Osterhoudt, Xizhi Wu, Shyam Visweswaran, Sunyang Fu, Piyush Mathur, Giovanni E Cacciamani, Cong Sun, Yifan Peng, Yanshan Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, assessing LLMs with human evaluations is essential to assuring safety and effectiveness. This study reviews existing literature on human evaluation methodologies for LLMs in healthcare across various medical specialties and addresses factors such as evaluation dimensions, sample types and sizes, selection, and recruitment of evaluators, frameworks and metrics, evaluation process, and statistical analysis type. Our literature review of 142 studies shows gaps in reliability, generalizability, and applicability of current human evaluation practices. To overcome such significant obstacles to healthcare LLM developments and deployments, we …

Urinary Tract Infection Caused By Gardnerella Vaginalis In A 6 Week Old Infant, Rhythm Sharma, Malika Goel, Ruba Barbar

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Gardnerella vaginalis is a frequent cause of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in adults. However, G. vaginalis infection is infrequent in infants. Only a few cases of G. vaginalis UTI have been reported so far in infants and none in the United States.

Case Description: A 6-week-old female, ex full-term at 39 3/7 weeks via vaginal delivery with no significant postnatal medical history, presented with a 2-day history of fever, mild cough, and congestion.

In the emergency department, the patient was febrile to 38.1°C, pulse 139 beats/minute, respiratory rate 34 breaths/minute, and SpO2 98% on room air. She was active and …

Inorganic Polyphosphate Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth Via Trpm8 Receptor Signaling Pathway, Valentina Arrè, Chen Shen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and features high-energy-supply molecules that assure tumor growth. A still less studied macromolecule is inorganic polyphosphate (iPolyP), a high-energy linear polymer that is ubiquitous in all forms of life. Made up of hundreds of repeated orthophosphate units, iPolyP is essential for a wide variety of functions in mammalian cells, including the regulation of proliferative signaling pathways. Some evidence has suggested its involvement in carcinogenesis, although more studies need to be pursued. Moreover, iPolyP regulates several homeostatic processes in animals, spanning from energy metabolism to blood coagulation and tissue regeneration.

RESULTS: …

Broad Applicability Of The Goldspire™ Platform For The Treatment Of Solid Tumors, Jenny Zilberberg, Christopher Uhl, Charles B Scott, David W. Andrews, Mark A Exley

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Goldspire™ is a personalized immunotherapy platform that combines whole tumor-derived cells with antisense oligonucleotide (IMV-001) against Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) in biodiffusion chambers (BDCs; 0.1 μm pore). BDCs are exposed to 5-6 Gy and implanted at abdominal sites for ∼48 h to deliver an antigenic payload and immunostimulatory factors to train the immune system. Lead product IGV-001 was evaluated in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM) patients in Phase 1a and 1b trials (NCT02507583). A Phase 2b study (NCT04485949) recently completed enrollment. Preventative treatment with tumor-specific products manufactured with Goldspire limited tumor progression and extended overall survival in mice challenged with …

"Finding Your People: Seeking Strength And Solidarity In Employee Resource Groups (Ergs)" - The One Club For Creativity's "Where Are All The Black People?" 2024 Conference Proceedings & Reading List, Javier O. Garcia

Publications and Research

Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) help create community in the workplace, and can serve as a source of strength for employees of marginalized identities.

This panel, originally held at The One Club for Creativity's "Where Are All the Black People?" conference and career fair in 2024, explores the value of intersectional identities in the workplace.

The featured panelists offer insights into the changing landscape of DE&I (diversity, equity, & inclusion) - particularly in the advertising, marketing communications, and creative industries - the impact it is having on employees, and how ERGs can serve as a catalyst for professional and organizational growth. …

Delusive Nature Of Flip-Flop Sign Secondary To Histoplasmosis, Omer Riyadh, Omron Hassan, Yashwanth Yerramalla

Student Publications

Histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, often mimics the appearance of lung cancer on fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The “flip-flop fungus,” due to its similar presentation on imaging modalities, can lead to false-positive results and unnecessary invasive testing. We present a 46-year-old male patient with a lung nodule and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on an FDG-PET scan who initially presented with chest discomfort. Histoplasma infection was confirmed through Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) stains on bronchoscopy-guided biopsy specimens. An analysis of additional cases from the literature highlighted the diverse clinical presentations and outcomes associated with this condition that may be …

The "Pros" Of Probiotics: A Review Of Probiotics Place In Therapy, Kelley Maberry, Hanh Nguyen, Connor Quinter, Justine Magalona

Transformative Medicine

As different probiotic supplements become increasingly seen in the market, questions regarding their use for gut health from patients rises as well. Because these supplements do not require FDA approval, their safety and efficacy is often unknown and limited research available poses an even greater challenge for healthcare providers when prompted with questions regarding their use. This article summarizes evidence-based recommendations provided by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO). Of the conditions discussed, supportive evidence on the use of probiotics is mostly seen in the prevention of C. diff associated diarrhea, prevention of antibiotic associated …

Catastrophic Spontaneous Uterine And Bladder Rupture In An Unscarred Uterus, Nathanael N. Hoskins Do, Kathryn Brandt Do, Tory Peterson Md

Transformative Medicine

Introduction:

Uterine rupture during pregnancy is a rare event which can be life-threatening for both the patient and the fetus. This case report describes a rare complication of uterine rupture which ultimately required a hysterectomy and extensive urologic reconstruction.

Case Description:

A 36-year-old patient presented to the hospital after term pre-labor rupture of membranes. The patient underwent induction of labor which ultimately resulted in a uterine rupture in an unscarred uterus. The rupture extended into the posterior bladder wall, right ureter, urethra, and anterior vaginal wall, resulting in a vesicovaginal fistula. The patient required a cesarean hysterectomy due to the …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - September 26, 2024, Lindsay Hughes

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the Thursday, September 26, 2024 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter -- Watercooler.

• Infectious diseases physician-researcher joins internal medicine faculty
• Augustine to present case report at American Academy of Pediatrics National Convention
• Blueprint for Success aims to empower new academic physicians and scientists
• Lunch & Learn to focus on promotion and tenure
• Whiddon COM welcomes alumna Carly McRae to emergency medicine

At A Crossroads: The Crucial Role Of Pharmacists In Healthcare Teams To End The Hiv Epidemic, Jerika Lam, Jennifer M. Cocohoba

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Therapeutic advances in treatment and prevention have slowed the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, yet the virus and complications related to it still claim an alarming 630,000 lives globally every year.^1,2 The United States’ goals for the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative include reducing new infections by 90% by the year 2030 and advancing health equity through key treatment and prevention initiatives.³ Multiple agencies, professions, and patient groups are working diligently to achieve the EHE goals. Pharmacists have long recognized that our profession is a key resource in ending the HIV epidemic. We demonstrate this in the …

Relationship Between Shortage Of Nursing Staff And Covid-19 Mortality And Infection In Rural And Urban Nursing Homes In The State Of Minnesota, Annam Asif Inayatullah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges for nursing homes in the United States, including those in Minnesota, due to shortages of nursing staff and the impact on resident care quality. This study aimed to assess the relationship between nursing staff shortages and COVID-19 mortality and infections among nursing home residents in Minnesota. The analysis used data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services public database, considering rural and urban locations. The independent variables were nursing staff shortages, and the dependent variables were COVID-19 total resident deaths and COVID-19 total resident infections in nursing homes in Minnesota. Following the Donabedian theory, …

Effect Of An In-Home Palivizumab Administration Program For Children With Medical Complexity, Hina Emanuel, Aravind Yadav, Julie C Eapan, Maria Caldas-Vasquez, Tomika S Harris, Katrina Mcbeth, Fatima Boricha, Janice John, Ivan G Magana Ceballos, Giuseppe N Colasurdo, Maria E Tellez, Tina Reddy, Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas, Ricardo A Mosquera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: In-home palivizumab administration programs (PH) have shown promise in reducing RSV-associated infections. These programs may be particularly beneficial for children with medical complexity (CMC) by limiting their exposure to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) from non-RSV-related pathogens during transportation and visits to medical facilities.

Methods: In this prospective study, 41 children with CMC less than 2 years of age were randomized by their health insurance to receive PH or in the clinic (PC) during the RSV season (October 2018-April 2019). Patients were stratified by home ventilation. The primary outcome was the total number of face-to-face encounters. Secondary outcomes were unscheduled clinic …

Unless We Confront Antimicrobial Resistance Now, We Risk The Consequences Of A Post-Antibiotic Society, Lovleen Tina Joshi

Peninsula Dental School

The UK government’s five year antimicrobial resistance national action plan will need to tackle the lack of progress and a rapidly declining workforceAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobial medicines is already disrupting medicine and adversely affecting patient treatment.1 Efforts have been made internationally to reduce overuse of antimicrobials and to preserve them for future generations, but there is still much to be done. The UK will be at the forefront of these efforts nationally and internationally with its national action plan (NAP)2 that sets out five years of …

The Water-Climate Nexus: Intersections Across Sectors, Thushara Gunda, Alida A. Cantor, Emily Grubert, Angela R. Harris, Yolanda J. Mcdonald

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Water security and climate change are important priorities for communities and regions worldwide. The intersections between water and climate change extend across many environmental and human activities. This Primer is intended as an introduction, grounded in examples, for students and others considering the interactions between climate, water, and society. In this Primer, we summarize key intersections between water and climate across four sectors: environment; drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene; food and agriculture; and energy. We begin with an overview of the fundamental water dynamics within each of these four sectors, and then discuss how climate change is impacting water and …

Molecular Testing Of Environmental Samples As A Potential Source To Estimate Parasite Infection, Rojelio Mejia, Barton Slatko, Cristina Almazan, Ruben Cimino, Alejandro Krolewiecki, Natalia Montellano Duran, Jacob Edwin Valera Aspetty, Paola Andrea Vargas, Chiara Cássia Oliveira Amorim, Stefan Michael Geiger, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Juan David Ramirez, Luz Marina Llangarí-Arizo, Irene Guadalupe, Liliana E Villanueva-Lizama, Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan, María Leticia Ojeda, Eva Mereles Aranda, Sandra Ocampos Benedetti, Maritza Dalí Camones Rivera, Eddyson Montalvo Sabino, Carlos Pineda, Eric J Wetzel, Philip J Cooper

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We discuss the potential usefulness of molecular testing of soil, dust, and water samples to detect medically important parasites, and where such testing could be used to supplement stool sampling in humans. A wide variety of parasites including protozoa and helminths, many of which are zoonotic, have an important infection reservoir in the environment. In some cases, this environmental period is essential for further parasite development. We describe the progress in implementing methods for the molecular detection of these parasites in soil across eight collaborating centers in Latin America and represent a variety of potential applications in improving our understanding …