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Malaria Parasite, Host, And Drug Dynamics In The Context Of Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment And Hiv-Infection, Justin Goodwin

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Malaria is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality with an estimated 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths in 2022, overwhelmingly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the primary treatment for malaria and combine a potent short-acting artemisinin with a longer-acting partner drug. ACTs rapidly reduce the initial parasite burden, eliminate residual parasites, and provide post-treatment prophylaxis against new infections. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely prescribed ACT globally and in SSA. Unfortunately, ACT efficacy is threatened by widespread resistance in Southeast Asia, and by the emergence of partial artemisinin resistance in SSA. SSA also bears …

Ensuring K-12 School Safety During A Respiratory Viral Pandemic, Dan Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In recent times, the world has witnessed an unprecedented global crisis with the outbreak of COVID-19. This pandemic has not only brought about a paradigm shift in our daily lives but has also significantly impacted various sectors of society, including the education system. K-12 schools are a major concern for viral transmission due to the close social interactions between children, crowded institutional environments, and suboptimal vaccine coverage. Children have close interactions with their household members, who are active in all sectors of society. The K-12 educational landscape has faced an array of challenges in the face of managing the COVID-19 …

Identifying The Multilevel Factors Influencing Provider Recommendations For Adolescent Vaccines, Mallory Kathryn Ellingson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Health care provider (HCP) recommendations are a key predictor of vaccineacceptance among parents of adolescents. However, HCP recommendations for adolescent vaccines are not universal. In order to address disparities in HCP recommendations, we must first understand why recommendations vary. The factors that influence a HCP recommendation are multilevel. At the individual level, a HCP’s own knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about a vaccine can influence how or if they recommend the vaccine to a patient. At the interpersonal level, the characteristics of the patient can impact how a HCP perceives disease risk or need for a vaccine in their patient. At …

Utilizing Meta-Analytical And Causal Inference Methods To Evaluate The Impacts Of Environmental Risk Factors On Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Xiaoting Shi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies in the world. Despite substantial efforts to identify causes and risk factors for NHL over the past few decades, the etiology of NHL is largely unclear. The overarching goal of this three-part dissertation is to use different meta-analytical and causal inference methods to identify and evaluate potential environmental risk factors for NHL. For the first project of this dissertation, we conducted an umbrella review to summarize the range, strength, and consistency of all associations between environmental risk factors and NHL reported in published meta-analyses. We identified 85 meta-analyses of …

An Introduction To The Yanomami Humanitarian Crisis And An Interview With Carlos Messiass On Contemporary Brazilian Indigenous Issues, Ethan Mccullough

Four Valleys Archive Scholarship

The following document covers how the rise of Jair Bolsonaro, based around a coalition of expansionist cattle ranchers and extractive industry representatives, has led to the massive explosion of illegal gold mining within the Yanomami in the Amazon. This increase in mining has led to a rapid increase of malnutrition, malaria, and mercury poisoning within the Yanomami population, as well as a significant rise in violence and human rights abuses. Other topics covered include, the previous increase of illegal mining on Yanomami land in the 1980s, Bolsonaro's anti-Indigenous rhetoric while campaigning for presidency, the role of the U.S. in Operation …

2024 University Research Symposium Program Book, The Graduate School

University Research Symposium Programs

Program book for the 2024 University Research Symposium.

Cell-Type Specific Molecular Expression Levels By Restricted-Dimensional Cytometry, David Kaplan, Hillard M. Lazarus

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Cytometric analysis has been commonly used to delineate distinct cell subpopulations among peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the differential expression of surface receptors. This capability has reached its apogee with high-dimensional approaches such as mass cytometry and spectral cytometry that include simultaneous assessment of 20–50 analytes. Unfortunately, this approach also engenders significant complexity with analytical and interpretational pitfalls. Methods: Here, we demonstrate a complementary approach with restricted-dimensionality to assess cell-type specific intracellular molecular expression levels at exceptional levels of precision. The expression of five analytes was individually assessed in four mononuclear cell-types from peripheral blood. Results: Distinctions in expression …

Transcriptional Signature Of Durable Effector T Cells Elicited By A Replication Defective Hcmv Vaccine, Xiaohua Ye, David J H Shih, Zhiqiang Ku, Junping Hong, Diane F Barrett, Richard E Rupp, Ningyan Zhang, Tong-Ming Fu, W Jim Zheng, Zhiqiang An

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading infectious cause of birth defects and the most common opportunistic infection that causes life-threatening diseases post-transplantation; however, an effective vaccine remains elusive. V160 is a live-attenuated replication defective HCMV vaccine that showed a 42.4% efficacy against primary HCMV infection among seronegative women in a phase 2b clinical trial. Here, we integrated the multicolor flow cytometry, longitudinal T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, and single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing approaches to characterize the magnitude, phenotype, and functional quality of human T cell responses to V160. We demonstrated that V160 de novo induces IE-1 and pp65 specific durable polyfunctional …

Gibbon Surgical Review, Volume 7, Issue 1, 2024

Gibbon Surgical Review

Table of Contents

6 - Socially Responsible Surgery: Better Practices for Better Outcomes

8 - Interview with Dr. Talar Tatarian - Assistant Professor

10 - Global Surgery : Current State and Involvement as a Trainee

12 - Interview with Dr. Ibnouf Sulieman - Transplant Surgery Fellow

14 - Resident Spotlight - Dr. Sam Nasser - PGY3

16 - A Review of the FIRST and SECOND Trials

18 - Residency Signaling in General Surgery

20 - Navigating Competency: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs)

22 - The Effect of Language Barriers on Surgical Outcomes

24 - Research Spotlight: The First Complete Human Eye …

Minding The Gap: An Introduction To Empirical Critical Race Scholarship And Complexity Science (With Resources On Agent-Based Modeling), Kevin P. Lee

North Carolina Civil Rights Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Ghanaian War Against Malaria: A Geospatial Approach To Malaria And Healthcare Access In Ghana, Emmanuel Aklie

Theses

This geospatial research project aims to analyze the complex factors influencing malaria incidence in Ghana, including healthcare access, cultural beliefs, and preventive measures. Using GIS mapping and spatial analysis, the study examines malaria distribution and healthcare facility locations to identify hotspots and access inequalities. Combining quantitative data from sources like Demographic and Health Surveys with qualitative methods like surveys and interviews, the project analyzes the relationship between malaria prevalence and vaccination rates, bed net usage, and cultural views on treatment. By taking a comprehensive approach focused on evidence-based insights, the research seeks to inform targeted interventions by the Ghanaian government …

Avian Diversity And Abundance Among Agricultural Land, Forested Land, And Their Ecotone In Guadalupe, Cerro Punta, Chiriquí Province, Republic Of Panamá., Stella Rae Kinard

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

As the human population increases, finding the balance between modifying land use for resources and protecting areas to preserve species that are threatened by anthropogenic disturbance is an ever growing problem. Guadalupe is a town in the Western Highlands of Panamá that struggles in this balance as its primary income source is agriculture, but it is located on the border of two protected areas, Parque Nacional La Amistad and Parque Nacional Volcán Barú. By understanding the unique ways in which avifauna utilize distinct vegetative landscapes, recommendations can be made for management styles of farms in Guadalupe to implement practices that …

A Physiological Approach To Renal Clearance: From Premature Neonates To Adults, Nick Holford, Conor J. O'Hanlon, Karel Allegaert, Brian Anderson, Amilcar Falcão, Nicolas Simon, Yoke Lin Lo, Alison H. Thomson, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Carolina Llanos-Paez, Stefanie Hennig, Linas Mockus, Carl Kirkpatrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Aims: We propose using glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as the physiological basis for distinguishing components of renal clearance. Methods: Gentamicin, amikacin and vancomycin are thought to be predominantly excreted by the kidneys. A mixed-effects joint model of the pharmacokinetics of these drugs was developed, with a wide dispersion of weight, age and serum creatinine. A dataset created from 18 sources resulted in 27,338 drug concentrations from 9,901 patients. Body size and composition, maturation and renal function were used to describe differences in drug clearance and volume of distribution. Results: This study demonstrates that GFR is a predictor of two distinct …

The Correlational Effects Of Academic And Demographic Factors On Nursing Students’ Attrition, Progression, And Completion At A University College Of Nursing, Adebusola A. Obafemi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

High United States nursing student attrition rates have attracted political, organizational, and social interest for numerous reasons. This attrition places financial burdens on the students, results in revenue loss for the college, and exacerbates the existing nursing shortage. Students' success in a nursing program is crucial for nurses to practice nursing. The purpose of this retrospective study was to explore the effects of academic performance and demographic/categorical factors on nursing students' progression and completion at a University College of Nursing in the Southern United States. The target population consisted of students enrolled at the University College of Nursing from January …

Investigation Of Potential Gut Health Biomarkers In Broiler Chicks Challenged By Campylobacter Jejuni And Submitted To A Continuous Water Disinfection Program, Tilemachos Mantzios, Despoina E. Kiousi, Georgia D. Brellou, Georgios A. Papadopoulos, Vangelis Economou, Marili Vasilogianni, Elisavet Kanari, Evanthia Petridou, Ilias Giannenas, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Aglaia Pappa, Alex Galanis, Vasilios Tsiouris

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The exploration of novel biomarkers to assess poultry health is of paramount importance, not only to enhance our understanding of the pathogenicity of zoonotic agents but also to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatments as alternatives to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate potential gut health biomarkers in broiler chicks challenged by Campylobacter jejuni and subjected to a continuous water disinfection program. A total of 144 one-day-old hatched broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates each, according to the following experimental design: Group A received untreated drinking water; Group B received drinking water treated …

The Moderating Effects Of Hiv Relevant Factors On The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence And Intention To Start Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Cisgender Women, Shimrit Keddem, Victoria Frye, Annet Davis, Beryl A Koblin, Hong-Van Tieu, Rachele K Lipsky, Vijay Nandi, Anne M Teitelman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are serious and related public health problems that detrimentally impact women’s health. Because women who experience IPV are more likely to acquire HIV, it is critical to promote HIV prevention strategies, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), that increase autonomy.

Setting:

This study of cis-gender women eligible for HIV PrEP took place between 2017 and 2019 in Philadelphia and New York City.

Methods:

This study aimed to examine the relationship between four types of IPV (control, psychological, psychological, physical, sexual) and intention to start PrEP among PrEP-eligible cisgender women; and assess the extent …

Predicting Antibiotic Resistance In Recreational Areas, Daniela Azevedo

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Functional And Multi-Omics Effects Of An Optimized Crispr-Mediated Furin Depletion In U937 Monocytes, Ruiming Chua, Lijin Wang, Roshni Singaraja, Sujoy Ghosh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The pro-protein convertase FURIN (PCSK3) is implicated in a wide range of normal and pathological biological processes such as infectious diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we performed a systemic inhibition of FURIN in a mouse model of atherosclerosis and demonstrated significant plaque reduction and alterations in macrophage function. To understand the cellular mechanisms affected by FURIN inhibition in myeloid cells, we optimized a CRISPR-mediated gene deletion protocol for successfully deriving hemizygous (HZ) and nullizygous (NZ) FURIN knockout clones in U937 monocytic cells using lipotransfection-based procedures and a dual guide RNA delivery strategy. We observed differences in monocyte and macrophage …

Real-Time Feedback For Hand Hygiene, Joo Ran Park

MSN Student Capstones

No abstract provided.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment For Diabetic Foot Wounds, Holly Nestlerode

MSN Student Capstones

No abstract provided.

The Witch-Hunt For Spies - A Critique Of The China Initiative And National Security’S Outsized Influence In Equal Protection Analysis, Winni Zhang

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

The U.S. Government has increased its focus on Chinese espionage in the last decade in a randomized and unpredictable way. Primarily targeting Chinese scientists and academics, the “China Initiative” has resulted in widespread targeting of individuals based on their race, ethnicity, and national origin. The program was formally terminated and said to now be a part of a broader approach to nation-state threats. However, the outcomes and effect of the economic espionage charges in the last 15 years has greatly skewed towards prosecuting Chinese individuals irrespective of the name of the program. While protections typically exist in the law to …

A Multi-Ancestry Genetic Study Of Pain Intensity In 598,339 Veterans., Sylvanus Toikumo, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Zeal Jinwala, Heng Xu, Divya Saini, Emily E Hartwell, Mirko Pavicic, Kyle A Sullivan, Ke Xu, Daniel A Jacobson, Joel Gelernter, Christopher T Rentsch, Million Veteran Program, Eli Stahl, Martin Cheatle, Hang Zhou, Stephen G Waxman, Amy C Justice, Rachel L Kember, Henry R Kranzler

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Chronic pain is a common problem, with more than one-fifth of adult Americans reporting pain daily or on most days. It adversely affects the quality of life and imposes substantial personal and economic costs. Efforts to treat chronic pain using opioids had a central role in precipitating the opioid crisis. Despite an estimated heritability of 25-50%, the genetic architecture of chronic pain is not well-characterized, in part because studies have largely been limited to samples of European ancestry. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-ancestry meta-analysis of pain intensity in 598,339 participants in the Million Veteran Program, …

From Healing To Happiness, Lauren Hannah

Interior Design Capstones

Animal shelters play a crucial role in providing care and rehabilitation for stray or abandoned dogs. However, there is a growing understanding that rethinking the conventional role of animal shelters can lead to significant improvements in the lives of dogs through specialized behavioral therapy and rehabilitation programs. By implementing these programs, shelters have the potential to regenerate and transform dogs’ lives, enabling them to overcome behavioral challenges and increasing their chances of finding loving adoptive homes.

The focus of these initiatives is to heal and nurture the dogs’ behaviors, addressing underlying issues that may have contributed to their arrival in …

Benefits Of A Community Reentry Intervention For Reentry Self-Efficacy In Homeless Shelter Residents With Past Incarceration, Kathryn E. Hurley

Honors Theses

The U.S. has one of the highest levels of incarceration and recidivism in the world (American Civil Liberties Union, 2022; U.S. Department of Justice, n.d). Several factors contribute to recidivism, including the loss of monetary funds and loss of housing upon incarceration. Homelessness especially predicts recidivism. It has been found to increase the risk of recidivism by almost 50% (Jacobs & Gottlieb, 2020). Within the context of a long-term ongoing participatory community action research Project in homeless shelters (Reeb et al., 2024), this study examined the benefit of reentry support sessions within the homeless shelter environment, with an attempt to …

Adoption Of Ventilator-Associated Event Bundle In Adult Critical Care Population, Renee Christine Hayes

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Problem: The utilization of mechanical ventilatory support is a periodic necessity within critical care. One significant aspect of mechanical ventilatory health management focuses on preventing the sequela of ventilator-associated events (VAE). The societal impact of VAE occurrences weighs heavily on the already burdened registered nurse (RN), health care providers including physicians and advanced practice providers, healthcare system, and overall patient and family wellbeing. Purpose: This project examined if the addition of a ventilator associated event bundle (VB) reduces the occurrence of VAE within the adult patient population requiring mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 hours. Methods: Metric review of VAE …

Russia In A Changing Climate, Debra Javeline, Robert Orttung, Graeme Robertson, Richard Arnold, Andrew Barnes, Laura Henry, Edward Holland, Mariya Omelicheva, Peter Rutland, Edward Schatz, Caress Schenk, Andrei Semenov, Valerie Sperling, Lisa Mcintosh Sundstrom, Mikhail Troitskiy, Judith Twigg, Susanne Wengle

Political Science

Climate change will shape the future of Russia, and vice versa, regardless of who rules in the Kremlin. The world's largest country is warming faster than Earth as a whole, occupies more than half the Arctic Ocean coastline, and is waging a carbon-intensive war while increasingly isolated from the international community and its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Officially, the Russian government argues that, as a major exporter of hydrocarbons, Russia benefits from maintaining global reliance on fossil fuels and from climate change itself, because warming may increase the extent and quality of its arable land, open a new …

Crisis Support Through Policies For Medical Professionals In 2020 And 2021 During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Malik James Fonville-Simmons

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

International Student Crisis Management To Covid-19: A Comparative Analysis Between The United States And South Korea, Jeong Youn Lee, Bawool Hong, Jenny J. Lee

Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Acgme-International In Enhancing Opportunities Of Residents For Advanced Subspecialty Training, James A. Arrighi, Lorraine C. Lewis, Thomas J. Nasca

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Oral Screening Protocol Program: A Doctor Of Nursing Practice Project, Nina Tran Dnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background: An increasing lack of compliance by Registered Nurses (RN) to perform oral health assessments leads to detrimental health concerns. Despite increase of evidence regarding abnormalities, compliance performing health exams are still compromised. Inpatient medical surgical progressive care unit (MSPCU) are even more compromised due to the patient’s comorbidities. Measures to optimize oral health performed by RNs could decrease oral health detriments.

Objectives: The purpose of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a program in order to improve oral care by RNs and identify the abnormalities assessed. The primary aim of this project was to implement …