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The Future Of Human Germline Genome Editing: Analyzing He Jiankui’S Experiment, Amanda Bolton

Saint John’s Preparatory School Student Work

When He Jiankui announced the births of twins Lulu and Nana, the first genome-edited babies, the scientific community responded in an uproar, raising questions about the implications of human germline genome editing (GGE). This paper examines the intricate medical, ethical, and social aspects of Jiankui's experiment. Advocates argue that GGE could eradicate genetic disorders and enhance disease resistance, particularly targeting diseases like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) through techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9. However, critics emphasize ethical concerns relating to the potential for eugenics, unintended genetic consequences, and the autonomy of future generations. Off-target mutations could lead to permanent problems, as modifications …

Covid-19 And Access To Healthcare At The Crossing Of Race, Poverty, And Rurality, Shavonnie R. Carthens

Journal of Law and Health

Black Americans make up 7.7 percent of the rural population in the United States. During the COVID-19 pandemic many in this population found themselves at a unique intersection of inequity - being Black, poor, and residing in a rural area. Poverty is a known contributor to negative health outcomes and is a risk factor for death from coronavirus infection. The association between race and poverty, when examining infectivity and mortality rates of COVID-19, have disproportionately devastated Black Americans and other minorities. Further, research indicates the presence of a general “rural mortality penalty” wherein rural Black communities have higher death rates …

A Rare Case Of Pulmonary Nocardiosis With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Superinfection In An Immunocompromised Patient, Kevin Liu, Md, Samuel Shulimson, Do, Herbert Patrick, Md

Jefferson Health - Northeast Posters (formerly Aria Health Posters)

Introduction

Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection with over two thirds occurring in those who are immunocompromised [1] or who have undergone solid organ transplants [2]. Here, we present a unique case of pulmonary Nocardiosis complicated by superimposed Pseudomonas infection.

Transcript: Rethinking Federalism In Health Care, Allison Whelan

Journal of Law and Health

The following is a transcript from Racial Disparities and Outcomes presented at Cleveland State University College of Law by the Journal of Law and Health on Friday, February 9, 2024. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and to reflect updates in the relevant law since the time of transcription.

Unshackled: Why Eliminating Health Disparities Requires That Our Criminal Justice System Set Incarcerated Mothers And Their Developing Children Free, Angela Dixon

Journal of Law and Health

Incarceration of pregnant nonviolent offenders takes not only the pregnant mother captive but also her unborn child. Kept in unnecessary captivity, these innocent children may experience adverse childhood experiences (“ACES”) or lifelong damage to their physical and mental health. The experiences may be the same for children born already to the mother, as they endure the suffering of parental separation during the mother’s absence. In terms of racial health disparities, such captivity presents at least a triple threat—harm to the health of the mother, harm to the health of the unborn fetus, and harm to the health of children born …

Staff Education To Nurses Of Five Departments Performing Point-Of-Use Treatment, Natalia G. Nunez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Staff Education to Nurses of Five Departments Performing Point-of-Use Treatment by Natalia G. Nunez MPH, Walden University, 2019 BS, Florida International University, 2011 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University November 2024 Point-of-use treatment (POU) treatment is the first step of sterilization, and it is critical for staff performing this process to undergo proper education and training as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Performing proper POU treatment reduces the risk of infections in patients and extends the life of the instruments and devices. A …

A Validated Method For Non-Invasive Urine Collection In Sodium Polyacrylate-Based Diapers For Pcr Detection Of Uropathogens, Tyler Vine, Rob E. Carpenter, Debbie Bridges

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

This dataset provides information from a study that validates a method for non-invasive urine collection utilizing sodium polyacrylate-based diapers, designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of uropathogens. The dataset includes samples from 17 participants, comprising seven clinically contrived samples inoculated with known uropathogens and ten samples collected from volunteers wearing sodium polyacrylate-based diapers. The study involved optimizing urine extraction from the diaper matrices, ensuring minimal loss of diagnostic sensitivity for downstream quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. The qPCR targeted 22 uropathogens, six fungal species, and 18 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, providing comprehensive molecular characterization of urinary pathogens. Comparative analyses were …

The Relationship Between Snacking And Sugar, Salt, Fat Intake On Nutritional Status Of Adolescents Of Smkn 30 Jakarta, Khoirul Anwar, Syifa Aulia Putri

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and fat including from snacks can increase the risk of obesity or being overweight. The objective of this study to analyze the relationship between snacking and sugar, salt, and fat intake on nutritional status in adolescents. This design is cross-sectional with a sample of 90 grade X students at SMKN 30 Jakarta. The data collected include physical activity data using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), snacking habit data, frequency of sugar, salt, and fat consumption using the SQ-FFQ. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between snacking habits …

Risk-Stratified Treatment For Drug-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Vincent K Chang, Marjorie Z Imperial, Patrick P J Phillips, Gustavo E Velásquez, Payam Nahid, Andrew Vernon, Ekaterina V Kurbatova, Susan Swindells, Richard E Chaisson, Susan E Dorman, John L Johnson, Marc Weiner, Amina Jindani, Thomas Harrison, Erin E Sizemore, William Whitworth, Wendy Carr, Kia E Bryant, Deron Burton, Kelly E Dooley, Melissa Engle, Pheona Nsubuga, Andreas H Diacon, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Rodney Dawson, Radojka M Savic, Aids Clinical Trial Group, Tuberculosis Trials Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Phase 3 randomized controlled trial, TBTC Study 31/ACTG A5349 (NCT02410772) demonstrated that a 4-month rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis was safe and effective. The primary efficacy outcome was 12-month tuberculosis disease free survival, while the primary safety outcome was the proportion of grade 3 or higher adverse events during the treatment period. We conducted an analysis of demographic, clinical, microbiologic, radiographic, and pharmacokinetic data and identified risk factors for unfavorable outcomes and adverse events. Among participants receiving the rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen, low rifapentine exposure is the strongest driver of tuberculosis-related unfavorable outcomes (HR 0.65 for every 100 µg∙h/mL increase, …

Type I Met Inhibitors Cooperate With Pd-1 Blockade To Promote Rejection Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Ricardo Deazevedo, Madeline Steiner, Broderick X Turner, Arthur Liu, Sherwin Newton, Joanna Schmidt, Rachel Fleming, Angelica Tolentino, Ahmed O Kaseb, Michael A Curran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Blockade of the immune checkpoints programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 has improved outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet most still fail to achieve objective clinical benefit. MET plays key roles in both HCC tumorigenesis and immunosuppressive conditioning; however, inhibition of MET causes upregulation of PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) suggesting the use of these inhibitors in the context of PD-1 blockade. We sought to investigate across the Hepa1-6, HCA-1 and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) models of HCC whether the combination of more specific type I versus more pleiotropic type II MET inhibitors would confer superior outcomes in combination with …

Transforming Nursing Practice With Lessons From Nursing History, Karen M. O'Connell

Leadership Connection

Nursing is a young profession; however, we have not learned from our predecessors. We chose to evaluate current nursing practice with a look to our past as presented in the media. Both positive and negative changes in nursing practice were explored. History informs nursing's transformation if we listen.

Job Satisfaction In Relation To Communication In Healthcare Among Nurses: Practical Recommendations, Peter Vermeir, Sophie Degroote, Dominique Vandijck, Rik Verhaeghe, Dirk Vogelaers, An Mariman

Leadership Connection

Effective communication and teamwork are essential to provide high-quality care and patient safety. Poor communication can lead to various negative outcomes, such as discontinuity of care and compromise of patient safety. Participants can expect recommendations for improvement of communication and communication satisfaction as a prerequisite for increased job satisfaction.

Education Through Virtual Methodologies: An Innovative Way To Increase Staff Compliance And Engagement, Jahmela Pech

Leadership Connection

This Performance Improvement Project shows how the use of virtual methodologies such as a monthly education page increase staff engagement and compliance in completing required education topics. The problem was first identified when nursing staff education compliance was 10-20 percent.

Supervised Physical Activity And Improved Functional Capacity Among Adults Living With Hiv: A Systematic Review, Natalie Voigt, Hwayoung Cho, Rebecca Schnall

Leadership Connection

Physical Activity (PA) combats effects of multi-morbidity and ART in people with HIV (PWH). We investigated whether supervised PA improved functional capacity in PWH. Supervised aerobic/progressive resistance training (PRT) improved strength, cardiovascular, and flexibility outcomes. PRT improved strength. T'ai chi improved cardiovascular and flexibility outcomes. Self-report wasn't a reliable assessment.

Social Determinants Of Caregiver Health, Dawn M. Turnage

Leadership Connection

A systematic review was performed analyzing 11 articles and found that low income and female gender are social determinants of health that contribute to lower quality of life in caregivers.

Evaluation Of A Clean Delivery Kit Intervention In Preventing Umbilical Cord Infections In Monrovia, Liberia, Wendy Post, Odel Fayiah, Charlene Denyse Whitaker-Brown, Sharon Davies, Catherine Cooper

Leadership Connection

The project's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness, impact, and rate of infant umbilical cord infection when community health care workers/ midwives utilized clean delivery kits in under-resourced areas of Monrovia, Liberia. A descriptive-exploratory design study was conducted to determine the rate of kit utilization,infection rate; with retrospective chart review.

Servant Leadership And Research: Using Both To Build Sustainable Service Projects, Linda S. Johanson

Leadership Connection

Session presented on Monday, September 19, 2016:

Nursing is a caring profession, and because of this, nurses are often drawn to volunteer for situations such as medical mission work or disaster outreach, where the skills of a health care professional are needed and appreciated. However, one of the criticisms of short-term medical service projects in developing countries is that they lack sustainability. A team enters a culture for a brief period of time, and when they leave there are no lasting changes to the host community. The content in this presentation relates to the conference theme of leadership success, specifically …

Nurses As Leaders In Disaster Preparedness And Response: A Call To Action, Tener Goodwin Veenema, Anne R. Griffin, Alicia R. Gable, Linda M. Macintyre, Elaine L. Larson, Roberta Proffitt Lavin, Mary Pat Couig, John J. Walsh, Nadine Simons, Aram Dobalian

Leadership Connection

Session presented on Monday, September 19, 2016:

This project was an exploratory qualitative study to systematically identify relevant themes in the practice of disaster nursing. The aims of the project were to engage subject matter experts to develop a vision for the future of disaster nursing, to identify barriers to achieving that vision, and to synthesize their collective recommendations for nursing practice, education, policy, and research. The Call to Action includes a broad audience that includes nurses, employers, voluntary organizations, educators, policy makers, and researchers.

Ap4np: Academic Partnerships For Nurse Practitioner Students - Creating Designated Preceptorships In Primary Care Clinics, Constance J. Creech, Janet M. Paulson, Tiffany J. Bishop, Margaret Andrews, Denise Cooper

Leadership Connection

Session presented on Monday, September 19, 2016:

Purpose Statement: The University of Michigan-Flint Department of Nursing (UM-Flint DON) is providing and evaluating Academic Partnerships with Primary Care Clinics to create designated clinical training preceptorships for nurse practitioner (NP) students. The UM-Flint DON has experienced the same challenges to APRN clinical education that has been noted nationwide: an increase in enrollment in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) NP programs, a lack of available clinical sites with qualified preceptors, and competition for sites with other educational programs (Fitzgerald, Kantrowitz-Gordon, Katz & Hirsh, 2012). The creation …

The Unethical Treatment Of Psychiatric Patients, Brittany L. Sullivan

Leadership Connection

Session presented on Thursday, September 25, 2014:

The healthcare system aims to provide appropriate support and treatment to enhance the quality of a persons emotional and psychological health. However, the United States has not fulfilled this aim when providing patient centered care to people with mental illnesses, and consequently, they have unmet needs for healthcare. Annually, approximately 30% of people, will be diagnosed with a mental illness. A national report card of the United States, observing each states service to psychiatric patients, revealed that treatment for psychiatric patients is not at an optimal level. One category in this report observed …

El Projecto De Agua Pura/ The Clean Water Project: An International Partnership, Christina M. Salpietro

Leadership Connection

Session presented on Thursday, September 25, 2014: Sigma Theta Tau International 2014 Leadership Connection, September 24-27, 2014, Indianapolis, IN: El Projecto de Agua Pura; The Clean Water Project: An International Partnership; Christina Salpietro, Senior nursing student, and Corrie Hansen, Junior nursing student. Advisors: Kim Larson, PhD, RN and Deby Tyndall, MSN, RN, Beta Nu Chapter. Unsafe drinking water is a significant but treatable problem in Guatemala. More infant and child deaths can be attributed to the use of contaminated water than any other cause. Since 2008, nursing faculty from East Carolina University (ECU) College of Nursing have conducted a 3-week …

Effectiveness Of Central Venous Catheter Needleless Connectors & Protective Caps In Reducing Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections, Susan K. Nelson

Leadership Connection

Session presented on Thursday, September 25, 2014:

Background and Significance: There are approximately 250,000 central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) in the U.S. each year. The CLABSI mortality rate in the U.S. is as high as 35%, resulting in 28,000 deaths per year. The development of a CLABSI can increase the hospital length of stay by up to three weeks and has an estimated cost of $16,550.00 (CDC, 2011). The implementation of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion bundles and CVC care and maintenance bundles has been effective in decreasing the incidence of CLABSIs; however, the use of needleless connectors on …

Influenza Education To Improve Vaccination Rates Among College Students, Shelley Vaughn

Group: Northern Arizona University School of Nursing, DNP Doctoral Papers

Objective: The purpose of this project was to provide influenza vaccine education and improve vaccine uptake among Eastern Arizona College dormitory residents. College students living in dormitories are considered a high-risk population for influenza, and the current vaccination rate for this age group is reported as 41.1% nationally, compared to Healthy People 2020’s goal for influenza vaccination of 80%.

Participants: The population comprised 300 Eastern Arizona College dormitory residents aged 18 and older.

Methods: During back-to-school week, students participated in an influenza education intervention. At 4 weeks post-intervention, a 10-item follow-up survey was administered electronically to measure the impact of …

Implementing A Community Education Campaign To Improve Prenatal Care Among Navajo Women, Adrien J. Gupton

Group: Northern Arizona University School of Nursing, DNP Doctoral Papers

Early and consistent prenatal care (PNC) is essential to preventing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite the recommendations made by the World Health Organization and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, childbearing women with health disparities living in rural settings are at an increased risk of experiencing inadequate PNC compared to their urban counterparts. The literature search suggests that limited access to PNC, childcare during the PNC visit, health care provider's perceptions of patients, and provider mistrust are barriers to early and consistent PNC. Growing research is placing a call to health care providers to implement interventions that are …

Recommendations For Promoting Culturally And Resource Appropriate Care For Native American (Na) Patients At Flagstaff Medical Center (Fmc), Aura Leaf Kaila Edmondson

Group: Northern Arizona University School of Nursing, DNP Doctoral Papers

Flagstaff Medical Center (FMC) is a primary referral center for its surrounding Native American (NA) communities. As such, FMC has a unique patient population with distinctive needs related to culture and available resources. This executive summary explores the provision of quality care to NA populations by discussing the execution of a clinician focused education needs assessment, implementation of an education program based upon this data, and synthesis of the experience to provide institutional recommendations for ongoing efforts to optimize the care of NA patients from a cultural and resource perspective.

Procalcitonin As A Prognostic Indicator Of Risk For Sepsis In The Neonate, Tara L. Cecil, Intermountain Healthcare, Janine Marie Saulpaugh, Paul Repass Iii Umberger

Group: Northern Arizona University School of Nursing, DNP Doctoral Papers

Introduction. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker that rises at the onset of bacterial infection while remaining relatively low in other inflammatory processes. Diagnosing serious bacterial infection (SBI) in neonates presenting with fever without a source (FWS) is challenging and utilizing PCT can improve this process. This paper presents a synthesis of the evidence supporting PCT as a prognostic indicator in neonates.

Methodology. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to develop practice recommendations. A guideline, the Intermountain Healthcare Care Process Model (2013), was modified to include PCT, which was then validated by a panel of clinical experts.

Results. Evidence supports the …

Maintenance Copd Medication To Reduce Readmissions And Improve Quality Of Life, Lisa Ann Minahan

Group: Nebraska Methodist College

Purpose: This study examines COPD patients' quality of life after using maintenance inhaler for one year and investigates the effects of maintenance COPD therapy related to exacerbation-related hospital readmissions.

Methods: This capstone project emerged from a larger COPD study. The design was a retrospective longitudinal descriptive project. This descriptive project followed individuals with COPD over time regarding their health status and attitudes towards their quality of life. Participant's quality of life was measured with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-C). The information obtained from the SGRQ-C questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS software.

Data regarding COPD readmissions was obtained …

Prediction Of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale In The Emergency Department, Jacqueline Ellison

Group: Nebraska Methodist College

Background and Review of Literature: Alcohol dependence is a problem nationwide and is often underreported by patients in a healthcare setting. People who suffer from alcohol dependence are likely to experience alcohol withdrawal if they suddenly cease alcohol consumption. The Prediction of Alcohol Withdrawal Severity Scale (PAWSS) is a tool which can identify a patient at risk for alcohol withdrawal. Purpose: The purpose of the project was to screen patients being admitted from the emergency department utilizing PAWSS to identify those at risk for alcohol withdrawal.

Methods: The scores would then be examined within a retrospective chart review on patients …

Implementing A Vaginal Self-Swab Protocol At A Teen Sexual Health Clinic, Kaylee Meilahn, Maria Ruud

Group: National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (NPWH)

Problem Statement: Vaginal speculum exams (VSE's) can inflict discomfort, anxiety, and psychological traumatization in adolescents. Vaginal specimens that are patient-collected by self-swab are equivalent to provider-collected specimens during a VSE for diagnosing gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, and yeast infections. Lacking a protocol for vaginal specimen collection by self-swab is a system barrier to providers consistently offering the option of specimen collection by self-swab.

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to increase the number of vaginal specimens collected by self-swab, decrease the number of speculum exams performed, decrease barriers to screening, and increase patient satisfaction and empowerment.

Background: There has …

Patient Satisfaction And Provider Preference With Otc Topical Azole Antifungal Agents, Mark Martens

Group: National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (NPWH)

Purpose: In the past, patients needed a healthcare provider (HCP) to treat vulvovaginal candida infections (VVC). With the advert of OTC azole treatments, most patients self-treated prior to contacting their HCP. Therefore, most HCP's receive little feedback on the efficacy and satisfaction with OTC products, except with treatment failures. This project sought to give feedback to HCP's regarding the efficacy and satisfaction for OTC agents.

Methodology: From June to October 2015, 2,961 NP/CNM/PA's were enrolled in a topical OTC VVC treatment program. They were given 4 azole topical antifungals to dispense, from 1 to 7 days and surveys regarding their …