Digital Commons Network^™

Targeting Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type 1 (Crhr1) Neurons: Validating The Specificity Of A Novel Transgenic Crhr1-Flpo Mouse, Mason Hardy, Yuncai Chen, Tallie Z Baram, Nicholas J Justice

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling through its cognate receptors, CRHR1 and CRHR2, contributes to diverse stress-related functions in the mammalian brain. Whereas CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in choroid plexus and blood vessels, CRHR1 is abundantly expressed in neurons in discrete brain regions, including the neocortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Activation of CRHR1 influences motivated behaviors, emotional states, and learning and memory. However, it is unknown whether alterations in CRHR1 signaling contribute to aberrant motivated behaviors observed, for example, in stressful contexts. These questions require tools to manipulate CRHR1 selectively. Here we describe and validate a novel Crhr1-FlpO mouse. Using bacterial artificial …

Transcriptomic Clustering Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Molecular Subtypes Based On Bruton’S Tyrosine Kinase Expression Levels, Gorkem Kismali, Ganiraju Manyam, Nitin Jain, Cristina Ivan, Betty Lamothe, Mary L Ayres, Lakesla R Iles, William G Wierda, Varsha Gandhi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Historically, CLL prognostication relied on disease burden, reflected in clinical stage. Later, chromosome abnormalities and genomics suggested several CLL subtypes which were aligned with response to therapy. Gene expression profiling data identified pathways associated with CLL progression. We hypothesized that transcriptome and proteome may identify functional omics associated with CLL nosology. As a test cohort, we utilized publicly available treatment-naïve CLL transcriptomics data (n = 130) and did consensus clustering that identified BTK-expression-based clusters. The BTK-High and BTK-Low clusters were validated in public and our in-house databases (n = >550 CLL patients). To associate with functional relevance, we took samples …

Comparison Of Vendor-Pretrained And Custom-Trained Deep Learning Segmentation Models For Head-And-Neck, Breast, And Prostate Cancers, Xinru Chen, Yao Zhao, Hana Baroudi, Mohammad D El Basha, Aji Daniel, Skylar S Gay, Cenji Yu, He Wang, Jack Phan, Seungtaek L Choi, Chelain R Goodman, Xiaodong Zhang, Joshua S Niedzielski, Sanjay S Shete, Laurence E Court, Zhongxing Liao, Fredrik Löfman, Peter A Balter, Jinzhong Yang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/objectives: We assessed the influence of local patients and clinical characteristics on the performance of commercial deep learning (DL) segmentation models for head-and-neck (HN), breast, and prostate cancers.

Methods: Clinical computed tomography (CT) scans and clinically approved contours of 210 patients (53 HN, 49 left breast, 55 right breast, and 53 prostate cancer) were used to train and validate segmentation models integrated within a vendor-supplied DL training toolkit and to assess the performance of both vendor-pretrained and custom-trained models. Four custom models (HN, left breast, right breast, and prostate) were trained and validated with 30 (training)/5 (validation) HN, 34/5 left …

Characterization Of An Inorganic Powder-Based Scintillation Detector Under A Uhdr Electron Beam, Daline Tho, Sam Beddar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

(1) Background: Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) radiation therapy needs a reliable dosimetry solution and scintillation detectors are promising candidates. In this study, we characterized an inorganic powder-based scintillation detector under a 9 MeV UHDR electron beam. (2) Methods: A mixture of ZnS:Ag powder and optic glue was coupled to an 8 m Eska GH-4001-P polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber. We evaluated the dependence of the detector on dose per pulse (DPP), pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and pulse width (PW). Additionally, we determined the stability and the reproducibility of the detector. (3) Results: The signal ratio between the PMMA clear optical …

Deceased Donor Renal Allograft Utility In Adult Single And Multi-Organ Transplantation In The United States, Peter J. Altshuler, Adam S. Bodzin, Kenneth A. Andreoni, Pooja Singh, Anju Yadav, Jaime M. Glorioso, Ashesh P. Shah, Carlo B. Ramirez, Warren R. Maley, Adam M. Frank

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Deceased donor multiorgan transplants utilizing kidneys (MOTs) can improve outcomes for multiorgan recipients but reduces kidneys for chronic renal failure patients.

METHODS: We reviewed the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from 2015 through 2019, for adult deceased donor kidney transplants. Recipients were classified as kidney transplant alone (KTA) (n = 62,252) or MOTs pancreas-kidney, simultaneous pancreas-kidney (n = 3,976), liver-kidney, simultaneous liver-kidney (n = 3,212), heart-kidney, simultaneous heart-kidney (n = 808), and "other"-kidney, simultaneous "other" kidney (n = 73).

RESULTS: Liver, heart, and lung-alone transplants were at least 7 times more frequent than their MOT correlate, whereas the …

Characterization Of An Inorganic Powder-Based Scintillation Detector Under A Uhdr Electron Beam, Daline Tho, Sam Beddar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) radiation therapy needs a reliable dosimetry solution and scintillation detectors are promising candidates. In this study, we characterized an inorganic powder-based scintillation detector under a 9 MeV UHDR electron beam.

Methods: A mixture of ZnS:Ag powder and optic glue was coupled to an 8 m Eska GH-4001-P polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber. We evaluated the dependence of the detector on dose per pulse (DPP), pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and pulse width (PW). Additionally, we determined the stability and the reproducibility of the detector.

Results: The signal ratio between the PMMA clear optical fiber and the …

Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach Update, December 18, 2024, Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach

Office of Research, Economic Engagement and Outreach

No abstract provided.

Sensitivity And Application Of Frequency Domain High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (Fd Hd-Dot), Weihao Fan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that measures hemodynamic responses in the brain, similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) but with distinct advantages. By utilizing near-infrared light, fNIRS can penetrate biological tissues and detect changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Additionally, fNIRS is portable, noninvasive and inexpensive. Within the realm of fNIRS, several measurement techniques exist, including Continuous Wave (CW), Frequency Domain (FD), and Time Domain (TD) methods. In this dissertation, we focused on the effects, fundamental principles and applications of FD designs. We provided the introduction in Chapter 1, and discussed the background theory and …

Connections Between Household Socioeconomic Status, Modifiable Risk Factors, And Diabetes Status Among Adults In Jamaica, Sheriann Elizabeth Reid

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Globally, diabetes is one of the most prevalent and challenging disorders. In Jamaica, the prevalence of the disease has increased by 42% since 2001. This study explored the connection between household socioeconomic status, modifiable risk factors, and diabetes status among adults in Jamaica using the social-ecological model. The study explored whether household socioeconomic status and modifiable risk factors were associated with diabetes and whether they predicted diabetes among Jamaican adults. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to analyze data with 11,206 respondents from the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions 2019 dataset. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations between …

Racial Disparities In Cesarean Section Rates Between Non-Hispanic Black And Non-Hispanic White Populations In The United States, Yanchao Yang, Margaret Mullen, Guangda Zhang

Business Analytics Faculty Publications

This study uses national natality data from the National Vital Statistics System, provided by the National Center for Health Statistics, covering the years 2011 to 2018 (N = 23,810,031) to investigate racial disparities in cesarean section (C-section) rates between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White mothers in the United States. This analysis offers a comprehensive perspective on the factors contributing to C-section disparities by considering mothers' demographic characteristics, health conditions, and infant health status. Using multivariable logistic regression, the findings reveal consistently higher C-section rates for non-Hispanic Black mothers compared to non-Hispanic White mothers, with the gap widening over time. …

Codifying Domesticity: The Story Of The Recommended Minimum Requirements For Small Dwelling Construction Of 1923, The Housing Policy Of The Hoover Secretariat, And The Impact On American Residential Architecture, Noah Morris

Graduate School of Architecture & Urban Design Theses & Dissertations

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, fire disasters and health-safety issues led to the widespread adoption of building codes. While the National Board of Fire Underwriters published the National Building Code in 1905, the code did not maintain regulatory consistency across the nation. This lack of consistency across the nation and socio-economic factors contributed to a nation-wide housing shortage of a million units by 1919. During World War I, the government addressed the housing crisis through the United States Housing Corporation and Emergency Fleet Corporation, building public housing based on the ideals of the Garden City Movement.[1] Following the …

Engagement And Access To Support For Oral Health, Substance Use, Smoking And Diet By People With Severe And Multiple Disadvantage: A Qualitative Study, Neha Jain, Emma A. Adams, Emma C. Joyes, Gillian Mclellan, Martin Burrows, Martha Paisi, Laura J. Mcgowan, Lorenzo Iafrate, David Landes, Richard Watt, Falko F. Sniehotta, Eileen Kaner, Sheena E. Ramsay

Peninsula Dental School

Background Severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD) is the combined effect of experiencing homelessness, substance use and repeat offending. People experiencing SMD have high burden of physical and mental health issues. Oral health is one of the most common health problems in people experiencing SMD which interacts with substance use, smoking, and unhealthy diet to create a cycle of harm and disadvantage. However, burden of these conditions is worsened by poor access to health services. This study aimed to identify pathways to improve engagement and access to health interventions, for oral health, substance and alcohol use, smoking and diet. Methods Using …

Us Ecological Systems And Climate Adaptation Strategies, Ian Munro

Sustainable Supply Chain Management

This paper is a an introduction and discussion about the various ecosystems of the United States, the different practices of business that hurt them, and how to solve them and create better sustainable resource practices. The ecosystems involve deserts, prairies, and forests which are the main biomes that make up the US. It delves deep in depth of how business affects it and how better sustainability can save it.

Rental Property Demand And Supply Analysis Using Machine Learning, Ahmed Amiri

Theses

The real estate market in Dubai is famous for its activity and stimulating potential due to the geographical position of the emirate, well-developed transport and legal framework. Timely determination and prediction of rental price is crucial for investors, property owners and managers, tenants and authorities in their decision making to maximize returns and ensure market stability. Traditional approaches are insufficient for the analysis of the temporal and spatial relations between property characteristics and market processes, which require the use of sophisticated machine learning algorithms. This paper aims to predict the rental prices of properties in Dubai using machine learning models …

Amorfe: An Ai-Integrated Interactive Brainstorming Interface, Ipshita Pal

Theses

Amorfe is an interactive multi-touch digital interface that reimagines brainstorming and collaboration using artificial intelligence (AI). Designed to make ideation more dynamic, the platform allows participants to explore, merge, and refine ideas in real time. AI is a creative catalyst, offering unpredictable outcomes and streamlining the brainstorming process. This makes Amorfe engaging, intuitive, and inclusive, encouraging active participation. The platform’s potential was demonstrated through a hypothetical scenario: “How do we create more green spaces on the RIT campus?” Four participants explored various brainstorming phases through touch interaction, leading to the creation of a prototype simulation video and a promotional video. …

Dissonance, Shreya Talegaonkar

Theses

Cognitive dissonance represents a profound psychological phenomenon where conflicting beliefs create mental tension. My thesis, Dissonance, transforms this abstract concept into an immersive multimedia installation that visually explores the human mind's intricate journey of reconciling internal contradictions. Using Cinema 4D, Adobe AfterEffects, and Resolume Arena, the project creates dynamic 3D animations projection-mapped across an 8x8x6 cubic feet space. Carefully designed blackout curtains and strategic seating immerse participants in a transformative narrative of psychological exploration. Audiences navigate through four distinct phases: Consistency, Chaos, Turmoil, and Adaptation. Each phase invites viewers to experience the unsettling yet profound journey of internal conflict resolution, …

Prenatal Identification Of Intracardiac Mass Expedites Surgical Management Of Capillary-Venous Malformation, Derek M Norton, Mounica Y Rao, Jianhong Zhang, M John Hicks, Anitha Parthiban, S Kristen Sexson Tejtel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Fetal and neonatal cardiac tumors are rare and often benign. Clinical presentation is primarily related to mass effect, pericardial effusion or arrhythmia. Prenatal detection can assist with risk assessment and inform optimal delivery plan and postnatal management. We report a fetus with a right atrial mass discovered in the third trimester. After successful surgical resection, pathology confirmed the mass to be a capillary-venous malformation, which are rare and challenging to diagnose. The true incidence of these vascular malformations within cardiac spaces is difficult to discern given the historic classification of numerous different vascular malformations under the umbrella term hemangioma.

Structural Variant Allelic Heterogeneity In Mecp2 Duplication Syndrome Provides Insight Into Clinical Severity And Variability Of Disease Expression, Davut Pehlivan, Jesse D Bengtsson, Sameer S Bajikar, Christopher M Grochowski, Ming Yin Lun, Mira Gandhi, Angad Jolly, Alexander J Trostle, Holly K Harris, Bernhard Suter, Sukru Aras, Melissa B Ramocki, Haowei Du, Michele G Mehaffey, Kyunghee Park, Ellen Wilkey, Cemal Karakas, Jesper J Eisfeldt, Maria Pettersson, Lynn Liu, Marwan S Shinawi, Virginia E Kimonis, Wojciech Wiszniewski, Kyle Mckenzie, Timo Roser, Angela M Vianna-Morgante, Alberto S Cornier, Ahmed Abdelmoity, James P Hwang, Shalini N Jhangiani, Donna M Muzny, Tadahiro Mitani, Kazuhiro Muramatsu, Shin Nabatame, Daniel G Glaze, Jawid M Fatih, Richard A Gibbs, Zhandong Liu, Anna Lindstrand, Fritz J Sedlazeck, James R Lupski, Huda Y Zoghbi, Claudia M B Carvalho

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: MECP2 Duplication Syndrome, also known as X-linked intellectual developmental disorder Lubs type (MRXSL; MIM: 300260), is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by copy number gains spanning MECP2. Despite varying genomic rearrangement structures, including duplications and triplications, and a wide range of duplication sizes, no clear correlation exists between DNA rearrangement and clinical features. We had previously demonstrated that up to 38% of MRXSL families are characterized by complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) of intermediate complexity (2 ≤ copy number variant breakpoints < 5), yet the impact of these genomic structures on regulation of gene expression and phenotypic manifestations have not been investigated.

METHODS: To study the role of the genomic rearrangement structures on an individual's clinical phenotypic variability, we employed a comprehensive …

Primary Anorectal Mammary-Like Adenocarcinoma: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall With Conventional Colorectal Adenocarcinoma, Margaret L Axelrod, Xiuli Liu, Pooja Navale

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLGs) are present in the anogenital region that bear striking morphologic and protein-expression similarities to mammary glands in the breast. AGMLGs can give rise to both benign and malignant lesions which mimic primary breast lesions. Herein, we report two mammary-type adenocarcinomas arising from AGMLGs, including one in the previously unreported site of the rectum. Recognition of mammary-type adenocarcinoma in the rectal and anogenital regions is crucial as clinical management options may differ compared to conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Macrowire For Intracranial Thrombectomy: An Early Experience Of A New Device And Technique For Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke, Kaustubh Limaye, Sami Al Kasab, Jaidevsinh Dolia, Mohamad Ezzeldin, Daniel Vela Duarte, Vinodh Doss, Sourabh Lahoti, David Hasan, Alejandro Spiotta, Khaled Asi, Vasu Saini, Tapan Mehta, Ameer Hassan, Diogo Haussen, Dileep Yavagal, Jesse Jones, Omar Tanweer, Waleed Brinjikji

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard of care for treatment of acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion up to 24 h from the last known normal time. With ADAPT and SOLUMBRA techniques, classically, a large bore aspiration catheter is delivered over a microcatheter and microwire crossing the clot to perform thrombectomy. Recently, a novel macrowire (Colossus 035 in.) has been introduced as a potential alternative to the use of microwire-microcatheter to allow the delivery of the aspiration catheter (ID = 0.070 in. up to 0.088 in.) over a macrowire alone.

OBJECTIVE: To test the …

Multi-Antigen Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (Eehv) Mrna Vaccine Induces Humoral And Cell-Mediated Responses In Mice, Jessica R Watts, Jennifer L Spencer Clinton, Jeroen Pollet, Rongsheng Peng, Jie Tan, Paul D Ling

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/Objectives: Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) causes lethal hemorrhagic disease (HD) in Asian and African elephants in human care and the wild. It is the leading cause of death for young Asian elephants in North American and European zoos despite sensitive diagnostic tests and improved treatments. Thus, there is a critical need to develop an effective vaccine to prevent severe illness and reduce mortality from EEHV-HD. We generated a multi-antigenic EEHV mRNA vaccine to address this need that encodes the EEHV1A-subtype glycoproteins gB, gH, gL, and gO. These conserved proteins are the entry machinery for several herpesviruses in the betaherpesvirus subfamily …

Structural Variant Allelic Heterogeneity In Mecp2 Duplication Syndrome Provides Insight Into Clinical Severity And Variability Of Disease Expression, Davut Pehlivan, Marwan S Shinawi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: MECP2 Duplication Syndrome, also known as X-linked intellectual developmental disorder Lubs type (MRXSL; MIM: 300260), is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by copy number gains spanning MECP2. Despite varying genomic rearrangement structures, including duplications and triplications, and a wide range of duplication sizes, no clear correlation exists between DNA rearrangement and clinical features. We had previously demonstrated that up to 38% of MRXSL families are characterized by complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) of intermediate complexity (2 ≤ copy number variant breakpoints <  5), yet the impact of these genomic structures on regulation of gene expression and phenotypic manifestations have not been investigated.

METHODS: To study the role of the genomic rearrangement structures on an individual's clinical phenotypic variability, we employed a comprehensive …

Momordicine-I Suppresses Head And Neck Cancer Growth By Modulating Key Metabolic Pathways, Debojyoty Bandyopadhyay, Ellen T Tran, Ruchi A Patel, Matthew A Luetzen, Kevin Cho, Leah P Shriver, Gary J Patti, Mark A Varvares, David A Ford, Kyle S Mccommis, Ratna B Ray

2020-Current year OA Pubs

One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic reprogramming which controls cellular homeostasis and therapy resistance. Here, we investigated the effect of momordicine-I (M-I), a key bioactive compound from Momordica charantia (bitter melon), on metabolic pathways in human head and neck cancer (HNC) cells and a mouse HNC tumorigenicity model. We found that M-I treatment on HNC cells significantly reduced the expression of key glycolytic molecules, SLC2A1 (GLUT-1), HK1, PFKP, PDK3, PKM, and LDHA at the mRNA and protein levels. We further observed reduced lactate accumulation, suggesting glycolysis was perturbed in M-I treated HNC cells. Metabolomic analyses confirmed a marked …

Microglial Cd2ap Deficiency Exerts Protection In An Alzheimer's Disease Model Of Amyloidosis, Lingliang Zhang, David M. Holtzman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) was initially identified in peripheral immune cells and regulates cytoskeleton and protein trafficking. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD2AP gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the functional role of CD2AP, especially its role in microglia during AD onset, remains elusive.

METHODS: CD2AP protein levels in cultured primary cells and in 5xFAD mice was studied. Microglial CD2AP-deficient mice were crossed with 5xFAD mice and the offspring were subjected to neuropathological assessment, behavioral tests, electrophysiology, RNA-seq, Golgi staining, and biochemistry analysis. Primary microglia were also isolated for assessing their uptake and morphology changes. …

The Improving Treatment Decisions For Patients With Aortic Stenosis Through Shared Decision Making (Impact Sdm) Study: Study Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Stepped Wedge Trial, Karen Sepucha, Nishath Quader, Alexander A Brescia, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for patients with severe aortic stenosis choosing between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Although tools such as patient decision aids (DAs) and training in SDM have been shown to improve SDM, implementation of SDM and DAs is limited. The IMproving treatment decisions for Patients with AortiC stenosis Through Shared Decision Making (IMPACT SDM) study aims to (1) determine the effectiveness of the interventions (a DA and clinician SDM training) in achieving SDM (primary outcome) …

Number Of Prescription Medications And Overall Survival In Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Carley R Pickett, Daniel B Eaton, Krishny Karunanandaa, Emily Cybulla, Brendan T Heiden, Su-Hsin Chang, Yan Yan, Melanie P Subramanian, Varun Puri, Martin W Schoen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Community Engaged Healthcare Education On Undergraduate Students’ Empathy And Their Views Towards Social Accountability; A Mixed Methods Systematic Review, Anastasios Plessas, Martha Paisi, Nilufar Ahmed, Zoe Brookes, Lorna Burns, Robert Witton

Peninsula Dental School

Background: Many non-communicable diseases are rooted in social factors that determine health outcomes. Complex topics such as the social determinants of health are difficult to teach through traditional didactic methods. Since the introduction of the social accountability of medical schools’ framework in 1995 by the World Health Organisation, healthcare education institutions are encouraged to shift their traditional education models towards a socially accountable approach. Community engagement can facilitate a deeper understanding of health inequity, barriers to health care, and the social determinants of health whilst enabling institutions to meet their obligation to the communities they serve. This systematic review aimed …

Working Within A Perfect Storm: The Current Uk Care Crisis In Community Neurorehabilitation, Alyson Norman, Mark Holloway, Jackie Dean, Andrew Patterson, Ben Needham-Holmes, Valentina Curro, Craig Andrews, Phillipa Feltham-White, Jo Clark-Wilson

School of Psychology

Context: Within the UK there is a shortage of support workers required to meet the needs of individuals with acquired brain injuries who often require extensive care packages. Objective: This study aimed to identify the issues surrounding support worker recruitment and retention and to identify the impact on the care received by individuals with brain injuries and other complex needs. Method: Two surveys were sent out to members of the British Association of Brain and Complex Case Management (BABICM) to better understand retention and recruitment issues within their organisations. Cross-sectional data were collected in January 2022 and again in April …

Methodological Report Of A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Abortion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Amongst Health Professionals In Britain, Strategies Adopted And Lessons Learned: Evidence From The Sacha Study, The Sacha Study Team, R. S. French, M. J. Palmer, O. Mccarthy, N. Salaria, R. Meiksin, J. Shawe, M. Lewandowska, R. Scott, K. Wellings, G. Wong, S. Sheldon, J. Reiter, W. V. Norman, C. Murphy, P. A. Lohr, L. Keogh, C. Free, S. Cameron, P. Baraitser, A. Aronsson

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Most surveys examining health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practices around abortion have used convenience samples and have targeted doctors. Our goal in the SACHA Study, drawing on evidence-based strategies to maximise response rates, was to achieve a representative sample of a wider range of health professionals, working in general practice, maternity services, pharmacies, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) clinics and specialist abortion services in Britain, to explore the knowledge, attitudes and experience of abortion care and views on future models of delivery. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of midwives, doctors, nurses and pharmacists in England, Scotland and Wales was …

Strategies Small Business Leaders Use To Retain Employees To Reduce Turnover Costs, Karla Gilchrist-Saunders

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Failure to retain employees negatively affects organizational financial sustainability. Small business leaders become concerned when their organizations fail to retain employees, resulting in increased costs and decreased competitiveness, organizational knowledge, team dynamics, and valuable human resources. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to identify and explore leadership strategies some small business leaders use to retain employees to reduce turnover costs. The participants were six small business leaders in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area with successful strategies used to retain employees to reduce turnover costs. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and publicly …