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Limits Of Legal Responses To Genocide And Mass Atrocity: Introduction To The Special Issue, Paul Morrow, Shelley Inglis

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

After Impunity: The Anti-Impunity Norm, The Colombian Special Jurisdiction For Peace, And The Future Of International Criminal Law, Max Pensky

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The predominance of international criminal law as a frontline response to atrocity crimes prioritizes the countering of impunity as an overarching goal. A corresponding “anti-impunity norm” identifies the legal punishment of individual perpetrators as a core requirement in legal responses to atrocities. This anti-impunity norm – the requirement to prosecute and punish – is also a legal obligation for state parties to the International Criminal Court. But the anti-impunity norm equates impunity’s opposite – accountability – with the imposition of legal punishment. This narrow interpretation of impunity places limits on states’ ability to craft context-specific responses to atrocities while also …

Assembling Pieces Of Accountability For The Srebrenica Genocide, Annick Pijnenburg, Nataša Nedeski

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The Srebrenica genocide has been the subject of multiple legal proceedings against various actors before different courts, at both the national and international level. Amongst others, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia has sentenced various individual perpetrators, the International Court of Justice has ruled on the responsibility of the Serbian state, and Dutch courts have been asked to rule on the liability of the Dutch state and the United Nations. This raises the following question: to what extent have multiple adjudicatory mechanisms across legal regimes managed to deliver accountability for the Srebrenica genocide and what are the remaining …

If Only Justice Could Heal Or Make Whole: Hard Lessons From Rwanda’S Legal Responses To Genocide And Mass Atrocity, Gerald Gahima

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

My reflections on the limits of legal responses in Rwanda stem from both academic and lived experience. I served as Rwanda’s Deputy Minister of Justice (1996–1999), Prosecutor General (1999–2003), and Deputy Chief Justice (2003–2004) during the period after the genocide. In those roles, I had access to a large volume of information drawn from policy- making roles, case files of members of my staff, as well as my own fieldwork relating to the suffering of victims of the genocide. While I obviously believe that justice for those crimes is not in vain, my work with survivors left me with an …

Global Human Rights Sanctions: How Can They Contribute To Addressing Mass Atrocities?, Yifan Jia

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Global Human Rights Sanctions (GHRS) have been used in over 30 countries as a mechanism for imposing unilateral human rights sanctions on individual perpetrators. Despite the hundreds of specific sanctions that have been imposed globally, there remains a lack of understanding about how these measures function on gross human rights violations. This article seeks to explore how GHRS, as an emerging human rights mechanism, contributes to addressing mass atrocities. I categorize the functions of GHRS into two phases: post-atrocity and pre-atrocity. In the post-atrocity phase, I identify three primary objectives asserted by sanctioning states: punishing perpetrators, promoting behavioral change, and …

Arts & Literature: Beyond Mourning: Art As Healing A Decade After The Yazidi Genocide, Sarwa Azeez

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Impact Of A Novel Program To Address Acute Food Insecurity Among Cancer Patients, Elliott M. Sina, Michael Rowe, Gina Mancuso, Gregory Garber, W. Kevin Kelly, Amy E. Leader

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Acute food insecurity (FI) significantly impacts cancer patients' health, exacerbating physical and psychological burdens. While current interventions address chronic FI, acute cases remain undermanaged. Legacy of Hope, a Philadelphia-based non-profit, addresses this gap through its Emergency Patient Support Network (EPSN), offering free bi-weekly groceries to patients facing acute FI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pilot study evaluated EPSN's impact utilizing the Legacy of Hope Acute Food Insecurity (LOHAFI) survey, which was performed at baseline and two weeks post-intervention. The survey combines the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G7) and questions on food and financial security. Mean scores and frequencies were …

Type Of Orientation And Differences In Role Transition, Unit Support, Job Satisfaction And Retention Among New Graduate Nurses, Kimber Lee Zolnier

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many new graduate nurses leave the nursing profession during the first year of practice due to inadequate orientation and lack of support. Successful transition to practice is often hindered as new graduate nurses may be assigned to more than one clinical unit and receive feedback from multiple preceptors, leading to frustration and lack of confidence when feedback is inconsistent. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study, guided by the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and Benner’s novice to expert theory, was to determine if there is a difference among new graduate nurses’ experiences with role transition, job satisfaction, retention, and …

Resisting Ableism In Research Design, Gipsy Hosking

The Qualitative Report

This paper explores how ableist assumptions can unintentionally create barriers to participation in research by those of non-normative bodies or minds. In traditional epistemology, bodies are considered “universal” rather than “specific,” and the universal body is coded as fully able-bodied and independent with brain and body adhering to normative standards of the White heterosexual English-speaking male. In this article, I present a story of “enabling participation” for those of diverse body capacity in my work with young women living with chronic illness.^[1]Specifically, I explore the accommodations and adaptions I made to my research design to account for the …

Quantitative Approaches To Unravel The Mechanobiology Of Cortical Folding, Ramin Balouchzadeh

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Quantitative Approaches to Unravel the Mechanobiology of Cortical Folding by Ramin Balouchzadeh Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, 2024 Professor Philip V. Bayly, Chair Professor Kara E. Garcia, Co-Chair Brain development is a highly complex process driven by mechanical forces and material properties that shape the cerebral cortex’s characteristic gyri and sulci. Abnormalities in this folding pro?cess are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Despite significant advancements, the underlying mechanical principles governing brain morphogenesis remain incompletely understood. This body of work investigates three key aspects of brain de?velopment: stress-dependent growth, evolving tissue …

Investigating The Role Of The I-Ii Linker In Nav1.5, Emily Wagner

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.5 is essential for initiating the cardiac action potential. Its dysfunction can lead to dangerous arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and death. Like many channels, its known properties depend heavily on its structure. The functional core of the alpha subunit consists of four homologous repeats (I, II, III, and IV), each formed from a voltage sensing domain and a pore domain. The channel also contains two cytoplasmic termini and three cytoplasmic linkers (I-II, II-III, and III-IV). While most of the channel has been resolved in multiple structures, the I-II and II-III linkers have remained conspicuously absent …

Investigating The Role Of The I-Ii Linker In Nav1.5, Emily Wagner

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.5 is essential for initiating the cardiac action potential. Its dysfunction can lead to dangerous arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and death. Like many channels, its known properties depend heavily on its structure. The functional core of the alpha subunit consists of four homologous repeats (I, II, III, and IV), each formed from a voltage sensing domain and a pore domain. The channel also contains two cytoplasmic termini and three cytoplasmic linkers (I-II, II-III, and III-IV). While most of the channel has been resolved in multiple structures, the I-II and II-III linkers have remained conspicuously absent …

Coding For Decentralized Systems And Forensic 3d Fingerprinting, Canran Wang

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation presents novel coding techniques that optimize communication costs and address security challenges in decentralized systems and 3D printing technologies. The first part focuses on encoding data in distributed systems in a decentralized manner, i.e., without a central processor which orchestrates the operation. In such systems, processors require coded data generated from inputs provided by source processors. An example is a distributed storage system with geographically dispersed nodes storing a large database collected by specific source processors. To reduce communication costs, we propose a universal solution applicable to any linear code, with optimizations for systematic Reed-Solomon and Lagrange codes, …

Narrative Engineering: Tools, Computational Structure, And Impact Of Stories, Michael A. Debuse

Theses and Dissertations

Computational Linguistics has a long history of applying mathematics to the grammatical and syntactic structure of language; however, applying math to the more complex aspects of language, such as narrative, plot, scenes, character relations, causation, etc. remains a difficult topic. The goal of my research is to bridge the narrative humanities with mathematics, to computationally grasp at these difficult topic, and help develop the field of Narrative Engineering. I view narrative and story with the same mathematical scrutiny as other engineering fields, to take the creativity and fluidity of story and encode it in mathematical representations that have meaning beyond …

Revisiting Insider Practices: Ethical Considerations, Practices, And Hopes For Doing Community Work And Narrative Research In And About Our Own Communities, Tiffany Sostar, Nathan Viktor Fawaz, Elliot Trimble, Theodosia Octavia Markarian, Bekett Noble

The Qualitative Report

In this paper, we describe the hopes, considerations, and questions of a narrative practice research collaboration among three closely connected transgender (trans) and/or non-binary collaborators, in a collection of work meant to support trans, non-binary, and gender expansive life and in response to trans death at a time of increasing hostility toward trans communities. We apply a specific focus on inquiring into how to do narrative therapy and community work research in and about our own communities, and what the ethical, relational and methodological practices for this work might be. We do this through reflecting on existing literature related to …

Measurement Of Breast Artery Calcification Using An Artificial Intelligence Detection Model And Its Association With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Suzanne Rose, Josette Hartnett, Zachary Estep, Daniyal Ameen, Shweta Karki, Edward Schuster, Rebecca Newman, David Hsi

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Breast artery calcification (BAC) obtained from standard mammographic images is currently under evaluation to stratify risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in women. Measuring BAC using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, we aimed to determine the relationship between BAC and coronary artery calcification (CAC) severity with Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). This retrospective study included women who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) within one year of mammography. T-test assessed the associations between MACE and variables of interest (BAC versus MACE, CAC versus MACE). Risk differences were calculated to capture the difference in observed risk and reference groups. Chi-square tests and/or Fisher's …

The Role Of The Triglyceride-Glucose Index As A Biomarker Of Cardio-Metabolic Syndromes, Verena Gounden, Sridevi Devaraj, Ishwarlal Jialal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index represents a simple, cost-effective, and valid proxy for insulin resistance. This surrogate marker has also been proposed as a predictor of metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this descriptive review, we aimed to assess the utility of the TyG index as a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases.

METHODS: A search was conducted in PubMed, and Web of Science to identify cross-sectional and more importantly prospective studies examining the use of the TyG index as a predictive biomarker. The following terms were utilized in addition to the TyG index: "insulin resistance", "metabolic syndrome", "diabetes"; "cardiovascular diseases". …

Global Prevalence Of Helicobacter Pylori Antibiotic Resistance Among Children In The World Health Organization Regions Between 2000 And 2023: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Aryan Salahi-Niri, Ali Nabavi-Rad, Tanya Marie Monaghan, Theodore Rokkas, Michael Doulberis, Amir Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Zali, Yoshio Yamaoka, Evelina Tacconelli, Abbas Yadegar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection is typically acquired in childhood and persists throughout life. The major impediment to successful therapy is antibiotic resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pediatric H. pylori infection.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of publication databases that assessed H. pylori resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline in children. The WHO region classification was used to group pooled primary and secondary resistance estimates along with 95% confidence interval (CI). H. pylori antibiotic resistance rates …

Use Of Cigarettes And E-Cigarettes, Impulsivity, And Anxiety: Influences On Suicidal Ideation Among Youth And Young Adults In Texas, Anna V Wilkinson, Baojiang Chen, Alan C Swann, David P Graham, David A Nielsen, Thomas R Kosten, Alexandra Loukas, Dale S Mantey, Bara S Bataineh, Melissa B Harrell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Cigarette use and smoking intensity increase risk of suicidal ideation. Less is known about e-cigarette use. Here we examine direct influences of cigarette versus e-cigarette use on suicidal ideation among 16- to 23-year-olds in Texas.

Aims and methods: Since 2019, the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance Study collected data on suicidal ideation every 6 months covering the previous 2 weeks. Youths answering that they had "thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself" on more than 2 of 14 days were categorized as having suicidal ideation. Generalized linear mixed-effects logistic regressions examined the influence …

Creating A Sustainable Platform For Indigenous Girls’ And Women’S Empowerment, Population Council

Adolescents and Young People

No abstract provided.

Scorpiops Reini Sp. N. From Yunnan, China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae), Victoria Tang

Euscorpius

Scorpiops reini sp. n. is described from Yingjiang County (Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province) based on an adult pair. It can be readily discriminated from all of its congeneric geographic neighbors in Yunnan, namely S. jendeki Kovařík, 1994, S. shidian (Zhu et al., 2005), S. tongtongi Tang, 2022, and S. zhangshuyuani (Ythier, 2019). Within Yunnan, it resembles S. validus (Di et al., 2010) and S. yangi (Zhu et al., 2007) most, but can be identified by its large median ocelli (relative to the width of ocular subislet), pedipalp chelal finger morphology and pectinal tooth count. Beyond Yunnan, it shows the highest …

"Fashion Forward": Fashioning Sociocultural Narratives Through Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis Of Fashion Editorials, Nemuel N. Oliveros

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This qualitative study applies Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) to decode sociocultural issues embedded in fashion editorials, addressing research questions about the sociocultural themes conveyed in the photos, the role of visual semiotics in the construction and presentation of each theme, and the sociocultural connotations contained therein. By employing thematic analysis and the modified version of Machin's Visual Semiotic Analysis framework tailored to the research context, the study systematically analyzes pose, gaze, social distance, objects, and settings in eight carefully selected fashion editorials, revealing nuanced sociocultural narratives. Under violence and exploitation, it reveals domestic violence and the commodification of women. …

Some People Need Killing: Power Of Metaphors In Shaping And Challenging Political And Educational Realities, Rebecca Cyrene J. Lorenzana

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This study examines the significant role of metaphors in shaping and challenging political and educational discourse, focusing on the narratives from Patricia Evangelista's Some People Need Killing. Through Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), the research dissects how metaphors of war and criminality, dehumanization, salvation, and resistance function within the context of Rodrigo Duterte's War on Drugs in the Philippines. The study reveals that metaphors are not merely rhetorical devices but powerful tools that construct and perpetuate hegemonic structures, legitimizing state-sanctioned violence and dehumanizing individuals involved in drug-related activities. Conversely, metaphors of salvation and resistance offer alternative narratives that challenge these …

Segmental Inventory And Sociolectal Diversity In Philippine English Phonology: Insights From The Maximum Entropy Grammar, Teri An Joy G. Magpale

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This study examines phonological variations in Philippine English (PhE) across acrolect, mesolect, and basilect sociolects by analyzing vowel and consonant realizations. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model, these variations were investigated through auditory judgment and acoustic measurements of data from 30 participants with varying levels of English proficiency. The results reveal significant sociolectal differences in phonological patterns, with the MaxEnt model effectively capturing these variations. Findings of the study provides insights into the phonological diversity of PhE and suggests further research to explore sociolectal variations in other English varieties.

Is Chatgpt-Produced Text Authentic? A Contrastive Analysis Of Cohesive Markers In Human And Ai-Generated Text, Joseph Christopher Dt Briana

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly prominent in education and writing classrooms, this study compares AI-generated text from ChatGPT with human-generated text to evaluate the authenticity of AI-produced content in using cohesive markers such as linking adverbials (LAs). A corpus of online opinion columns from both sources was compiled to examine the use of LAs as cohesive markers. The analysis reveals variability in LA use in semantic and syntactic categories. Additionally, there are instances of LA overuse among human writers. Evidence suggests that AI prefers syntactically complex LA forms over those used by human writers. The findings provide developers with …

Reflecting On Shakespeare’S Accessibility And Relevance In A Chinese University: The Case For Translanguaging And A Genai-Proficient Educator, Therese P. Abonales

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

This paper reflects on the implementation of an approach that integrates Generative AI (GenAI), specifically the Chinese GenAI model Wenxi Yiyan (also known as Ernie Bot in English), along with translanguaging into the teaching of Shakespearean literature and language instruction.The approach, tested with a group of third-year English majors at Jimei University (JMU), Xiamen, China, using Sonnet 116 as the primary topic, leveraged Wenxin Yiyan using both Chinese and English, to enhance pedagogical strategies, simplifying complex Shakespearean language, instead of mere translation, to make it more accessible and engaging for Chinese English majors. This paper begins by exploring Shakespeare's relevance …

Appraisal Resources In Cyberspace Discourse On Capital Punishment And Corruption, Adetutu Aragbuwa

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Discourses on the public agitation to codify capital punishment for corrupt Nigerian officials are growing in cyberspace thus opening up the subject for scholarly investigation. This study, therefore, examines cyber citizens’ use of language in constructing their attitudes to the agitation, with a view to analysing dominant ideologies embedded in the discourses. Data for the study, downloaded from Nairaland forum, comprise six hundred comments from ten threads on the anti-corruption clamour. The data is subjected to qualitative analysis hinged on the appraisal theory. The study’s findings reveal upscaled lexicalised judgements of negative normality, tenacity, propriety and veracity towards not just …

Preliminaries

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Abstract not applicable.

Compulsory Heterosexuality And Regulatory Hegemony In English Textbooks, Angelika Mae N. Balingasa

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

Gender representations are crucial in textbooks given that these instructional materials are integral and widely-acknowledged in the field of education. However, despite various efforts to circumvent gender inequalities, textbooks still remain as conduits for proliferating gender biases and heteronormativity. In this study, secondary English textbooks were examined and sequential explanatory research design was used to investigate how genders were demonstrated in the textbooks through the lens of gender performativity theory. The findings revealed that the textbooks adhered to historical gender conventions, as opposed to genders’ fluid and contingent nature. Additionally, all of the textbooks promote hegemonic masculinity with men dominating …

“But The Trauma Did Not Fade Away” Childhood Sexual Abuse, Adolescent Pregnancy, And Rurality, Cynthia H. Mcniss

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent pregnancy are critical public health issues that intersect in complex ways, particularly in rural areas. Adolescents who have experienced CSA are at a significantly higher risk of becoming pregnant before the age of 19 compared to their peers without such a history (Madigan et al., 2014). Rurality is also associated with elevated rates of adolescent pregnancy due to various socio-economic and healthcare access challenges ("Rural Health Information Hub," 2024). This study employed a grounded theory approach to develop a comprehensive understanding of the social and psychosocial processes influencing the choices, actions, and decisions of …